初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式.ppt

,動(dòng)詞不定式用法歸納,動(dòng)詞形式基本分類(lèi)（除去時(shí)態(tài)）,動(dòng)詞原形：do如：swim,動(dòng)詞不定式：todo如：toswim,動(dòng)詞ing形式：doing如：swimming,不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)：,to+do(動(dòng)詞原形)HeplansgotoJinanforaholiday.,to,注：to只是一個(gè)符號(hào)，起結(jié)構(gòu)作用，無(wú)任何實(shí)際意義,Hetoldmenottoclosethedoor.Heaskedmenottoclosethedoor.,不定式的句式：,Hetoldmetoclosethedoor.Heaskedmetoclosethedoor.,not+to+do,肯定式：todo,tellsb.todosth.,asksb.todosth.,tellsb.nottodosth.,asksb.nottodosth.,否定式：,不定式的特點(diǎn)：Shewantedtobeateacher.Wedecidetogivesomemoneytothepoor.,1)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不能做謂語(yǔ),2)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。,不定式的句法功能：動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能,可在句中用做多種句子成分。主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ),句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu):TolearnEnglishiseasy.Togetupearlyisimportant.,返回,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)。,主語(yǔ):,主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，頭重腳輕,主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，頭重腳輕。用it代替其做形式主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)句型：Its+adj+todosth.學(xué)英語(yǔ)很容易。早起是重要的。對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很容易。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)早起是重要的。以前還學(xué)過(guò)類(lèi)似的句子：Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.Itsniceofhimtotakecareofhisyoungbrother.,ItseasytolearnEnglish.,Itsimportanttogetupearly.,Itseasy_tolearnEnglish.,Itsimportant_togetupearly.,句型：Its+adj+ofsb.todosth.,如果說(shuō)對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做什么事是怎樣的怎么辦？也就是需要體現(xiàn)這些行為的邏輯主語(yǔ)，那怎么辦？,forus,forhim,句型：Its+adj+forsb.todosth.,形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ),區(qū)別：Its+adj+forsb.todosth.Its+adj+ofsb.todosth.注:for形容詞修飾的是動(dòng)作；of形容的是人：,Itsfoolish_youtoasksuchsillyquestions.Itsimportant_metolearnmathswell.Itspolite_youtoknockonthedoorbeforeyoucomein.,for,of,of,賓語(yǔ)Iwouldliketoseeyourphotos.Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.特殊(一）：,類(lèi)似詞:want,agree,hope,decide,agree,start,begin,love,like,hate,prefer等。注意：斜體既可以todo也可以doing,但區(qū)別不大,likedoing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，liketodo指一次性的動(dòng)作Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜歡游泳,但我現(xiàn)在不想游。,賓語(yǔ)特殊（二）：stop,forget,remember,等詞或短語(yǔ)后面可以接todo與doing,但意思大不相同。stoptodosth.:停下來(lái)去做另一件事stopdoing：停止正在做的事情forgettodo:忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.:忘記做過(guò)某事remembertodosth.:記著要做某事rememberdoingsth.:記著已做了某事Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstopped_；whenhecameout,thestudentsstopped_(talk),talking,totalk,特殊句式：在findfeelitadj.todosth句型中，it是形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。ThemanfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞后要帶to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例:IaskedafriendtoreadittomeItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite(2)在表示感覺(jué)、致使等意義的動(dòng)詞(feel,listento,hear,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,find,help等)后不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursadayIheardhersinginthenextroom,返回,表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)HiswishistobecomeascientistOurdutyistoprotecttheenvironment.判斷：Myworkis_(teach)inthisschoolnow.I_(teach)inthisschoolnow.,返回,這些行為不是wish、duty發(fā)出的，而這些行為的發(fā)出者只能是人，所以不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)。,toteach,amteaching,HiswishisbecomingascientistOurdutyisprotectingtheenvironment.,定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞、代詞的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.IhavealotofworktodoThedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy,返回,Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？,特殊情況:如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein,作狀語(yǔ)a.目的狀語(yǔ):放在go,come,use,live,inorder等詞后面.如：IcometoseeyouHerunsfastinordertogetthereintimeTheybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookat.b.原因狀語(yǔ):放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等詞后面。如：IamgladtoseeyouhereIamsorrytotroubleyouc.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如:SomeoftheapplesarehardtoreachTheroomislargeenoughtohold1000people特殊情況：tootoSheistooyoungtolookafterherself.,返回,“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”用法不式前可帶what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑問(wèn)詞,這種不定式短語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)等。例:Hedidnttellmewheretogo.（直賓）Idontknowwhattosaynow.（賓語(yǔ)）Idontknowwhattodonext.（賓語(yǔ)）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer(賓補(bǔ)）Itsstillaquestionhowtogetthere(主語(yǔ)),返回,練習(xí)：1.Itstimeforus_(have)supper2.Wouldyoulike_(go)shoppingwithme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_(work)outtheproblem4.Heisoldenough_(join)thearmy5.Ifeelitstrange_(have)atwinsister6.Iamveryglad_(meet)youhere7.Wesawthem_(come)intotheroomjustnow8.Whathesaidmademe_(feel)sorry9.IamsorryIforgot_(tell)youthenews10.Hisplanis_(spend)afewdaysinthemountains11.Haveyougotanything_(say)?12.Haveyo