外文翻譯--消防車專用底盤的市場需求及配置方案分析

32 附 錄 A Dedicated fire engine chassis configuration of the market demand and program analysis Mahoney.G Through research that the market volume of fire, in 2002 2 800 2003 3 000 vehicles in 2005 is expected to reach 4 000. Market demand for the vehicles on fire in the main, mainly for heavy vehicles. One medium (containing the quality of 8 10 t) accounted for 40% of the total market, heavy trucks accounted for 60% of the total market and market share of heavy vehicles a rapid upward trend. From the regional market, the domestic medium-sized southern region the use of fire engines, to occupy a market share of 60%, 30% heavy vehicles, and the remaining 10% of the basic 5 t for the following vehicles； the northern region accounts for 50% of medium-sized vehicles,40% of heavy vehicles, and the remaining 5 t for the following vehicles. Existing market structure fire in the cab, more a 4 door double cab seat, representing about 80% of the total market. However, products currently cab chassis is generally flat or semi-exclusive single-row, manufacturers of fire engines are hand-completed restructuring of the double cab, the interior after the reform with the original vehicle interior is not well unified. Configuration analysis of market demand (1) Cab: Request for two-row, four door, back door and the front door using the same two time as much as possible to wide, usually 800 mm 850 mm, in order to fast access to the members. At the same time, the crew requested that the second row seat is reserved space for installation of air-breathing apparatus, that is, away from the door after the hoardings column 200 mm 230 mm. Crew of 4 to 6 people. Indoor driving force control access to configuration control and configuration of hydraulic double flip device driver. (2) Engine: Model of the general requirements for engine power 157 172 kW； heavy vehicle engine power requirements for the 209 261 kW. To the whole engine with governor, at the same time in line with the European emission standard. - 33 (3) check of Power: Request for the sandwich-type configuration check our full power, and the output speed of about 3 000 rpm, the engine rotation to the same ratio to the specific requirements of fire pumps in accordance with the choice. Power output flange from the center is to be located in the center line of the location of the frame, the center distance of the frame on the plane about 160 mm. (4) fuel tank, reservoir pump and air filter arrangement of requirements: the requirements of small volume fuel tank, 180 200 L capacity, Drum. Reserve pump beam at the inside of the requirements for easy layout modification. Vertical space requirements of the installation of filters on the cab back, ease of maintenance and installation, at the same time, to meet the larger frame length can be used. (5) Wheelbase: medium requested about 4 500 mm wheelbase, wheelbase requirement for heavy vehicles in the 4 200 mm 4 500 mm (+ 1 350 mm). Existing resources and analysis of the situation (1) as a result of a fire engine chassis require more personalized, two-row seat cab chassis plant in general very difficult to accomplish, most of the existing manual system used to complete the cost of the basic restructuring of the 111 million. (2) typically selected from edge Qinchuan Gear Factory in Shaanxi Province and part of a fire engine manufacturers to develop their full power from the power device. Model of Power in price from 0.17 million yuan in about heavy vehicles access prices of Power 113 115 million. (3) are the installation of chassis imported fire engines from full power force, and made only Chongqing Isuzu chassis supporting the development of power from full power, and not to install. Domestic market demand for fire engines are about 3 000 per year. How to give full play to the advantages of Chinese-made chassis, revitalize national industry, vigorously develop the domestic fire engines, each chassis manufacturers should pay attention to the issue, otherwise, continuing influx of foreign brands in today, we will lose this part of the conversion of their own car market. Domestic and foreign production of foam fire engines used to provide the vehicle manufacturer General Motors chassis II. Its dedicated power devices include access, and water tank foam, equipment boxes, pumping stations, fire pumps, vacuum pumps, the proportion of mixed foam and fire guns and other devices of its working principle is: - 34 through the power device from the vehicle chassis engine power output and by a gear-driven fire pump through the fire pump and foam mixing ratio of water and foam device according to a certain percentage of mixed, and then by the gun fire and fire-fighting foam extinguishing gun smoke. Therefore, the request must meet certain chassis and engine power of the load. At present, national standards have been developed, based on the chassis selected GB6244286 generic fire