英語翻譯translationpra.ppt

Translation Practice,翻譯實(shí)踐,Orientation,Content： English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation practices Basic Translation skills and strategies,Bable Tower,Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.,Please keep the fire burning. 你的眼睛真大。 If you go, I will go. 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度,Orientation,Arrangment:,Words & phrases,sentences,paragraphs,short passages,How to understand a word and put it into another language,Translation skills; how to deal with long complicated stences,Practices of translation skills; Cohesion and Coherence,Practical styles; style, function,Orientation,Objective： Able to deal with short passages of practical styles, producing faithful and acceptable translation works,Orientation,What could you gain from the course? Prepare yourself for possible translation tasks in the future. Being aware of the differences between English and Chinese. Learn about the possible aids in translation. Transaltion certificates,翻譯資格證書簡介 全國外語翻譯證書考試(CATTI) 全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）考（NAETI） 上海外語口譯崗位證書,Orientation,Requirement Attendance Participation,Criteria for a good translation,嚴(yán)復(fù)：信、達(dá)、雅 faithfulness, expressiveness, gracefulness faithful & acceptable,直譯與意譯 literal translation & liberal translation The conclusion we reach is that reform can not be put off. Literal translation, or direct translation, is the translation of text from one language to another “word-for-word” Liberal translation is the translation conveying the sense of the original text.,I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. Write my number down in order to remember it. 能直譯的盡量直譯，不能直譯的就意譯,語義理解和表達(dá),reference resources,行為藝術(shù) lined eye life expectancy If Main Street didnt understand it, Wall Street did.,search engine: google, baidu 在線詞典：百度詞典, 維基百科 翻譯數(shù)據(jù)庫：CNKI翻譯助手（查找專業(yè)術(shù)語） 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件：TRADOS, CAT 在線交流：翻譯論壇，QQ群,Context 語境,The young man walked at the head of the parade. You should use your head a little bit. The dinner cost five dollars a head. He arranged his speech under five heads. Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. Heads or tails? We are heading south.,臺(tái)灣問題完全是中國內(nèi)政。 Taiwan _is entirely an internal affair of China. 大城市的交通問題必須解決。 Traffic _in big cities must be solved. 課后，他向我提了很多問題。 He asked many _to me after class. 你的計(jì)劃是個(gè)好主意，現(xiàn)在問題是我們?nèi)绾蝸韺?shí)現(xiàn)。 Your plan is a good idea, but the _is how to make it.,用戶對(duì)貴公司的產(chǎn)品意見很大。 The customers have a lot of complaints about your products. 我覺得這是個(gè)好主意，你的意見呢？ I think its a good idea. Whats your opinion? 我一定聽從您的意見。 Ill follow your advice.,上膘 上當(dāng) 上吊 上凍 上火 上課 上年紀(jì) 上相 上春晚,get fat be taken in hang oneself to freeze get angry attend the class get old/age look well in a photo/be photogenic attend the Spring Festival Gala,Cultrual background,Culture-loaded words: words that reflects cultural information and social life Adams apple He respected Tom. He was his man Friday. It is a Greek gift to you. Trojan Horse 隨著該法規(guī)的出臺(tái)，出版社有了緊箍咒。 With the regulation issued, publishers are supervised.,語義的表達(dá),怎樣選擇最為恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)？ 根據(jù)上下文，充分考慮慣用搭配，感情色彩，語體和文體等 慣用搭配：駕崩，陣亡，夭折 感情色彩：褒義：去世， 與世長辭 貶義：玩完了，咽氣了 中性：死亡， 語體：書面語：去世，過世 口語：沒了，走了 文體：新聞：罹難，遇難 科技說明文，法律文書: 死亡 文學(xué)作品：駕鶴西游，香消玉殞,These were all good eggs. 這都是新鮮雞蛋。 Yesterday, we went to the museum and parks and restarant. 昨天我們參觀了博物館，逛了公園，還下了館子。 In an effort to reach more readers, many publications have established their own websites. 為了爭取更多讀者，很多出版物建立了自己的網(wǎng)站。 Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 野心不僅是毀滅的根源，也是罪惡的根源。 Her ambition was to be a great actress. 她的志向是成為一名偉大的演員。 I am writing the letter to convey my gratitude to your company. 我謹(jǐn)借本信向貴公司表示感謝/致謝。