高三英語復(fù)習(xí)課件“特殊句型”.ppt

,Class 21 Grade 3 Revision 2013.4.29 x,1.倒裝句型、強調(diào)句型中的主謂一致。,2.強調(diào)句型中被強調(diào)的代詞的格應(yīng)與原句一致。,3.否定副詞、由only修飾的狀語、so / such置于句首時的倒裝。,4.陳述部分帶有must / may時的反意疑問句。,5.省略和替代主要考查:,(1)并列句和狀語從句中的省略; (2)動詞不定式的省略;,(3)so, not的替代作用;,(4)do, do it / do that / do so的替代作用。,一、強調(diào)句,強調(diào)句型可強調(diào)句子中的主語、賓語和狀語等成分,但不能強調(diào)定語和謂語。被強調(diào)部分可以是單詞、短語,也可以是從句。被強調(diào)的代詞格應(yīng)與原句一致;被強調(diào)的部分如果是原句的主語,who / that后的謂語在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與原句的主語保持一致。,考點1 強調(diào)句型用于強調(diào)陳述句 形式:it is / was+被強調(diào)部分+that / who.,It is English that is the most widely used in the world nowadays. 在當(dāng)今世界使用最廣泛的是英語。,It is what you usually do that really matters. 真正重要的是你平常的所作所為。,It was the man that was dressed in black that helped to catch the thief. 正是穿黑衣服的那個人幫助逮住了小偷。,It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work. 是因為母親生了病她才沒來上班。,考點2 強調(diào)句型用于強調(diào)一般疑問句,形式:Is / Was it+被強調(diào)部分+that / who.? (that / who從句中的謂語動詞要用陳述語序),Is it Professor Wang that / who teaches you English? 是王教授教你們英語的嗎?,Was it in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started? 現(xiàn)代奧運會始于1896年嗎?,注:還可以把強調(diào)句型用于賓語從句中,但要注意語序的變化。,I wonder if it was in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started.,考點3 強調(diào)句型用于強調(diào)特殊疑問句,形式:疑問詞+is / was it that / who.? (that / who從句中的謂語動詞要用陳述語序),Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是誰?,When was it that he called me yesterday? 他昨天給我打電話是在什么時候?,注:還可以把強調(diào)句型用于賓語從句中,但要注意語序的變化。,I dont know when it was that he called me yesterday.,考點4 強調(diào)句型用于強調(diào)“not.until.”句型和“only+狀語.”句型。,形式:It is / was not until.that.(that從句中的謂語動詞要用陳述語序),It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到十點鐘他才去睡覺。,普通句型:He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.,倒裝句型:Not until ten oclock did he go to bed.,考點5 變式強調(diào)句型,變式1:It must / may / might be.that.一定是（可能是）,變式2:It must / may / might have been.that.,變式3:It cant / couldnt be.that不可能是，.,變式4:Can / Could it be.that.可能會是,It must be my book that he is reading. 他在看的一定是我的書。,Could it be Tom that is making the noise? 會是湯姆弄出這種噪音的嗎?,考點6 強調(diào)句型與狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別,判斷是否是強調(diào)句型,可先把it is / was.that.去掉,如果剩下的部分無論在語法上還是在意義上都仍然是完整的句子,那么就是強調(diào)句型,否則就不是。,It was at eight oclock that he arrived home.( ),It was eight oclock when he arrived home.( ),It was at eight oclock when he was walking along the street.( ),It was two years ago that I began to learn English.( ),強調(diào)句型,時間狀語從句,定語從句,強調(diào)句型,It is two years since I began to learn English.(時間狀語從句),It was two years before I began to learn English.(時間狀語從句),考點7 謂語動詞的強調(diào),強調(diào)句型It is / was.that.不能強調(diào)謂語動詞,如果強調(diào)謂語動詞,要用組動詞do, does或did。但謂語動詞必須是實意動詞,且只能是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。,I do think you are a good cook,He did write to you last week.,另外,do還可用于對祈使句的強調(diào)。,Do come this evening!,Do be careful!,二、倒裝句,英語句子的自然語序是主語在前,謂語動詞在后。把謂語動詞放在主語之前,就叫倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果全部謂語放在主語之前,叫完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前,就叫部分倒裝。,(一)完全倒裝,考點1 “There be +主語+.”結(jié)構(gòu),在“There be +主語+.”結(jié)構(gòu)中,be有時用stand / exist / lie / live,/ flow等不及物動詞代替。,There stood an old man under the tree. 樹下站著一位老人。,考點2 Here / There / Now / Then / Thus +不及物動詞+主語,There goes the bell. Lets go into the lecture hall. 鈴響了,咱們進入演講大廳吧。,考點3 Out / In / Up / Down / Away / Off / Back / Over +不及物動詞+主語,Away flew the birds. 鳥兒飛走了。,考點4 介詞短語(表地點)+不及物動詞+主語 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墻上掛著兩張巨幅畫像。,考點5 表語部分+聯(lián)系動詞+主語(表語可以是形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞),Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授,還有其他許多客人。,考點6 Such + be +主語,Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事實就是這樣,沒有人可以否認(rèn)。,(二)部分倒裝,考點1 So / Neither / Nor +助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(表示前一句的內(nèi)容也適合另一人或另一物),Lily cant play table-tennis. Neither can I. 莉莉不會打乒乓球,我也不會。,比較:So +主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞。(后面一個句子只是肯定或重復(fù)前句的內(nèi)容),It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。,So it was. 的確如此。,考點2 表示否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首時引起的倒裝,放在句首引起倒裝的副詞或短語有:not, no, nowhere, little, nev-er, hardly, scarcely, barely, seldom, in no time, at on time, by no means, in no way, not until, not only, no sooner.than., hardly.when.