engine chassis series, type, the basic parameters and technical requirements of the national standards for selection, according to industry standards GA3915292 General technical requirements foam fire engine, the requirements of Appendix A choice of engines power to meet its requirements. Power output device Domestic use of foam fire engines from the main vehicle engine power means taking power device layout can take many forms, and heavy-duty foam fire engines currently in use are placed in power will take the main transmission between the clutch and get the sandwich-type force device (front-transmission) and check power transmission shaft (rear-mounted transmission) in two forms. Check the use of sandwich-type main engine power will take out the power transmitted by the drive system of pumps, pump-driven operation, can achieve double-action feature. At present, most of the use of this form. Water - foam tank Water - foam tank foam fire extinguishing agent fire engines on the loading of the main container, in accordance with the development of the industry can fire a variety of materials, on behalf of the last century the use of glass fiber reinforced polyester material, now that the application of the progressive development of high-quality carbon steel materials and stainless steel materials. Equipment boxes The use of equipment boxes welded steel frame structure, with enough aluminum alloy or steel plate. In recent years, the equipment layout of the internal structure of box can be divided into four types: fixed-delimited file type, that is, separated by files of various framework is fixed, non-regulation； activities separated by file type, that is separated from the framework of the production of aluminum alloy profiles located within the Des pattern plate, adjustable interval； sliding drawer type, that is, the production of push-pull drawer for easy access to the form of equipment, but the production of more complex； rotating frame, - 35 the separation of file system is about to make a small rotating equipment can be separated files, foreign The import of this form of use of fire engines. At present, the new models made use of the integrated use of four forms, Structured according to the actual layout. Fire pump At present, the foam fire engine fire pump configuration can be broadly classified into three categories: pressure pump (low pressure pump), or single-stage centrifugal pump, such as BS30, BS60, BS40, R100 (imported), etc.； in the combination of low pressure fire pumps, multi-stage centrifugal pump. If 20110/20 140,20110 / 30 160,20110 / 35170, KSP1000 (imported), etc.； high and low pressure pump, such as the NH20, NH30 (imports), 40110 / 6 130 and so on. Equipped with fire pumps in the home and post the minutes. Pumping Station Pumping station and equipment, like me, more than just type the framework for the whole welded structure, in addition to placement outside the fire pump, general pump is also available with space-related equipment in order to operate the fire department. Keyword: Fire engines； chassis； market demand - 36 附 錄 B 消防車專用底盤的市場需求及配置方案分析 Mahoney.G 經(jīng)過調(diào)研了解到 ,消防車輛的市場總量 ,2002 年為 2 800輛 ,2003 年 3 000輛 ,預(yù)計2005 年將達(dá)到 4 000輛。市場對消防車輛的需求主要以中、重型車輛為主。其中中型車 (載質(zhì)量 8 10 t) 占市場總量的 40 % ,重型車占市場總量的 60 % ,并且重型車的市場份額呈現(xiàn)迅速上升的趨勢。從區(qū)域市場來看 ,國內(nèi)南方地區(qū)中型消防車的使用 ,占據(jù)市場份額達(dá) 60 % ,重型車輛占 30 % ,其余 10 %基本為 5 t 以下的車輛 ；北方地區(qū)中型車輛占 50 % ,重型車占 40 % ,其余為 5 t 以下的車輛?，F(xiàn)有市場消防車輛的駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu) ,較多地采用 4開門雙排座駕駛室 ,約占市場總量的 80 %。但目前國內(nèi)底盤產(chǎn)品的駕駛室一般為平頭排半或單排 ,消防車生產(chǎn)廠家均采用手工完成雙排駕駛室的改制 ,改制后的內(nèi)飾不能與原車內(nèi) 飾很好地統(tǒng)一。 市場需求配置分析 (1) 駕駛室 :要求雙排、四開門 ,后門采用與前門一樣的 2 級踏步 ,盡量要寬 ,一般為800 mm 850 mm ,以便成員快速進(jìn)出。同時要求在第二排乘員座位后預(yù)留安裝空氣呼吸器的空間 , 即后圍板距離門立柱 200 mm 230 mm。乘員 4 6 人。駕駛室內(nèi)要配置取力控制操縱機(jī)構(gòu)及配置雙缸液壓駕駛室翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置。 (2) 發(fā)動機(jī) :中型車發(fā)動機(jī)功率一般要求為 157 172 kW；重型車發(fā)動機(jī)功率要求為 209 261 kW。發(fā)動機(jī)要配全程調(diào)速器 ,同時符合歐 排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 (3) 取力器 :要求配置夾心式全功率取力器 ,輸出轉(zhuǎn)速 3 000 rpm 左右 ,旋向與發(fā)動機(jī)一致 ,具體速比可按照消防泵的要求選擇。取力器輸出法蘭中心要位于車架中心線位置 ,中心距車架上平面 160 mm 左右。 (4) 油箱、儲氣筒、空濾器的布置要求 :油箱要求小容積 ,180 200 L 容量 ,筒式。儲氣筒要求置于大梁內(nèi)側(cè) ,便于改裝布置。空濾器要求立式安裝于駕駛室后部 ,便于維修和安裝 ,同時 ,最大限度地滿足車架較大的可利用長度。 - 37 (5) 軸距 :中型車要求軸距 4 500 mm 左右 ,重型車要求軸距在 4 200 mm 4 500 mm( + 1 350 mm) 。 現(xiàn)有資源的狀況及分析 (1) 由于消防車底盤的個性化要求較多 ,駕駛室雙排座一般底盤廠很難完成 ,目前大多數(shù)采用手工改制完成 ,改制成本基本在 111 萬元左右。 (2) 取力器一般選用陜西秦川齒輪傳動廠及部分消防車廠家自已研制的全功率取力器。中型車取力器價格在 017 萬元左右 ,重型車取力器價格在 113 115萬元左右。 (3) 進(jìn)口消防車底盤均加裝全功率取力器 ,國產(chǎn)底盤僅有重慶五十鈴配套開發(fā)全功率取力器 ,但未加裝。 開發(fā)建議 國產(chǎn)消防車的市場需求均在每年 3 000輛左右。如何充分發(fā)揮 國產(chǎn)底盤的優(yōu)勢 ,振興民族工業(yè) ,大力發(fā)展國產(chǎn)消防車 ,是每個底盤生產(chǎn)廠家應(yīng)該關(guān)注的問題 ,否則 ,在國外品牌不斷涌進(jìn)的今天 ,我們將喪失本該屬于自己的一部分改裝車市場。 國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)的泡沫消防車多采用整車生產(chǎn)廠家提供的二類通用汽車底盤。其專用裝置主要包括取力器、水泡沫液罐、器材箱、泵房、消防泵、真空泵、泡