英語翻譯單句翻譯練習(DOC).doc

英語翻譯第三部分單句翻譯第三部分單句翻譯（技巧分析及重點歸納）單句翻譯部分考點總結：詞性轉換詞義選擇句子成分轉換句式轉換語序調整一、英譯漢部分考點分析1.詞性轉換 轉動詞（1）名詞轉動詞（2）形容詞轉動詞（3）介詞轉動詞（4）副詞轉動詞In exchange, he said, China agreed to increase its domestic demand, meaning relying less on its cheap currency to drive exports. （Unit 1）Obama replied, We believe strong dialogue is important not only for the U.S. and China, but for the rest of the world. （Unit 1）American strategic thinkers are calling attention to Chinas increasing global economic reach and the growing capability of its military forces. （Unit 3）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）For weeks, central Russia has been in the grips of its worst-ever heat wave, which has caused probably thousands of fatalities. （Unit 9）.offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world .（Unit 15）.and there is a modem commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. （Unit 19）Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine ones with menus in Chinese as well as English, but most customers eat with a knife and fork. （Unit 19）Over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto, “Not under man but under God and law.”（Unit 21）2.詞義選擇Reflecting the broad range of issues that have come to characterize relations between two countries, some of the sensitive topics that have dominated U.S.-Chinese talks in the past now seem further down the agenda.（Unit 1）Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. （Unit 5）Pub etiquette is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. （Unit 11）A group of Italian youths waited for 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. （Unit 11）Imagine a virus that could travel like the fluand kill like HIV. （Unit 13）We now live in such crowded cities that the scope for transmission of a virus which travels through air is greater than ever before. （Unit 13）Some of the players were dismayed by the new rules, which stated that the ball could no longer be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your opponent was not allowed. （Unit 17）These had been part of the game since 1823，when a schoolboy at Rugby School decided that his dribbling skills were not up to much, and picked the ball up and started running towards the opponents goal. Neither he nor I anticipated this long and difficult road. （Unit 21） But our disappointment must be overcome by our love of country. （Unit 21）At certain stops there are surprises. Some of these will translate into great moments of joy; some will result in profound sorrow. （Unit 23）Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along. Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their journey. （Unit 25）Then I found that she had been married about two weeks before, to a local innkeeper. She hadnt waited. （Unit 25）3.句子成分的轉換Obama said American values of freedom of speech and assembly are “universal rights, and they should be made available to all the people.”