2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit19LanguageSectionⅢLesson2Lesson3—Pre_reading學(xué)案（含解析）.docx

Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 PrereadingBODY LANGUAGE SPEAKS FOR ITSELFIf you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on？ You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well, maybe passing an exam or winning a race. You would know what was going on because you understood the message conveyed by the fathers body language. Across the world, a pat on the back and a smile usually means，“Well done”Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace spoken language. Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.pat/pt/vt. & n輕拍；拍see sb. doing sth. 看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事pat sb. on the back 拍某人的背if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中would you think 是插入語(yǔ)。congratulate/knrtleIt/vt.祝賀congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝賀某人(做)某事 conveyed by . 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 the message。that consists of . spoken language 是that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾language。在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾gestures, facial expressions and body movements。兩個(gè)that 均在各自的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。be used to do 被用來(lái)做be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做communicate . to . 表達(dá)，傳達(dá)communicate . with . 與交流/溝通differ from 與不同be different from 與不同explicit/IksplIsIt/adj.明確的；清楚的 as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。while是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句，意為“而，卻”，在語(yǔ)意上表示轉(zhuǎn)折。eyebrow/aIbra/n.眉毛conveying doubt 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。肢體語(yǔ)言亦可傳情達(dá)意第12段譯文如果你看到一位父親愉快地微笑著拍他兒子的背部，你認(rèn)為會(huì)發(fā)生什么事？你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為父親在祝賀他的兒子某事做得好，也許是通過(guò)考試或者是贏得比賽。你知道發(fā)生的事情是因?yàn)槟忝靼赘赣H的肢體語(yǔ)言所表達(dá)的信息。在全世界，拍背部和微笑通常都意味著“做得好”。肢體語(yǔ)言每天都被全世界不同國(guó)家的人使用。這是一種沒(méi)有詞語(yǔ)，由手勢(shì)、面部表情和肢體動(dòng)作組成的語(yǔ)言，它極大地豐富了有時(shí)甚至取代了口頭語(yǔ)言。肢體語(yǔ)言就像其他任何語(yǔ)言一樣，被用來(lái)交流各種態(tài)度和喜怒等感情，但是與口頭語(yǔ)言不同的是，它不總是明確清楚的。某人高興地跳躍是容易看到的，而挑起眉毛表示懷疑卻更容易被人忽略。People often use body language on purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, meaning“I dont know”. However, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have a tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.on purpose/pps/故意地本段中三個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的從句均是定語(yǔ)從句。to a question 是answer的定語(yǔ)。upwards/pwdz/adv.向上地upper/p/adj.上面的unconscious/nkns/adj.無(wú)意的；不知不覺(jué)的rigid/rIdId/adj.僵硬的in a(n) . manner in a(n) . way 以方式tight/taIt/adj.繃緊的resemble/rIzembl/vt.像；與相似transparent/trnsprnt/adj.清晰易辨的；透明的as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中又含有一個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。第3段譯文人們經(jīng)常有意識(shí)地使用肢體語(yǔ)言。不知道問(wèn)題答案的人會(huì)將肩膀向上抬起，然后再放下，表示“我不知道”。然而，肢體語(yǔ)言也可以是無(wú)意識(shí)的。一個(gè)感到不舒服或緊張的人經(jīng)常會(huì)使身體處于非常僵硬的狀態(tài)，嘴巴繃緊。他們也可能交叉手臂，走起路來(lái)像機(jī)器人一樣笨拙，而不是像人。他們也許甚至意識(shí)不到自己的行為方式，但是他們的肢體語(yǔ)言將會(huì)把他們的感覺(jué)告訴任何喜歡仔細(xì)觀察的人。因此肢體語(yǔ)言可以讓人們的感覺(jué)更加外露，盡管我們可以用語(yǔ)言來(lái)掩飾我們的感受，但是用身體并不那么容易。Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool. For example, in a job interview, you will probably be feeling nervous but you wont want to appear to be in a state of unrest. You will want to appear calm with as much dignity as possible. Merely by uncrossing your arms, you will look more confident.Body language can be very useful when people do not share a common spoken language. For example, in foreign countries, it is very easy to purchase something simply by smiling and pointing at what you want. On the other hand， you can also easily show what you dont like by shaking your head. You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things you want although this can cause confusion and a few laughs too！,be/become aware of 知道，了解，意識(shí)到Learning to be aware of your body language 是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。in a state of 處于狀態(tài)unrest/nrest/n.不安with dignity 優(yōu)雅地merely/mIli/adv.只；僅僅share vt.分享purchase/ptIs/vt.購(gòu)買simply 修飾后面的by短語(yǔ)。it 為形式主語(yǔ)， 不定式短語(yǔ)to purchase . 為真正的主語(yǔ)；what you want 為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。on the other hand 另一方面negotiate/nIieIt/vt.協(xié)商；談判negotiate with sb.與某人談判outline/atlaIn/vt.勾出輪廓confusion n混淆第45段譯文學(xué)會(huì)了解你的肢體語(yǔ)言可能是一個(gè)很有用的方法。