M5U1-Grammar-(2).doc

Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar and usagel Learning aims:1. Learn the grammar To-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a noun :2. Keep some phrases and language points in mind l Learning procedures:Step 1: 不定式是歷年高考必考的內(nèi)容。不定式在句子中可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。1) To find a best friend is difficult. ( ) 2) I need to sleep for eight hours every night. ( )3) I asked him to come over. ( ) 4) I have a very important meeting to attend. ( )5) His attention was to cheer me up. ( )6) My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me. ( )1)不定式做主語(yǔ):To play basketball with you is an unforgettable experience.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。To play basketball with you is an unforgettable experience.= It is an unforgettable experience to play basketball with you .It做形式主語(yǔ)，不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：It is important for Tom to get that job. / It is kind of you to help me with my English.Its our duty to take care of the old. / It took me three hours to finish the work.2)不定式作賓語(yǔ):The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。l I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.( 05天津) A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們也可以用先行代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)的后面.常用動(dòng)詞有believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think等。He found it easy to solve the problem.b) 只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下作介詞賓語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有do, does, did時(shí)，通常省略to。即有do無(wú)to，無(wú)do有to We have no choice but to wait. / We can do nothing but wait.3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ): 不定式常跟在下列動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, force, would like, love, hate, order, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, forbid, get, 等。Heaskedyoutocallhimattenoclock.不定式作以下動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)常省略to一感: feel;二聽(tīng): hear, listen to; 三讓: let, make, have 五看: see, watch, notice, look at 和observe但當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，被省略的to應(yīng)補(bǔ)上。eg. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss.注意: 感官動(dòng)詞后也可接ing 作賓補(bǔ)，但意思有區(qū)別I saw her talk to her new friends. (看到整個(gè)過(guò)程) I saw her talking to her new friends. (沒(méi)看到整個(gè)過(guò)程)l While watching television, _. (2005全國(guó)卷 I)A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell ringsl If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message. (2005福建卷)A. have B. get C. ask D. tell4)不定式作表語(yǔ): Our most important task now is to make a plan.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim, idea, wish, task, duty, dream, purpose等或者主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語(yǔ)， 用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所包含內(nèi)容。My dream is to go to Peking University.His wish is to buy a good birthday present for his mother every year.注：作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，to可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.5)不定式作定語(yǔ)He has not kept his promise_ _(write) to his parents regularly.She made a decision _ _ (go)abroad for a year.His plan _ _ ( go ) abroad is rejected.不定代詞，序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)或被only, last, next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Would you please give me something to drink?She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Hes always the first to come and the last to leave . Tips: 不定式在作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞有意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。She has no person to talk with. / Theres nothing to worry about. I have no chair to sit in. / He has no friend to make with.6)不定式作狀語(yǔ) (1) 表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。l All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (2005年遼寧卷)A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivingl He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone.A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have foundl The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school.l Im glad to meet you. Some tips:(1) 連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, （不包括why/if），在句中起名詞作用，通常跟在句中作主、賓或表語(yǔ)。No one can tell me where to find John. / When to have the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.(2)不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.l - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. (05年江蘇卷) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be leftl People in England are proud of the 30th Olympic Games _ in London in 2012. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be heldl The book is said to have been translated _ ( translate ) into many languages.(3) 不定式在下列詞組后面常省略to：wouldrather.than(寧愿也不),hadbetter.(最好)，canthelpbut.(不得 不)I would rather _ _ (go) swimming. / You had better _ _ (tidy) your bedroom.Why not _ _ (visit) your cousin in Japan?(4) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than連接起來(lái)時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào)省略。She told me _ _(be) cheerful and _ _(look) on the bright side.We had nothing _ _(do) but _(watch) TV.Do you want to go shopping or _ _ ( watch ) a film?I decided to write rather than _ _ _ ( phone ).Step 2: Verb-ing form as a noun Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 1.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動(dòng)名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)名詞后置。(單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)) Seeing is believing. (眼見(jiàn)為實(shí))動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)還有以下兩個(gè)習(xí)慣表答法：It is no use (good) + 動(dòng)名詞：做某事沒(méi)用(不好)There is no + 動(dòng)名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收) / Its no good spitting in public.There is no knowing what may happen.（未來(lái)的事無(wú)法知道）作表語(yǔ)：通常是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別His hobby is collecting stamps. ( 主語(yǔ)是什么，是表語(yǔ))He is collecting stamps. （主語(yǔ)在干什么，是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) ）作賓語(yǔ)A.作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice , miss, finish, keep, suggest, advise, recommend, appreciate, escape)l I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. To work; to stopl He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostl -There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.-My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old.A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been B. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ) be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；spend time (in) doing 花時(shí)間做；be fond of doing 喜愛(ài)做；be good at doing 擅長(zhǎng)做；be proud of doing 為做而自豪；be tired of doing 對(duì)做感到厭倦；feel like doing想做；l The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onTips: 1） 有些動(dòng)詞（ continue, prefer, begin, hate, like, start, love）后面既可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動(dòng)名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動(dòng)作。 I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. 2） 有些動(dòng)詞，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接動(dòng)名詞表示干過(guò)某事，而不定式表示將去干某事。l When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave3）動(dòng)名詞作真正賓語(yǔ)，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 I found it no use / good quarrelling with him. 作定語(yǔ) swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a sleeping car 動(dòng)名詞可作前置定語(yǔ)，表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的，可用for改寫a sleeping car = a car for sleeping2動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：即給動(dòng)名詞加一個(gè)邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Do you mind my/me smoking here? / He was awakened by his mothers knocking at the door.Marys laughing made Tom angry. / There is no hope of the factory making profit.l I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treatingStep 3 : Language points :1.would rather (that) sb did 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)/ had done 表示過(guò)去1. 我寧愿是一只快樂(lè)的小鳥(niǎo)。 _. 2. 他寧愿從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她. _. 3. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow than today.4. I would rather you _ (tell) me the truth.寧愿.而不愿. would rather do.than do. ; would do rather than do ; prefer doing to doing ; prefer to do rather than do.To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _travel by air.A. as B. to C. than D. while2. persuade vt 勸服 persuade sb. to do sth./into doing sth/ that 說(shuō)服了某人干某事persuade sb. out of (doing) sth勸服不1. 誰(shuí)勸你寫那封信?2. 你能勸她放棄那些愚蠢的計(jì)劃.3. 他終于說(shuō)服他的兒子上大學(xué).如果指勸說(shuō)但不一定成功，則用：try to persuade sb. to do sth. / advise sb. to do sth.我設(shè)法說(shuō)服他戒煙但他不肯聽(tīng). _. Alice trusts you; only you can_ her to give up the foolish idea.A . suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade3. discourage vt 勸阻,打消discour