中考英語命題研究第二部分語法專題突破篇專題九非謂語動詞習(xí)題.docx

專題九 非謂語動詞,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 考綱要求動詞不定式做賓語、賓語補足語、目的狀語考查點年份題號選項設(shè)置分值疑問詞不定式201539how_to_study/when to study/which to study/what to study1分作賓語(固定搭配)201433accept/to accept/say/to_say1分201339clean/to_clean/cleaning/cleaned1分表目的201237to_find/find/to write/write1分 河北中考單項選擇題對非謂語動詞的考查只考動詞不定式，如：不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、目的狀語等。同時，也涉及到了不定式固定句型和用法的考查，如：固定搭配forget to do sth.，decide to do sth.，would like sb.to do sth.(想讓某人做某事)；疑問詞不定式when to start(何時開始)。設(shè)題形式以單句為主，詞數(shù)為1014。預(yù)測2017年河北中考的單項選擇仍會出一道題考查不定式，考查表目的和作賓語的可能性很大。,河北中考重難點突破【滿分點撥】1非謂語動詞的定義及句法功能(1)非謂語動詞的定義非謂語動詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式。(2)非謂語動詞的句法功能非謂語動詞在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、補語、定語或狀語等成分，即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主語和表語)眼見為實。The boy likes walking to school.(作賓語)那個男孩喜歡步行去學(xué)校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作補語)不要讓我們等得太久。(3)非謂語動詞的三種形式非謂語動詞按照其用法分為：動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)、動名詞。按照其形式分為：to do、v.ing、v.ed。2動詞不定式的用法動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。(1)作主語。不定式作主語往往用形式主語it代替，作為句子真正主語的不定式則被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，給我們照相。(2)作表語?？煞旁赽e動詞之后作表語。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打掃房間。 (3)作賓語。常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：decide“決定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘記”，hope“希望”，pretend“假裝”，try“盡力”。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你決定今年暑假去香港旅行嗎？ (4)作賓語補足語。常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask“要求”，tell“告訴”，want“想要”，teach“教”，wish“希望”，help“幫助”，warn“警告”，invite“邀請”，encourage“鼓勵”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她姐姐把電視機的音量調(diào)小點。(5)作定語。動詞不定式作定語時，要置于被說明修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我現(xiàn)在沒有空。我有很多事要做。 (6)作狀語。主要作目的狀語，也可作結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他們將去車站會見客人。(目的狀語)Paul is too excited to say anything.保羅激動得說不出話來了。(結(jié)果狀語)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.聽說你媽媽生病了我很難過。(原因狀語)注意：在使役動詞make，let，have和感官動詞see，hear，watch，notice，feel等詞后，要把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.剛才我看到我們的英語老師走進辦公室了。3常見只能跟不定式的動詞tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事force sb. to do sth.強迫某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.說服某人做某事would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.決定做某事refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事learn to do sth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事plan to do sth.計劃做某事promise to do sth.承諾做某事4動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別(1)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。舉例如下：stop doing sth.停止正在做的事stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做過某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.記得做過某事remember to do sth.記得去做某事(未做)need doing sth.需要做某事(被動含義)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主動含義)(2)感官動詞后接不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞感官動詞后既可接不帶to的不定式，也可接現(xiàn)在分詞；接不定式時指“(看到、聽到、見到)全過程”，接現(xiàn)在分詞時指“瞬間動作”。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我聽到那個女孩正在隔壁房間里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到那個女孩在隔壁房間里唱歌。5動詞不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那個男孩太小不能照顧自己。(2)enough to表示“足夠”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學(xué)的年齡了。(3)Why dont you 不帶to的不定式？Why not不帶to的不定式？如Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？為什么不給她買個相冊呢？(4)had better(not)不帶to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好別待在那兒。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事?！比纾篠he prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份有意義的小禮物也不愿收到一大筆錢?！究键c搶測】一、單項選擇。( A )1.(2016裕華區(qū)中考模擬)WeChat created by Ma Huateng is getting so popular that more people use it _ on line.Ato chat BchattedCchatting Dchat( A )2.(2016石家莊質(zhì)檢三模)Did the guide teach you _ a model robot?Yes，it was interesting but kind of difficult.Ahow to make Bwhen to makeCwhich to make Dwhat to make( D )3.