例如，在面試的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得緊張，但是你不想表現(xiàn)出不安的樣子。你想表現(xiàn)得平靜，并且盡可能優(yōu)雅。只要雙臂不交叉，你看上去就會(huì)更自信。語(yǔ)言不通時(shí)，肢體語(yǔ)言就非常有用。例如，在外國(guó)，要想買東西的話，只要面帶微笑并且指著你想買的東西就可以。另一方面，你也可以通過(guò)搖頭便可容易地表示出你不喜歡。你可以用手指討價(jià)還價(jià)，甚至可以用手比劃出你想要的東西的形狀來(lái)問(wèn)問(wèn)題盡管這會(huì)讓人迷惑不解，還會(huì)引人發(fā)笑！However, body language can sometimes be ambiguous. Although every culture around the world uses the same gestures and expressions， they use them in different ways. For example, an American tourist at a German hotel might give an “OK” sign by making a circle with his fingers. Unlike in America where this sign means everything is fine， in Germany, this gesture can cause offence. Another example is that in most cultures to nod ones head means “Yes” and to shake ones head means“No” while in some cultures the opposite is true！Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval the smile. Smiling has a high success rate so never be afraid to use it even when youre nervous and especially in foreign countries！ambiguous/mbIjus/adj.模棱兩可的Although every culture around the world . 是although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。in different ways 用不同的方法where this sign means .是關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾America。offence/fens/n.冒犯；得罪nod ones head 點(diǎn)頭shake ones head 搖頭that in most cultures . is true 是that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句中包含兩個(gè)并列分句，由并列連詞while 連接，while意為“而，卻”，在此表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。regardless of 不管，不顧(in spite of)approval/pruvl/n.贊成；贊許；批準(zhǔn)第一個(gè)that是賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，第二個(gè)that 是定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。success 是抽象名詞具體化，表示成功的人或事。第67段譯文然而，肢體語(yǔ)言有時(shí)也會(huì)引發(fā)歧義。雖然世界上的每種文化都用同樣的姿勢(shì)和表情，但他們使用的方法不同。例如，一個(gè)美國(guó)游客在一家德國(guó)旅館會(huì)用手指做出一個(gè)圓圈表示“OK”。在美國(guó)這個(gè)手勢(shì)表示一切順利，可是在德國(guó)，它卻會(huì)冒犯他人。另一個(gè)例子是在大多數(shù)文化里，點(diǎn)頭表示“是”，搖頭表示“不”，可是在其他一些文化里卻剛好相反！盡管有這些不同，世界各地的專家卻一致認(rèn)為有一種肢體語(yǔ)言是全世界都認(rèn)可的，那就是微笑。微笑傳遞信息的成功率很高，所以可以大膽使用即使當(dāng)你緊張的時(shí)候尤其在外國(guó)！PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1mate Athe feeling that sb./sth. is good or acceptable 2.relativeBtransmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity3approval Cto buy4transparent Da person who is in the same family as sb. else5purchase Eused as a friendly way of addressing sb., especially between men6explicit Ffrom a lower to a higher position7unconscious G(feelings, thoughts, etc.) existing or happening without your realizing or being aware; not deliberate or controlled8upwards Hprecisely and clearly expressed9congratulate Ito look like or be similar to another person or thing10resemble Jto tell sb. that you are pleased about their success or achievements15_610_答案：15EDABC610HGFJILeadinHow can we communicate our ideas to others? Please match the words with the pictures. music facial expressionstone of voice languageWhilereadingFastreadingScan the text and choose a heading for each paragraph. There is one extra heading.(1)Para.1AAn aid to travelers(2)Para.2BConscious and unconscious body language(3)Para.3 CThe disadvantages of smiling(4)Para.4DWhy body language can be confusing(5)Para.5 EIntroduction(6)Para.6 FWhat is body language(7)Para.7 GConcluding statement HBeing aware(1)(5)_(6)(7)_答案：(1)(5)EFBHA(6)(7)DGCarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1The father showed his satisfaction to his son by _.Asmiling and patting his son on the backBpatting his sons head and smilingCcrossing his hands before his bodyDwaving his hands and cheering2Spoken language is different from body language because the latter is _.Anot always clear in meaningBsometimes simple and shortCbrief to convey the feelingsDoften doubtful to others3The third paragraph mainly tells us _.Abody language varies in different culturesBbody language is unconsciousChow to make appropriate gesturesDwhat are the most common gestures4In the fifth paragraph, the word “negotiate” can be taken the place of by “_”Acut downBraiseCdecide Dbargain5From the sixth paragraph we can infer we must pay much attention to _ of body language.Athe offence Bthe importanceCthe differences Dthe developments答案：15AABDC() Fill in the blanks according to the text.Body Language Speaks for ItselfWhat is body languageBody language is a language that consists of 1.gestures,2.facial_expressions and body movements.It can be used 3.to_convey both attitudes and feelings.Sometimes it is not 4.explicit.People use bodylanguagePeople often use body language 5.on_purpose.But sometimes it is 6.unconscious.7.Being_aware_of body language can be useful in some circumstances.Body language does not always mean the same thingBody language can sometimes be 8.ambiguous.So be careful when using it.Across the world, a 9.pat on 10.the back and a smile usually means, “Well done”.