CentOS下NFS服務(wù)器配置實(shí)例.doc

CentOS下NFS服務(wù)器配置實(shí)例 2011-02-23 16:54:41標(biāo)簽：CentOS NFS 服務(wù)器 原創(chuàng)作品，允許轉(zhuǎn)載，轉(zhuǎn)載時請務(wù)必以超鏈接形式標(biāo)明文章 原始出處 、作者信息和本聲明。否則將追究法律責(zé)任。/318402/498952 一，應(yīng)用環(huán)境介紹：用途操作系統(tǒng)IP地址服務(wù)器端CentOS 5.2 X86_6421客戶端CentOS 5.2 X86_6422二，NFS相關(guān)軟件的安裝：rootyouxia122 # yum -y install portmap nfs*三，服務(wù)器端配置：1，創(chuàng)建共享的目錄：rootyouxia121 data# mkidr /usr/local/data/2，修改NFS配置文件：rootyouxia121 data# vi /etc/exports/usr/local/data/ 22(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)注：配置文件說明：/usr/local/data/ 為共享的目錄，使用絕對路徑。22(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync) 為客戶端的地址及權(quán)限，地址可以是一個網(wǎng)段，一個IP地址或者是一個域名，域名支持通配符，如：*.，地址與權(quán)限中間沒有空格，權(quán)限說明：rw：read-write，可讀寫；ro：read-only，只讀；sync：文件同時寫入硬盤和內(nèi)存；async：文件暫存于內(nèi)存，而不是直接寫入內(nèi)存；no_root_squash：NFS客戶端連接服務(wù)端時如果使用的是root的話，那么對服務(wù)端分享的目錄來說，也擁有root權(quán)限。顯然開啟這項(xiàng)是不安全的。root_squash：NFS客戶端連接服務(wù)端時如果使用的是root的話，那么對服務(wù)端分享的目錄來說，擁有匿名用戶權(quán)限，通常他將使用nobody或nfsnobody身份；all_squash：不論NFS客戶端連接服務(wù)端時使用什么用戶，對服務(wù)端分享的目錄來說都是擁有匿名用戶權(quán)限；anonuid：匿名用戶的UID值，通常是nobody或nfsnobody，可以在此處自行設(shè)定；anongid：匿名用戶的GID值。四，啟動NFS服務(wù)器并進(jìn)行測試：1，啟動NFS服務(wù)器：rootyouxia121 data# service portmap start啟動 portmap：確定rootyouxia121 data# service nfs start啟動 NFS 服務(wù)： 確定關(guān)掉 NFS 配額：確定啟動 NFS 守護(hù)進(jìn)程：確定啟動 NFS mountd：確定2，在客戶端進(jìn)行測試：創(chuàng)建需要掛載的目錄：rootyouxia122 local# mkdir /usr/local/data/執(zhí)行掛載命令：rootyouxia122 local# mount -t nfs 21:/usr/local/data /usr/local/data -o proto=tcp -o nolock在客戶端創(chuàng)建一個測試文件并進(jìn)行檢查：rootyouxia122 # cd /usr/local/data/rootyouxia122 data# echo this is a test /usr/local/data/heheherootyouxia122 data# ll -h總計(jì) 8.0K-rw-r-r- 1 root root 15 02-23 16:47 hehehe在服務(wù)器端檢查：rootyouxia121 usr# ll -h /usr/local/data/總計(jì) 8.0K-rw-r-r- 1 root root 15 02-23 16:47 heheh五，我在配置中遇到的問題：1，在啟動NFS服務(wù)器的時候遇到的一個問題如下，原因在于NFS配置文件中地址與權(quán)限中間多了一個空格，去掉空格重新啟動即可：rootyouxia121 local# service nfs restart關(guān)閉 NFS mountd：確定關(guān)閉 NFS 守護(hù)進(jìn)程：確定關(guān)閉 NFS 服務(wù)： 確定啟動 NFS 服務(wù)： exportfs: No options for /usr/local/data/ 22: suggest 22(sync) to avoid warningexportfs: No host name given with /usr/local/data (rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync), suggest *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync) to avoid warning確定關(guān)掉 NFS 配額：確定啟動 NFS 守護(hù)進(jìn)程：確定啟動 NFS mountd：確定2，客戶端在掛載的時候遇到的一個問題如下，可能是網(wǎng)絡(luò)不太穩(wěn)定，NFS默認(rèn)是用UDP協(xié)議，換成TCP協(xié)議即可：rootyouxia122 local# mount -t nfs 21:/usr/local/data /usr/local/datamount.nfs: Input/output error解決方法：mount -t nfs 21:/usr/local/data /usr/local/data -o proto=tcp -o nolockNFS的安裝配置：centos 5 :yum install nfs-utils portmapcentos 6 :yum install nfs-utils rpcbind本節(jié)是使用centos 6的配置過程：設(shè)備：兩臺 centos6 OS 安裝的時候選擇的是Basic Server軟件配置包。首先，讓兩臺機(jī)器都安裝NFS的 軟件包，如下顯示的是服務(wù)器端：rootroothomes /home$ yum install nfs-utils rpcbindLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: * extras: * updates: Setting up Install ProcessPackage rpcbind-0.2.0-8.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest versionResolving Dependencies- Running transaction check- Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6 set to be updated- Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=Package Arch Version Repository Size=Updating:nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6 base 308 kTransaction Summary=Install 0 Package(s)Upgrade 1 Package(s)Total download size: 308 kIs this ok y/N: yDownloading Packages:nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.el6.x86_64.rpm | 308 kB 00:10warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEYbase/gpgkey | 3.3 kB 00:00 .Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6Is this ok y/N: yRunning rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.el6.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.2-7.el6.x86_64 2/2Updated: nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-15.el6Complete!rootroothomes /home$服務(wù)器端：#(建立掛載的目錄，并且掛載目錄。)rootroothomes /etc$ mkdir /opt/centos6rootroothomes /etc$ cd /opt/centos6/rootroothomes /opt/centos6$ mkdir thisISnfsFilerootroothomes /opt/centos6$ lsthisISnfsFilerootroothomes /etc$ vi /etc/exportsrootroothomes /opt/centos6$ cat /etc/exports/opt/centos6 /24(ro,no_root_squash)# 備注:/opt/centos6表示nfs共享的目錄 -54區(qū)間的IP可以訪問，訪問權(quán)限是自讀，root 用戶#(啟動對應(yīng)的服務(wù))rootroothomes /opt/centos6$ chkconfig nfs onrootroothomes /opt/centos6$ /etc/init.d/rpcbind startrootroothomes /opt/centos6$ /etc/init.d/nfs startStarting NFS services: OK Starting NFS quotas: OK Starting NFS daemon: OK Starting NFS mountd: OK rootroothomes /opt/centos6$ service iptables stopiptables: Flushing firewall rules: OK iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter OK iptables: Unloading modules:三 OK 客戶端：rootroothomes /home$ yum install nfs-utils rpcbind安裝完畢！rootvmBS00 # service iptables stopiptables: Flushing firewall rules: OK iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter OK iptables: Unloading modules: OK #查看是否能訪問nfs服務(wù)rootvmBS00 # showmount -e 5Export list for 5:/opt/centos6 /24rootvmBS00 # mkdir /opt/centos6rootvmBS00 # mount -t nfs 5:/opt/centos6/ /opt/centos6/rootvmBS00 # ls /opt/centos6/thisISnfsFile#配置開機(jī)自動掛載rootvmBS00 # vi /etc/fstab#