(2016河北升學(xué)四模)Chinese government is now doing its best _ our China Dream.Arealize BrealizingCrealized Dto realize( B )4.(2016石家莊十八縣市聯(lián)考)Whenever you have a chance _ English，you should take it.Aspeak Bto speakCspoke Dspeaks( A )5.(2015保定8中模擬)_ up early is important for your health.ATo get BGetsCGot DGotten( B )6.(2015保定17中模擬)He hurried back home _ his schoolbag.Afetched Bto fetchCfetching Dfetches( D )7.(2015唐山9中模擬)Nobody could tell me where _ the book.Abuy BbuyingCcan buy Dto buy( A )8.He is too fat.He has decided _ some exercise to keep healthy.Ato take Bnot to takeCtake Dtakes( D )9.He promised _ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee BseeingCsaw Dto see( D )10.The little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.Asleeping BasleepCbe asleep Dto be asleep( C )11.It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day.Aplay BplayingCto play Dplays( C )12.My sister Julia would rather _ newspapers than watch TV on Sundays.Areading BreadsCread Dto read( A )13.Tom，would you please _ the box？Its for your sister.Anot open Bdont openCnot to open Dto not open( D )14.My teacher encouraged me _ more confident.Aam Bis Cbe Dto be( D )15.My mother often tells me _ the teachers carefully in class.Alisten Blisten toCto listen Dto listen to二、連詞成句。16(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)I，invent，wish，kind of，pen，a，to_I_wish_to_invent_a_kind_of_pen_17(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)can，write，help，the pen，us，more quick_The_pen_can_help_us(to)_write_more_quickly_18(2016路北區(qū)二模)I，time，abroad，go，is，this，to，first_This_is_my_first_time_to_go_abroad_19(2016邯鄲升學(xué)二模)learn physics，it，be，to，difficult_It_is_difficult_to_learn_physics_20(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)home，me，he，I，told，go，to_He_told_me_to_go_home_myself_21(2016石家莊24中模擬)English，welcome，club，to，our_Welcome_to_our_English_club_22(2016石家莊24中模擬)you，would，bag，mind，moving，my，your_Would_you_mind_my_moving_your_bag_？23(2016路南區(qū)九年級二模)show，I，you，your photos，could_Could_you_show_me_your_photos_？24(2016路南區(qū)九年級二模)turn off，mind，the，you，TV，would_Would_you_mind_turning_off_the_TV_？25(2016路北區(qū)九年級三模)in，I，garden，saw，pick，him，flowers，the_I_saw_him_picking_flowers_in_the_garden_ ,河北中考考點精練一、單項選擇( A )1.(2016黑龍江中考)Though she often makes her little brother_，she was made_by him this morning.Acry；to cry Bto cry；cry Ccry；cry Dto cry；crying ( C )2.(2016濱州中考)Im sorry I_my exercise book at home this morning.It doesnt matter.Dont forget_it here this afternoon.Aleft；to take Bforgot；bringingCleft；to bring Dforgot；to bring( D )3.(2016上海中考)After she finished_the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread BreadsCto read Dreading( D )4.(2016綿陽中考)How kind you are！You always do what you can_others.Ahelp BhelpingChelps Dto help( B )5.(2016上海中考)I cant tell you what she said.Ive promised_it a secret.Akeep Bto keepCkeeping Dkept( C )6.(2016天津中考)I want to see the Beijing Opera，so Lingling offered_me to watch an opera.Atook BtakesCto take Dtaking( D )7.(2016重慶中考)You should ask Bob_his own clothes.He is ten years old now.Awash Bwashes Cwashing Dto wash( A )8.(2016廣東中考)Leonardo DiCaprio，a famous American actor，was always expecting_an Oscar and finally he made it.Ato win BwinningCnot to win Dnot winning( B )9.(2016南京中考)Have you read the book Jane Eyre?Yes.Its a famous book and really worth_Ato read BreadingCto be read Dread( C )10.(2016長沙中考改編)Janes spoken English is pretty good.Yeah，she works hard and practices_it both in and out of class.Aspoken Bto spokeCspeaking Dspeak( B )11.(2016黃石中考)Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here，but it will still take us a few hours_there by bike.Agetting Bto getCgot Dget( D )12.(2016隨州中考)I tried to make the baby_by singing，and that worked well at last.Ato stop to cry Bto stop crying Cstop to cry Dstop crying( A )13.(2016蘇州中考)Our teacher often advises us_the habit of making notes while reading.Ato d