,歸化和異化,to kill tow birds with one stone 一石兩鳥，一箭雙雕，一舉兩得 歸化（domestication）和異化（foreignization） 歸化：使翻譯文本符合譯入語的文化價(jià)值和審美情趣的翻譯方法 異化：使翻譯文本保留源語的語言文化特色的翻譯方法。,Examples of Domestication,Wet like a drown rat Seek a hare in a hens nest Cry up wine and sell vinegar to paint the lily a heart-shaped face I got an O. Henry ending. Two heads are better than one as poor as a church mouse laugh off ones head 揮金如土 力大如牛,Examples of Foreignization,豆腐，功夫，餃子，麻將，關(guān)系, DINK, hacker, salad, chain-store to shed crocodiles tear Rome was not built in a day. A rolling stone gathers no moss.,Review,翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ： 忠實(shí)、通順 所謂“忠實(shí)”，是指譯者應(yīng)該正確地理解和表達(dá)原文的意思，保持原作的語氣和文本風(fēng)格?！巴槨保侵缸g文文字流暢地道，遣詞造句應(yīng)當(dāng)符合譯語的語法規(guī)范和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。在翻譯實(shí)踐中，譯者應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)處理二者關(guān)系，避免譯文生硬晦澀。,翻譯兩大基本方法： 直譯 （literal translation）vs 意譯 (liberal translation) 歸化(Domestication) vs 異化 (Foreignization),直譯：既保持原文內(nèi)容又保持原文形式的翻譯方法（形似）。要求在保持內(nèi)容的前提下，力求使譯文與原文在選詞用字、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、形象比喻及風(fēng)格等方面盡可能趨于一致。 意譯：忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容而不拘泥于原文形式與修辭手法的翻譯方法（神似）。即在必要時(shí)，可以完全舍棄原文形式.,直譯 （literal translation）vs 意譯 (liberal translation),英漢翻譯的方法很多，其中最主要的方法是直譯和意譯或直譯意譯結(jié)合。直譯不是死譯、硬譯，而是在盡量保持原文語言形式不變的基礎(chǔ)上，用地道的漢語準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)原文的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格。意譯不是亂譯、隨心所譯，而是舍其形式而取其內(nèi)容，在不拘泥于原文形式的基礎(chǔ)上準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)原文的意義。 在翻譯實(shí)踐中，我們一般堅(jiān)持“能直譯則直譯，不能直譯則意譯，必要時(shí)則把直譯和意譯結(jié)合起來”的原則。,I wrote a letter to Mary who I belived, could lend me a hand. 我寫信給我相信能借我一只手的瑪麗。 我寫信給我相信能幫助我的瑪麗。 我寫信給瑪麗，相信她能幫我。 我相信瑪麗能幫我，于是給她寫了信。,文化信息： 專有名詞：black horse, 餛燉, chain-store, 一國兩制 習(xí)語俗語： as close as an oyster It rains cats and dogs. 歸化：使翻譯文本符合譯入語的文化價(jià)值和審美情趣的翻譯方法 （用譯入語中相似的表達(dá)替換） 異化：使翻譯文本保留譯出語的語言文化特色的翻譯方法 （音譯、直譯） You are as smart as King Solomon.,我就是跳進(jìn)黃河也洗不清。 It cant make me clean even if I jump into the Yellow River. Nothing could bring back my innocence.,詞義的引申,這些問題盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)。 These problems are too complicated. 他萬萬沒有想到在他前進(jìn)的道路上會(huì)出現(xiàn)這么多攔路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 這消息讓我出了一身冷汗。 I was extremely terrified by that news. 這是他們之間的事情，你去插一腳干嘛？ Thats a business of them. Why should you get involved in it?,語義理解兩要素： Context Cultural nbackground,她正在梳頭。 一輛小車停在橋西頭。 讓我從頭講起吧。 Please tell me if you can help us. Im sure Ill beat John this time.,翻譯表達(dá)四要素：慣用搭配，感情色彩，語體和文體 He is a man of great knowledge and experience. He is a good Christian. Hes very sensitive about being small, so dont mention it. When I need advice, he is a helpful and sensitive friend.,A Brief History of Translation,中國翻譯史,佛經(jīng)翻譯,科技翻譯,西方政治思想和文學(xué)的翻譯,馬克思主義的傳播，五四之后,1,2,3,4,漢代至唐宋,明清交替之際,清末民初,民國之后,佛經(jīng)翻譯,西漢末 佛教傳入中原，東漢時(shí)開始了佛經(jīng)翻譯,安世高:佛經(jīng)漢譯的創(chuàng)始人,東漢末至西晉 主力是外籍僧人和胡裔 無書面原文，合作翻譯 直譯,佛經(jīng)翻譯,東晉至南北朝 道 安 總結(jié)了比較完善的直譯原則,集體翻譯 有了梵文原本 翻譯理論和技巧有了進(jìn)步 佛教作為統(tǒng)治的工具,南無”，是梵文Namas的音譯，讀作那謨，亦譯作“南謨”等，意為致敬、歸敬、歸命，是佛教信徒一心歸順于佛的用語，常用來加在佛、菩薩的名稱或經(jīng)典題名之前，表示對(duì)佛、法的尊敬和虔信?！鞍浲臃稹保氰笪腁mitabha的音譯，密教稱甘露王，他是“西方極樂世界”的教主，他能接引念佛人往生“西方凈土”，故又稱為“接引佛”，意譯為“無量壽佛”、“無量光佛”。阿彌陀經(jīng)稱，信徒只要一心念誦阿彌陀佛的名號(hào)并深信不疑，死后就可往生“西方極樂凈土”。,法顯,是我國有文字記載的到達(dá)中印度、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞的第一人也是世界上橫穿中亞、南亞次大陸并由南洋海路回到中國的第一人,鳩摩羅什 與真諦、玄奘、不空齊名稱四大佛經(jīng)翻譯家 金剛經(jīng) 臨終前他說：“今于眾前，發(fā)誠實(shí)誓： 若所傳無謬者，當(dāng)使焚身之后，舌不焦?fàn)€”。果然火化之后“薪滅形碎，唯舌不灰”。,唐宋時(shí)期 主譯為本國僧人為多且都精通梵漢深曉佛理譯經(jīng)計(jì)劃性強(qiáng)節(jié)譯少全譯多譯場制度完備所譯佛經(jīng)忠實(shí)原著。四大佛經(jīng)翻譯家有兩人玄奘和不空出自唐代 玄 奘 他是公認(rèn)的佛經(jīng)翻譯大師。他親自去印度取經(jīng)，帶回經(jīng)書600余卷，其中一半以上由他譯出。他主張以”信“為本兼顧其它的翻譯思想。,漢魏至隋唐期間隨著佛教文化的廣泛滲入為中國傳統(tǒng)文化帶來了數(shù)萬條詞語在漢語詞匯中留下了濃厚的佛教文化氣息使?jié)h語中的成語、詞匯更加的豐富、五彩斑斕對(duì)中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響 如：常用詞語都有近五百條。比如：現(xiàn)在、如實(shí)、