（Unit 1）（并列句改作前置定語）The upcoming summit between the America and Chinese presidents is to take place while progress is being made in resoling many of the issues before them.（Unit 3）（主語改作賓語）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）（主語改作謂語，同時在句式上被動句改為主動句）Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?（Unit 5）（賓語改作主語，定語改作表語）A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. （Unit 5）（主語改作狀語，增譯主語）This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arcticyou name it. （Unit 9）（主語改作時間狀語，賓語改作主語，增譯謂語動詞）On a smaller scale, European countries like Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic have also suffered serious flooding. （Unit 9）（狀語改作定語，定語改作狀語）Amazingly for the British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up; the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. （Unit 11）（單個的副詞狀語改為主句）You are permitted to try to attract attention, but there are rules about how to do this. （Unit 11）（謂語改作狀語）For example, viruses are emerging more frequently than ever before. （Unit 13）（謂語改作主語，主語改作定語，狀語改作謂語）These are very sophisticated processes which often take place without the bodys owner knowing anything about it. （Unit 13）（定語從句改作并列謂語）The arrangement benefits both countries. （Unit 15）（謂語改作賓語）Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. （Unit 19）（定語從句改作謂語）And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world. （Unit 19）（前置定語改作謂語）4.句式轉換One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. （Unit 5）（賓語及補足語改作句子）Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. （Unit 5）（被動句改作主動句，增譯主語）LS9 has already convinced one oil industry veteran of its plan. （Unit 7）（主動句改作被動句，同時注意句中單詞convince的翻譯。）This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers code of conduct for those wanting to sample British life and culture. （Unit 11）（名詞詞組改作獨立句）.the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. （Unit 11）（主系表改作主謂賓）Even the flu virus can be a killer. （Unit 13）（主系表改作主謂賓）Then there are defenses inside the body which act as early warning systems between the cells and the white blood cells. （Unit 13）（there be句型改作主謂結構）As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. （Unit 15）（主謂賓結構改作主題+述題結構）Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. （Unit 15）（主動句改作被動句）Well, in addition to inventing the modem Olympic Games, Britain also gave the world its most popular sports. （Unit 17）（主謂賓改為主系表）Some of the players were dismayed by the new rules, which stated that the ball could no longer be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your opponent was not allowed. （Unit 17）（主從關系句改為因果關系句，注意定語從句和主句的關系）I say to president-elect Bush that what remains of partisan rancor must now be put aside, and may God bless his stewardship of this country. （Unit 21）（被動句改作主動句）Let there be no doubt, while I strongly disagree with the courts decision, I accept it. （Unit 21）（there be結構改做主謂結構）At certain stops there are surprises. （Unit 23）There are others who board the train and who eventually become very important to us, in turn. （Unit 23）（定語從句改為并列句）I was with my