等。,By no means shall we give up. 我們絕不會放棄。,Never have I read the book. 我從來沒看過這本書。,她地震之后非常緊張,很快就回到中國.,考點3 在so / such.that.句型中,so / such放在句首時引起的倒裝,So nervous was she that she returned to China shortly after the earth-quake.,考點4 “only +狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”置于句首時引起的倒裝,Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在朋友來了之后,電腦才修好。,考點5 省略了if的虛擬條件句中的倒裝(當(dāng)條件狀語從句中有were,had, should時),Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早復(fù)習(xí)了功課,你可能就通過考試了。,Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨,我們就去野餐。,考點6 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,表語、狀語或謂語動詞放在as之前,構(gòu)成“表語/狀語/謂語動詞+as +主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。,Hard as he studied, he failed the examination. 盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很用功,但是還是沒及格。,考點7 however / whatever或no matter how / what引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),however / whatever或no matter how / what引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,連同它們所修飾的部分放在句首,后邊用陳述語序。,However difficult it is, Ill work it out on time. 不管它有多困難,我都會按時解決。,考點8 the more.the more.句式,在“the more.the more.句式”中,常把the more連同它修飾的部分放在句首。,The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,進步就會越大。,考點9 how / what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,how / what引導(dǎo)感嘆句時,連同它們所修飾的部分放在句首,后邊用陳述語序。,(1)What + a / an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!,(2)What +形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!,(3)How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!,(4)How +形容詞+ a / an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!,(5)How +主語+謂語!,What a nice girl she is! How nice a girl she is ! What nice girls they are! How nice these girls are! What dirty water you are drinking!,考點三、特殊的反疑問句,當(dāng)must / may等情態(tài)動詞用來對現(xiàn)在的情況進行“推測”時,疑問部分的謂語要根據(jù)去掉must之后的謂語動詞情況采用相應(yīng)的形式。,You must be tired, arent you? 你一定累了,是嗎?,3.must可表示對過去的或完成的情況進行推測(must + have +過去分詞),如強調(diào)對過去情況的推測(一般有表示過去的時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用“過去式的助動詞+主語”;若強調(diào)動作的完成(一般沒有表示過去的時間狀語),疑問部分的謂語動詞用“havent / hasnt +主語”。,He must have met her yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定見過她,是嗎?,You must have seen the film, havent you? 你肯定看過這部電影,是嗎?,考點3 當(dāng)陳述部分有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, no, nothing, nobody / no one, nowhere等否定詞時,疑問部分要用肯定形式。,She hardly knows French, does she? 她幾乎不懂法語,是嗎?,四、省略與替代,考點1 在when, unless, while, if, though, as, as long as, whenever,wherever, as soon as等詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若從句主語和主句主語一致,且從句中包含be動詞時,用連詞直接跟分詞或形容詞/介詞短語等結(jié)構(gòu)。,Though poor, his parents managed to send him to college. 他的父母盡管很窮,還是設(shè)法把他送進了大學(xué)。,考點2 在when, where, if等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,如果連詞后是“it is + adj.”時,可以省略it is,用連詞直接跟adj.,I will go with you if necessary. 如果需要的話,我可以和你一起去。,考點3 動詞性替代,1.用do的各種形式來替代實意動詞,若是及物動詞,須帶賓語。,She plays the piano better than Mary does (plays) the guitar. 她鋼琴彈得比瑪麗的吉他彈得好。,2.用do so的各種形式來替代動賓結(jié)構(gòu)或動狀結(jié)構(gòu)。,He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? (do so = smoke a lot) 他抽煙很兇。他兄弟也這樣嗎?,考點4 分句性替代,1.so和not與believe, think, expect, imagine, suppose, hope, afraid等詞連用,代替句子。,Will it rain today? 今天會下雨嗎?,I think so. ( I think it will rain.) 我認(rèn)為會下雨。,考點5 動詞不定式to的替代,動詞不定式to替代承前的內(nèi)容,可用于下列詞語的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)中。,1.形容詞:afraid, glad, happy, be willing to, be able to, etc.,2.動詞:like, love, expect, manage, try, hope, wish, pretend, refuse, agree, want, afford, fail, forget, remember, used to, have to, ought to, etc.,He doesnt visit me as much as he used to. 他不像以前那樣經(jīng)常來看我了。,注意:若承前省略的不定式內(nèi)容是be或作助動詞用的have時,to后要保留be或have。,Are you a member of the club? 你是這個俱樂部的成員嗎?,No, but Id like to be. 不是,不過我想加入這個俱樂部。,Did you attend Toms birthday party yesterday? 你昨天參加了湯姆的生日聚會嗎? Id like to have, but I was too busy. 我本想去,但是我太忙了。,1.(2011) Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place hed been in last year.,A.he realized B.he did realize,C.realized he D.did he realize,【答案與解析】D 本題考查倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。Only修飾狀語(從句)置于句首時,主句需要部分倒裝,故選D項。,2.(2011重慶)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?,Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.,A.tha