持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞.doc

持續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動詞study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動詞begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動詞及瞬間性動詞。三、用法1、以上兩類動詞都能用于現(xiàn)在完成時，表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已結(jié)束，例如：He has studied English for three years.（他學英語已有3年了。）He has joined the Party.（他已入黨了。）Mum isnt at home. She has gone to the library.（媽媽不在家，她去圖書館了。）2、持續(xù)性動詞在完成時中能與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，而瞬間性動詞則不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他父母跟老師談了半個小時。）My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。）My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母從1950年起就住在上海了。）3、瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：（1）用意思相當?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他參軍已有3年了。）不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？）不能用has left初中課本中的常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系如下：1、gobe away 2、comebe here3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finishbe over 10、openbe open11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe（2）用it issince結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動詞，例如：電影已經(jīng)開映5分鐘了。（兩種方法）The film has been on for five minutes.Its five minutes since the film began.他離開上海已有3天了。（兩種方法）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。（一種方法）Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法）How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用，例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。）Exercises一、根據(jù)所給的詞組，把瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞arrive at/in get to/reach come/go/move to be in ./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 2) I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _. 3) I went home yesterday. I _ _ _ home for _ _. 4) They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be back come/go out be out 1) He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave be away from . ； finish/end be over；fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； marry be married； 1) I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 2) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _. 4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wear ； catch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know 1) They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ for two years. He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years. He _ _ _ the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _ _ a _ for _ _. My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years. 二、瞬間動詞、延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換：1. Thefilmbegan10minutesago._2, Igotacoldtwodaysago._3, Thefilmfinished5minutesago._4, Themancameheretenminutesago._5, LindaandFrankmarriedin1989._6, Mygrandpadiedtenyearsago._7, Iborrowedabook5daysago._8, Thesnakefellasleeptendaysago._9, Myparentswentoutaweekago._10,