father on a business-and-pleasure trip, and in our leisure hours we were having a wonderful time. （Unit 25）（主系表改為主謂賓）I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers. （Unit 25）（定語從句改做謂語）I couldnt make it. I just couldnt make it, Linda. （Unit 27）（主謂賓改做主題+述題結構）But you didnt rest your mind. Your mind is overactive, and the mind is what counts, dear. （Unit 27）（主系表改為主謂賓）This agreement shall come into force and effect upon signature, seal and execution by the parties hereto, being made in three originals, one to be held by each of the parties, the third to be submitted to competent authority for review and approval. （Unit 29）（現(xiàn)在分詞改做獨立句，名詞詞組改為獨立句）5.語序調整President Obama and his Chinese counterpart, Hu Jintao, emerged from two hours of talks Tuesday morning（Unit 1）（后置的時間狀語被移到句首）it is important for both countries to oppose and reject protectionism in all its forms.” （Unit 1）（真正的主語移到句首）Yet both leaders also face an opinion among elites in their countries emphasizing conflict rather than cooperation. （Unit 3）（后置定語改為前置定語）A Cold War between them would bring about an international choosing of sides, spreading disputes into internal politics of every region at a time when issues such as nuclear proliferation, the environment, energy and climate require a comprehensive global solution. （Unit 3）（句尾的時間狀語移到謂語之前）This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arcticyou name it. （Unit 9）（語義中心后置，地點狀語提前）Extreme rainfall events will also become more frequent and intense in a warmer climate, owing to another simple fact of physics: warm air can hold more moisture. （Unit 9）（語義中心后置，地點狀語提前）The British are famous for inventions that have changed the world. （Unit 17）（定語從句前置）One of the oldest, and lets face it, most bizarre sports from Britain is golf. （Unit 17）（主語和表語互換位置）London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. （Unit 19）（狀語前置，語義中心后置）There is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho. （Unit 19）（狀語前置，語義中心后置）Indeed, that history gives us many examples of contests as hotly debated, as fiercely fought, with their own challenges to the popular will. （Unit 21）（后置定語前置）The strength of American democracy is shown most clearly through the difficulties it can overcome. （Unit 21）（狀語前置，語義中心后置）We live on with the memories of their love, affection, friendship, guidance and their constant presence. （Unit 23） （狀語前置，語義中心后置）We will sometimes be upset that some passengers, whom we love, will choose to sit in another compartment and leave us to travel on our own. （Unit 23） （原因狀語從句被移到句首，改為譯句的主題）He had visited Denmark when he was a young man. （Unit 25） （句尾的時間狀語移到句中）“How she has changed! Thank heaven she didnt recognize me,”muttered Father, mopping his face with a handkerchief. （Unit 25） （句尾的主句被移到句首）You can imagine, me looking at scenery, on the road every week of my life. （Unit 27） （句尾的時間狀語移到句中）Theres no reason why you cant work in New York. （Unit 27） （從句移到句首）二、漢譯英部分考點分析1.詞性轉換 轉名詞我們要使社會更加發(fā)展進步，（Unit 2）（動詞改為抽象名詞）黨和政府把穩(wěn)定物價作為經濟生活的一件大事。 （Unit 2）（動詞改為抽象名詞）其中，平均每年少征收的關稅為1500億2000億元，少征收的增值稅為1500億2000億元， （Unit 4）（動詞改為名詞）中國已經從一個平均主義盛行的國家，轉變?yōu)樨毟徊罹鄶U大現(xiàn)象嚴重、收入差距超過國際上中等不平等程度的國家。 （Unit 4）（名詞轉換為代詞）當?shù)涂沾髿鈱又械乃_到飽和狀態(tài)時，水汽凝結物懸浮在空中形成霧茫茫的天氣（Unit 10）（形容詞改做動詞被動結構）國際著名高等學府看好并落戶中國（Unit 16）（動詞改做介詞短語）教育部已經批準籌建上海紐約大學（Unit 16）（動詞改做名詞）山谷頂端，殘留著一座道教建筑，名“黃龍古寺”（Unit 20）（動詞改做名詞）據(jù)科學工作者考察，這里的山體系石灰?guī)r地質，黃龍景觀實為巖溶地貌。 （Unit 20）（動詞改做名詞）我們的運動員在國際奧委會舉辦的重大比賽中都有出色的表現(xiàn)。（Unit 22）（名詞改做動詞）為了傳播奧林匹克精神，中國同時也幫助其他發(fā)展中國家完善其體育設施（Unit 22）（動詞改做介詞）作者主動投給圖書出版者的稿件，出版者應在六個月內決定是否采用。 （Unit 30）（副詞改作介詞短語）采用的，應簽訂合同；不采用的，應及時通知作者。 （Unit 30）（動詞改作名詞）2.詞義選擇未來五年提升百姓幸福感，政府有哪些考慮？（Unit 2）從去年到今年，我們先后三次出臺調控措施。 （Unit 2）對有條件的大中型企業(yè)應授予其進出口經營權。 （Unit 4）在市場景氣時大顯身手，而在市場蕭條時也能站穩(wěn)腳根。 （Unit 4）除了塑料瓶，塑料汽水瓶、洗滌劑瓶也能拿來做時裝。 （Unit 8）塑料瓶的主要材料一般是PP （聚丙烯）及少量的PET （聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇醋）。 （Unit 8）我們的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日大都與古代的農業(yè)生產緊密相連。 （Unit 12）因SARS而產生的驚恐則會削弱我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，從而使我們更容易感染上這種可怕的疾病。 （Unit 14）是培養(yǎng)信念還是讓恐懼主宰我們的生活，我們每天都要做出選擇。 （Unit 14）手書“北京2008”借漢字形態(tài)之神韻，將中國人對奧林匹克的千萬種表達濃縮于簡潔的筆畫中。 （Unit 18）在這個標志中，紅色被演繹得格外強烈，激情被張揚得格外奔放。 （Unit 18）中國擁護奧林匹克精神，是奧委會各項號召和活動的重要支持者. （Unit 22）2008年如能在北京熱烈歡迎各位客人，這將是我們最喜悅的盛事。 （Unit 22）假使年輕的時候鞭策自己，如今當有較好或較多的表現(xiàn)。 （Unit 24）我年過三十才知道讀書自修的重 要。 （Unit 24）當他看準鴿子的位置以后，略一猶疑，便趴下，向車底爬去。 （Unit 26）“莫談國事”的紙條可是保存了下來，而且字寫的更大。 （Unit 28）3.句子成分的轉換我要恪盡職守，和人民一道克服困難，使國家更加繁榮昌盛。 （Unit 2）（并列謂語改作目的狀語）改革開放以來，中國社會經濟迅速發(fā)展，取得了舉世公認的成就。 （Unit 4）（第一個并列句改為介詞短語做狀語）根據(jù)聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，中國目前的基尼系數(shù)為0.45. （Unit 4）（本句涉及主語的選擇，同時增譯謂語動詞）要通過精加工和深加工提高出口商品的附加值；. （Unit 6）（本句涉及主語的選擇，狀語變主語）在選擇新辟市場時要權衡其風險與機會，并且要反應迅速； . （Unit 6）（本句涉及主語的選擇，狀語變主語；同時并列謂語變?yōu)榱藸钫Z）據(jù)有關部門統(tǒng)計，我國的一個中等城市每年產生的塑料廢棄物可滿足20家小型塑料企業(yè)的原材料需求。 （Unit 8）（本句涉及主語的選擇，狀語變主語）氣溫愈高，空氣中所能容納的水汽愈多，反之愈少。 （Unit 10）（本句涉及主語的選擇和謂語的選擇）白晝的溫度一般比較高，空氣中可容納較多的水汽。 （Unit 10）（本句涉及主語的選擇，狀語改作主語）60.7%的女性認為“洋節(jié)輕松自在，中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日過得累”。 （Unit 12）（本句涉及主語的選擇，增譯主語；同時原文主語改作狀語）落后與挨打成了人們對近代歷史的習慣性總結，麻木自卑甚至憎恨因此成了大多數(shù)人對待自身文化的態(tài)度。（本句涉及主語的選擇，改譯主語；同時表語改作謂語）因SARS而產生的驚恐則會削弱我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，從而使我們更容易感染上這種可怕的疾病。 （Unit 14）（結果狀語改作定語從句）正如上文所述，恐懼確實給我們造成危害。 （Unit 14）（雙賓語改為單賓語，原來的直接賓語改作謂語）事實上，我們生活在SARS疫區(qū)中的大多數(shù)人沒有被傳染的危險。 （Unit 14）（本句涉及主語的選擇，狀語改作主語）中國教育那些飽受垢病的頑疾會否受到“洋大學”的沖擊而產生“鲇魚效應” ? （Unit 16）（本句涉及主語的選擇，賓語改作主語；同時主句改作狀語從句）華東師范大學校長俞立中向記者介紹：“從美方角度，創(chuàng)辦上海紐約大學是其全球網絡大學的一個組成部分. （Unit 16）（主句改作狀語從句）它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥聲婉轉，流水潺潺。 （Unit 20）（并列句改作狀語）據(jù)科學工作者考察，這里的山體系石灰?guī)r地質，黃龍景觀實為巖溶地貌。 （Unit 20）（狀語改作主語和謂語）4.句式的轉換要努力生產適銷對路的名特優(yōu)新產品和“拳頭”產品打入國際市場。（Unit 6）（無主語句變被動句）尤其要提高用外語針對國外市場進行宣傳的能力。 （Unit 6）（無主語句變主系表結構）西學東漸,西節(jié)也迅速在這片土地上枝葉繁茂起來，甚至有喧賓奪主之勢。 （Unit 12）（并列句改作主從復合句）節(jié)日不僅僅是日常生活的調劑，更是維系民族認同感的紐帶。 （Unit 12）（主系表改作主謂賓）是培養(yǎng)信念還是讓恐懼主宰我們的生活，我們每天都要做出選擇。 （Unit 14）（主題+述題結構改作主謂賓結構）外國大學在中國設立分?；蚝献鹘涣鳈C構，確實給從事科研或有志到外國大學深造的學生提供了更多機會