高一語法匯總.doc

定語從句一劃分句子成份(找主語和謂語動(dòng)詞）1.Some strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 3. At 3:42 everything began to shake. 4. some people saw bright lights in the sky.5. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. 注：所有加下劃線的詞放在名詞前面起限定作用，可以翻譯成_, 做_語。 1. She is the one whom/that/不填 I saw yesterday in the street. 2. LiMing is the boy whose grandfather is a great scientist. This is the book whose cover is green. 3. This is the factory that/which/不填 we visited last week. This is the factory where a lot of batteries are produced. 4. Could you please tell me the books which/that belong to you?5. This is the reason why she was late for school .6. I dont know the exact time when the party will be held7. Mary is the girl who/that helps the old man cross the street注：所有加下劃線的句子放在名詞/代詞后面起限定作用，翻譯成_, 做_從句。 歸納：定語從句就是放在_、_（先行詞）后面的一個(gè)_，它可以翻譯成_。 關(guān)系代詞用來代替前面的_、_，作用等同于它們。關(guān)系代詞that可以代替_、_,可以在定語從句中充當(dāng)_語或者_(dá)語；關(guān)系代詞which可以代替_、_, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)_語或者_(dá)語；關(guān)系代詞who可以代替_，在定語從句中充當(dāng)_語；關(guān)系代詞whom可以代替_,在定語從句中充當(dāng)_語（注：如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做_語，可以省略不填）關(guān)系代詞whose可以代替_或_, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)_語， 關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于介詞（in/of/on/about/for）+關(guān)系代詞， 在定語從句中做狀語，因此關(guān)系副詞（where（先行詞為地點(diǎn)）/when（先行詞為時(shí)間）/why（先行詞為原因）不等同于關(guān)系代詞。 定語從句中只用that 不用which的情況：1.This is the second book that I have ever written2. It is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. Ive read all the books that are not mine. 4.This is the only book that belongs to him.5. I will remember the people and things that I experienced last summer holiday. 6. Which the book that you bought yesterday?7. Who is the girl that you are talking about ?歸納：1.先行詞有_級和_詞修飾時(shí)2.先行詞為_, much, little something, everything, nothing, anything, none, no one等_時(shí)；3.先行詞前有_, the very, the last, all, every, no, little, any 等詞修飾時(shí)；4. 先行詞既包括_,也包括_時(shí)；5.先行詞為_、_引導(dǎo)的疑問句時(shí)（為了避免重復(fù)） 定語從句中只用which 不用that的情況：1. She was late for class again, which made her teacher angry.2. This is the factory in which many batteries are produced. 歸納：1._號后（即引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)），且先行詞為事或?yàn)槲飼r(shí)，只用which 不用that； 2._詞后面只用which 不用that.區(qū)分下列句子的關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞1. This is the factory that/which/不填 we visited last week. This is the factory where/in which a lot of batteries are produced. 2. This is the reason that/which/不填 she gave her teacher. This is the reason why /for which she was late for school .3. I will not forget the time which/tha/不填/ we spent together.I dont know the exact time when /on which the party will be held 歸納：第1組例句中的第一個(gè)句子，that/which=_, 可以用該詞來替換；第二個(gè)句子中的where= in _, 因?yàn)橄刃性~為物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that/which，又因?yàn)榻樵~in后面只能接_.所以where在這里= _ 第2組例句中的第一個(gè)句子，that/which=_, 可以用該詞來替換；第二個(gè)句子中的why= for_, 因?yàn)橄刃性~為物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that/which，又因?yàn)榻樵~for后面只能接_.所以why在這里= _ 第3組例句中的第一個(gè)句子，that/which=_, 可以用該詞來替換；第二個(gè)句子中的when= on the _, 因?yàn)橄刃性~為物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that/which，又因?yàn)榻樵~on后面只能接_.所以when在這里= _E.g. Today is a day _is very meaning for to you. The farm is the place _I spent my childhood. The farm is the place _I visited yesterday. A birthday means a day _ your friends and family members will send wishes to you. This reason _ she didnt come here is not clear. This is the reason _she explained. 練習(xí)：1. All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom2. The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. what B. in where C. / D. when4. I dont like the way_ you speak to her. A. that B. in that C. who D. whose5. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons_ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that6. Who is the person_ is talking about the accident _ happened on Highway 104? A. which; which B. who; what C. that; that D. what; what7. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that8. -Is this the factory _ the false wine was made? -Yes. And also the one _used to sell forged(偽造) cigarettes. A. the one; where B. that; that C. what; which D. where; that用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。1.Beijing is the city _has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.2.Ye Xin is a nurse _ died in the fight against SARS. 3.Halloween(萬圣節(jié)) is a day _ is also called the eve of All SaintsDay.4. Titanic is the ship _ sank（沉下去） after hitting an iceberg(冰川).5. Rose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.6. Did you recognize the man with _ I shook hands?7. Do you still remember the boy about _ sister people talk a lot?8. This is the place _ I want to visit. 4. A biologist is a man from _ you canlearn a lot of knowledge of biology.合并下列句子。1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door._1 The nurse is kind. 2 The nurse looks after my sister. 1.Kevin is reading a book. 2 The book is too difficult for him._1. I have a friend. 2 He likes listening to classical music. _ 1. Many people were afraid to swim in the sea. 2 They saw the film Jaws._1. I know the doctor. 2 His daughter studies abroad._翻譯：1 我有一個(gè)住在中山的朋友。