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on?句式分析嘗試翻譯如果你看到一位父親愉快地微笑著拍他兒子的背部，你認(rèn)為會(huì)發(fā)生什么事？2It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace spoken language.句式分析本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而是主從復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾language，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾gestures, facial expressions and body movements。嘗試翻譯這是一種沒(méi)有詞語(yǔ)，由手勢(shì)、面部表情和肢體動(dòng)作組成的語(yǔ)言，它極大地豐富了有時(shí)甚至取代了口頭語(yǔ)言。3Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)as在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在該從句中又含有although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)as用作副詞，表示程度。嘗試翻譯因此肢體語(yǔ)言可以讓人們的感覺(jué)更加外露，盡管我們可以用語(yǔ)言來(lái)掩飾我們的感受，但是用身體并不那么容易。4Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval the smile.句式分析嘗試翻譯盡管有這些不同，世界各地的專家卻一致認(rèn)為有一種肢體語(yǔ)言是全世界都認(rèn)可的，那就是微笑。.閱讀理解ASince animals think in pictures, one can “talk” to them without words.For example, there are hand signals that convey everything from “sit” to “Ill be back soon.”In dog language, being petted (撫摸) on top of the head by a stranger is an aggressive act.Try a more calm approach; crouch down (蹲下) or stand with your side turned to the dog, dont make eye contact for very long, keep words to a whisper and wait for the dog to approach you.Then pet the side closest to you.Never reach over a dog.If you decide to touch a dogs head, it is much nicer to go for the side of the face or under the chin.Calming signals are used in most dogtodog interactions to avoid or end conflict.If we understand these often gestures, we have a better chance of being sympathetic and living in harmony with dogs.Has your dog ever yawned (打哈欠), and you thought he was tired？Well, yawning is generally a calming signal.The dog is trying to tell another dog or his owner that the moment is too intense for example, when we play or train too hard with our dogs and everyone needs a break.Here are some other common calming signals：Turning the head to avoid eye contact when meeting.This is like saying，“Nothing to worry about here.”Nose licking, scratching or refusal to look in your direction.These are often used to let people know they are pets, playing or training too intensely.Take a break or change your approach.Hip or butt bumps.These say, “I like and trust you，” or “Would you mind scratching my back？”Cocking head from side to side.Dogs may do this when they hear a strange noise or when you try to tell them a story.It means something like, “Im not quite sure I understand.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是說(shuō)明文。人與人之間通常用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流，但動(dòng)物之間的交流主要是非語(yǔ)言的。文章主要介紹了狗的一些肢體語(yǔ)言。1Which of the following is NOT an aggressive act in dog language?AReaching over a dog.BMaking eye contact for very long.CA strangers petting on top of the head.DTouching the side of a dogs face or under the chin.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，撫摸狗的側(cè)臉或者下巴下面的部位是恰當(dāng)?shù)?，?duì)狗來(lái)說(shuō)不是侵犯性的舉動(dòng)。2Calming signals among dogs can _.Ahelp avoid or end conflictBmake dogs sympathetic to each otherChelp dogs understand different gesturesDhelp dogs make friends with other dogs解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，在狗與狗的交流中，calming signals主要用來(lái)避免或終止沖突。3When a dog yawns, it _.Afeels relaxedBwants to playCneeds a break Dwants to sleep解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，狗打哈欠時(shí)想傳達(dá)的信息是：它需要休息一下。4What will your dog do if it doesnt know what you want to express?ABump its hip or butt.BCock its head from side to side.CRefuse to look in your direction.DTurn the head to avoid eye contact.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)狗沒(méi)有明白別人的意思時(shí)，它會(huì)仰著頭左右晃動(dòng)。