法律英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料.doc

Lesson one1、a cause of action案由2、social norms 社會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3、substantive law實體法4、procedural law程序法5、resolve disputes解決糾紛6、provide for規(guī)定7、be entitled to 有權(quán)8、law of contracts合同法9、private law私法10、public law公法11、constitution law憲法12、administration law行政法13、criminal law刑法14、the law of torts 侵權(quán)法15、the civil law system大陸法體系16、the common law普通法17、the operation of the judicial processes司法程序的運作18、the United States Congress美國國會19、judge-made law判例法20、judicial decision 司法決定Lesson two multi-state transactions 多重性choice of law 法律的選擇substantive rights實體權(quán)利conflicts of law 法律沖突choice of forum 法院的選擇courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管轄權(quán)法院courts of general jurisdiction 一般管轄權(quán)法院trial courts初審法院inferior court低級法院superior court 高級法院supreme court最高法院circuit court 巡回法院district court區(qū)法院appellate court上訴法院intermediate appellate court中級憲法at the discretion of 由自由裁量court of limited subject matter jurisdiction 有限對事管轄權(quán)法院the amount in controversy爭議數(shù)額diversity jurisdiction多元管轄federal question聯(lián)邦問題the United States Courts of Appeals美國上訴法院the Court of Appeals for the district of 特區(qū)上訴法院the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit聯(lián)邦巡回法院the Supreme Court of the United States聯(lián)邦最高法院original jurisdiction初審管轄權(quán)Lesson threejudicial process司法程序serve our purpose達到我們的目的regulatory and enabling legislation 規(guī)范性和授權(quán)性法規(guī)the adversary system抗辯制trial procedure 審判程序the inquisitorial system糾問制regulatory legislation規(guī)范性法規(guī)direct and cross examination直接質(zhì)證、間接質(zhì)證procedural safeguards程序保障due process正當(dāng)程序on his own case 證明自己的立場impartial investigation 不偏不倚的調(diào)查resort to law訴諸法律resort to force訴諸武力turn on 取決于，依賴Lesson fourlegal relief 法律救濟arbitration仲裁jurisdiction over the person of the defendant對被告的人身管轄權(quán)courts of original jurisdiction初審管轄權(quán)法院minimum contacts最低限度的聯(lián)系be filed with 把登記備案service of process送達give notice to通知service by publication公告送達a motion to dismiss駁回動議pleading-in-answer 答辯狀sue對提起訴訟redress糾正，補救summons傳票affirmative defense積極抗辯counter-claim反訴on ones part(on the part of )就某人而言，在某人一方；某人有責(zé)任的under penalty of （違者）以懲治in essence實質(zhì)上default judgment缺席判決Lesson fivepre-trial discoveryquestion sb under oath經(jīng)宣誓后質(zhì)問某人lay a basis for為打基礎(chǔ)written interrogatories 質(zhì)詢書the interrogatory party 質(zhì)詢方discovery devices 取證方法compulsory physical examination 強制體檢person injury case 人身傷害案discovery procedures 取證程序discovery requests 取證要求the violating party 違反的一方a pretrial conference 審前會議summary judgment 即決判決the opposing party 對方at the pleading stage 起訴答辯階段decide the case in the movers favor of 作出有利于動議方的判決legitimate function 合法功能a fact of life 無法回避的事實interrogatory questions 質(zhì)詢的問題set the case for trial 將案件提交庭審depose 宣誓作證；選時候錄取的證詞legitimate合法的Lesson sixthe Seventh Amendment to the Constitution 憲法第七修正案impanel the jury 組成陪審團challenge for cause 相對異議peremptory challenges 絕地異議opening statement 公開聲明發(fā)言directed verdict 指令性裁決find in his favor 作出有利于他的立場判決non-moving party 非動議方charge the jury 給陪審團上課final argument 最后陳述general information 一般知識the burden of proof 舉證責(zé)任a preponderance of the evidence 優(yōu)勢證據(jù)general verdict 一般裁決special verdict 特殊裁決legal effect 法律后果a nonunanimous verdict 不一致的裁決post-trial motions 審后動議judgment notwithstanding the verdict 推翻陪審團裁決的判決Lesson sevenrender a judgment on default 作出缺席判決a writ of execution 執(zhí)行令judgment creditor 判決債權(quán)人 judgment debtor判決債務(wù)人garnishment 扣押dispose of 把處理掉attachment 財產(chǎn)保全exempt from 使免于，使不受set aside 撤回，駁回judicial proceedings 司法程序a writ of certiorari 調(diào)取卷宗令reverse the judgment 推翻原判written briefs 書面摘要affirm the judgment 維持原判modify the judgment 改判written opinion 書面意見書concurring and dissenting opinion 同意意見和反對意見set forth 陳述，闡明res judicata已決案件Lesson eightstand trial 出庭受審no crime without a law 法無明文規(guī)定不為罪due process 正當(dāng)司法程序deprive sb of 剝奪某人的double jeopardy 一事不再罰a summary arrest 即行逮捕pursuant to 遵循indictment 控告，公訴書grand jury 大陪審團booking 入冊an appearance 出庭a preliminary hearing 預(yù)審informatio