2這就是我從昨天讀的那本書。3打掃了教室的學(xué)生將會(huì)受到表揚(yáng)（praise）。4住在隔壁(next door)的女人是個(gè)醫(yī)生。5這是我們剛剛才去過的那個(gè)商店。6她是我知道的最仔細(xì)(careful)的女孩。7中國第二長的黃河，被嚴(yán)重污染了。8還記得我們第一次見面的時(shí)間嗎？9他是一個(gè)知識淵博的(knowledgeable)人，我們能從他那里學(xué)到很多。10請遞給我封面(cover)是白色的那本書。 定語從句練習(xí)一. 用正確的關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞填空1. Those _ignore the traffic rules may be caught by the policeman. 2. The city _ a lot of people lived entirely lay in ruins. 3. Could you please ask the girl _ we met in the elevator yesterday to set down my address?4. Teenagers are people _ are between 14 and 18. 5. Because of the bad weather, the ship _ was about to leave at five oclock was put off. 6. Mary is a warm-hearted girl to _ you can frequently turn for help. 7. He lives in this apartment _ his parents bought 7 years ago.8. Xiaodong is a boy with _ you can easily get along. 9. Many people prefer living in the countryside _they can breathe(呼吸)fresh air to living in the city _they dislike. 10. The girl _shortcoming is to be shy(害羞) is afraid of speaking in front of others. 11. I dont like to enjoy the view from the window, the curtain of _ is very dirty. 12.I dont like to enjoy the view from the window, _curtain is very dirty. 13. The Chinese boy _English vocabulary is very large speaks English very fluently.14. At last, they recognized the man _identity was an American.15. Mary is a stubborn girl, _means that she will not change her minds easily. 16. All things _has been determined can not be changed any longer.17. The article _title is very obvious (明顯的)attracts many people. 18. Could you please give me the exact time _you will come?19. I cant forget the days _ we spent together. 20. This is the first time _ we have meet. 21. It was yesterday _ we celebrated(慶祝)Marys birthday _ I had seen you for the first time. 22. The teacher asked the boy to explain (解釋)the reason _he was late again. 23. This was the reason _the boy explained to his teacher. 24. Those _were frightened burst into tears right away. 25. It was in the house _ they got married (結(jié)婚) _they divorced(離婚)finally. 二翻譯句子（注：先翻譯主語謂語賓語，然后把含有 的 的結(jié)構(gòu)放在所修飾詞的后面）1這個(gè)態(tài)度不好的女孩使她媽媽很生氣。2. 這些戰(zhàn)士盡他們最大的努力（try ones best）去營救那些被埋在地底下的人們。3他們對那些幫助對他們的人表達(dá)了他們真誠的（sincere）的感謝（thanks）.4. 許多喜歡（用第三單元的詞組）籃球的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們在學(xué)期(term)末參加了一場籃球賽。定語從句練習(xí)21The girl _ looks calm is actually nervous. 2Those _ often suffer from illness do little exercise.3He helped the little girl _mother is Mrs.Wang to pack up her luggage(行李).4LiMing came up with an idea _was very good for improving(提高)their health.5Please go straight to the block _ there is a bookshop. 6She is such a reliable person _ you can entirely rely on her. 7She is such a reliable person _you can entirely rely on.8We usually judge a person by what he/she wears, _ is completely wrong.9Id like to express my thanks to those _once helped me when I was in trouble.10These cyclists _are very strong and healthy look happy. 11I always think about the persons and things _frightened me last year.12She is the tallest girl _ always smiles sweetly in the class.13The number of pens _ are broken is fifteen. 14Those graduates _ are willing to work in the countryside are warmly welcomed by the people there.15This was the canal _ had large cracks when the earthquake happened.16This was the canal _the water was very dirty when the earthquake happened.17She was shocked at the news _ her classmates told her. 18The whole city _ there were many tall buildings and many people was completely destroyed.19Those people _tracks are left on the sand look very happy. 20Many things were damaged, _made the people here very sad. 21Our monitor is a very determined boy without _ we may fail in this competition(競賽).22Her teacher asked her to explain the reason _ she didnt come to class yesterday.23This is the reason _she gave to her teacher.24It is a nation _ its people are very fond of playing football.25It is a nation _people are very fond of playing football. 26It is a nation _you will have a good impression(印象) on . 三語法填空1.I have a very cute brother, _ is studying in the kindergarten.2.I did well in the exam, _ made my parents extremely happy.3.Mary had a little horse, _ was bought by his fatheryesterday.4.I was born in 1999, _ there was no school near my home.5.This is a beautiful house, _ _ I has lived for 20 years.6.He was late yesterday, _ _ the teacher scolded him after class.7. The earth is round, _ is known to all. 8. The earth is round._ is known to all.9. _ is known to all, the earth is round. 10. _ is known to all that the earth is round. 11. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.12.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.13. I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.14. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.15.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.16.He failed in the exam, and_ made his parents angry.17.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 18.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.19.He has two sons, and both of _ are teachers 定語從句練習(xí)二. 用正確的關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞填空1. We should learn from those _ are always ready to help others. 2. This is the biggest lab _ we have ever built in our university. 