BIn the early 1970s, David McNeill, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago, was giving a talk in a Paris lecture hall when something queer caught his eye. There was a woman in the back of the room moving her arms in a way that seemed to convey exactly what he was saying. It took him a moment to realize that she was speaking, too, and another to realize that she was an interpreter, translating his words into French. For McNeill, that moment of confusion made him realize that gesture and speech are not as separate as they seem.Gesture researchers have spent the past 40 years uncovering how movements are tied to speech. Regardless of their spoken language or culture, humans gesture when they talk. They gesture even if they have never seen gestures before people who have been blind since birth do it and they gesture even if theyre talking to someone on the phone and know no one can see them. When speech is interrupted, so is gesture. In fact, gesture is so tightly bound to language that differences between languages show up as differences in gesture. In other words, the way you package your thoughts into speech is also how you package them into movement.Researchers are especially interested in the times when gestures dont match speech. The mismatch can be a valuable window to whats going on in the mind. For example, until about 7 years of age, children dont understand that if you pour a tall glass of water into a shorter, wider glass, the amount of water stays the same. They think the shorter glass contains less water. When asked to explain their reasoning, some children will say, “This one is shorter，” while gesturing that the glass is wider. That discrepancy (矛盾) shows they subconsciously grasp that both dimensions are important.When we speak, we put our thoughts into words, and when we gesture, we put our thoughts into our hands. But gestures dont just show what were thinking they actually help us think. Toddlers (初學(xué)走路的孩子) who are encouraged to gesture tend to start producing more words. Adults involved in various problemsolving tasks do better when they are encouraged to gesture. Putting ideas into motions brings us closer to grasping what we need to grasp.5Which can best replace the underlined word “queer” in Paragraph 1?AStrange. BTerrible.CBoring. DFunny.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。由下文那位女士做手勢(shì)、講話、翻譯的情節(jié)及段末的“that moment of confusion”可推斷，那位女士的表現(xiàn)很奇怪。6What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?ANewborn babies dont gesture.BGesture and language are closely related.CBabies learn to gesture from their parents.DPeople gesture when they talk face to face.解析：選B段落大意題。由第二段中的“how movements are tied to speech”及“gesture is so tightly bound to language that”以及所舉例子可推斷，本段主要是說(shuō)手勢(shì)和語(yǔ)言是緊密聯(lián)系的。7Through kids gestures in the example of glasses, researchers know _.Akids often ignore glasses shapesBkids under 7 are not good at gesturingCkids prefer taller glasses to shorter onesDkids can realize the importance of glasses widths解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段末的“while gesturing that the glass is wider . both dimensions are important”可知，通過(guò)孩子們的手勢(shì)可以知道他們能夠意識(shí)到玻璃容器寬度的重要性。8Gesturing makes people _.Amore persuasiveBget distracted more easilyCfeel discouraged while talkingDthink and express more effectively解析：選D推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，被鼓勵(lì)做手勢(shì)的孩子表達(dá)能力會(huì)比較強(qiáng)；成年人做手勢(shì)可以幫助思考進(jìn)而解決問(wèn)題。據(jù)此可推斷，做手勢(shì)幫助人們更有效地思考和表達(dá)。CCamp FriendshipJoin our summer Camp Friendship 2018.Who: Children age 314 who need to work on social, communication, and friendship skills.What: A superfun summer program with tons of indoor & outdoor playtime, games, arts & crafts, water play, sports, and more！Kids will also work on school preparedness skills such as following the timetable, working with a group, waiting nicely, etc.Where: 210 East Broad Street in Falls Church, VA!When: Hours are 9 am3 pm; aftercare is provided (for an additional cost) from 35 pm.Session (期) 1: July 1014 & 1721Session 2: July 2428 & July 31Aug 4Why: Making friends isnt always easy！At our program, kids will have tons of fun working on friendship skills while doing all kinds of fun camplike activities.Children who apply should be both verbal and conversational.We always have at least a 14 adult to child ratio (比率)Children under age 6 as of July 10, 2018 may attend no more than 2 consecutive (連續(xù)的) weeks of camp. How to sign up：1)Complete the application form.2)We will contact you to set up a “get to know you” intake playdate (for younger kids) or meet and greet (for older kids) with other applicants.You ma