3. The two lost boys happened to come into a cave _they discovered some rock paintings by chance4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight（視力） matters more than hearing（聽力）. 5. All the Chinese will forever remember the date _the Red Five star Flag was raised in Hong Kong6. The film reminded me of those days _I spent in my childhood 7. Do you know the reason _ there are heat losses in a steam engine8. Mr King , _ legs were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital . 9. Look at the building , the roof （屋頂）of _is white . 10. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.12. The child had a fever every night, _ worried his parents very much. 13. The pencil _ _he wrote was broken.14. China has a lot of famous writers, one _ _ is LUxun.15. In the dark street, there wasnt a person_ _ she could turn for help. 16. Ours is a beautiful school, _ _ we are proud. 17. The farm _ _ my father once worked has taken on a new look now.18. Our guide, _ was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook 19. We will never forget October 1st，1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 20. It was on October 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 二用所學(xué)的知識完成句子1. Herman is a young but experienced teacher, _(從他那兒我 們可以學(xué)到很多東西).2. Youre the very person _ (我正在找的)3. Emma is wearing a new coat, _(它的顏色很普通). 4. I have many friends, _ _ _（大多數(shù)）like Harry Porter.5. Every student has many books, _ _ _（沒有一本）are novels.三翻譯句子（注：先翻譯主語謂語賓語，然后把含有 的 的結(jié)構(gòu)放在所修飾詞的后面）1. 我想用一些有著奇特的設(shè)計(jì)和風(fēng)格的東西裝飾我的房間。2我挑了屬于李明的書。3. 警察立刻尋找在城堡里失蹤了三天的女孩。4選出來的琥珀有著像蜂蜜一樣的顏色。5他住過的那個(gè)房間正在裝修。被動(dòng)語態(tài)A熟記結(jié)構(gòu) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（done）”。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為： （寫出各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are +done (過去分詞) （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與always/often等詞搭配，表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）例Visitors are allowed not to touch the exhibits.2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：_(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與具體的過去時(shí)間諸如yesterday, last month, years/days/months ago等連用,與哪些詞連用請溫習(xí)以前的筆記) 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：_（表示此時(shí)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常用at present/ now/at the moment 連用）例A new cinema is being built here4）一般過去時(shí)：_（過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用yesterday, the day before yesterday, last month連用）例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）過去完成時(shí)：_（相當(dāng)于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間而言，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與by+過去時(shí)間連用）例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：_（過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與at that moment等詞連用）例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）一般將來時(shí)：_（表示將來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?？捎脀ill do/ be going to do / be about to do 等表示）例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）過去將來時(shí)：_（表示相對于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間而言，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常用would do/ be going to do / be about to do 等表示）例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9）將來完成時(shí)（少用）：_（相對于將來某個(gè)時(shí)間而言，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作）例The project will have been completed before July.10) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu), 其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞。例The baby _ (should, take care of) by the baby-sitter.B. 謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況 當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等系動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞時(shí)；The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。 當(dāng)cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink, wash等表示某種性質(zhì)時(shí)且?guī)钫Z修飾語時(shí)(即將副詞時(shí))；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)，如：The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.那位作家寫的書很暢銷。These cups clean easily. 這些杯子很容易洗。 want, require, need，worth deserve 后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：These flowers want/ require /need watering.這些花需要澆水。These books are worth reading.這些書值得讀。（被讀）C. Practice1. The food_(taste) wellThe girl looks _(happy) when she looks at her friend _(happy).2. Our school_ (build )in 1911. A new library _(build) at the moment in our school.3. Radio _(use) in everyday life. 4. His money _(steal) when he noticed it. His money _(steal) yesterday. 5. The little girl_well. A. is taking care of B. takes care of C. is taken care D. is being taken care of6. When we returned from the ball, we found that our home_(break into) and many things_(break) .7. Your books_ ( take ) away six days ago.9. The boy _(sell)to a cruel family was very poor. The poor boy _(sell) to a cruel family last year.10. He was seen _(steal) the girl yesterday so he was put into prison. The girl saw the man _(steal) her money yesterday. When he passed by, he saw a man _(steal) a girls money.11. I _ (give) two plans to decide where our family would spend our holiday.12 A scientist, as well as some assistants, _( send) to help in the work.13. The medicine should