高中英語必修二知識點外研版.doc

必修二Module 11. see +賓語+ doing (正在做)hear do (全過程)done （被動）2. fit adj: 健康的 keep fit 合適的 be fit for/ to dov: 適合，合身（大小，形狀）fit in 相處融洽suit 適合(顏色，款式，時間)as 當時候由于隨著As time goes on,.按照do as (you are) told正如As you can see， As we all know,As is known to us, 不定式作定語的用法歸納1). 被修飾名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或the only, the last, the very, the next修飾時，常用不定式作后置定語。被修飾名詞和不定式具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。Eg. John Smith is the only person to know the secret.2).表示抽象概念的名詞，后面用動詞不定式做定語，用于解釋中心詞的內(nèi)容，如ability, way, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。Eg. she gave up the chance to go abroad.3).如不定式動詞是不及物動詞作定語時，其后須加一個適當?shù)慕樵~。例如：Have you got a chair to sit on? 你有椅子坐了嗎?pay 的短語 注意pay attention to 拜訪pay a visit to 付清，還清（債務(wù)）；得到回報pay off buy sth for some money 用多少錢買某物 sb. spend money on sth. / in doing sth. 把錢花在上 sth. cost (sb.) money （某物）花了（某人）多少錢sure1).make sure that do(時態(tài)) When you leave the office, make sure that all the lights are turned off.(燈關(guān)上了)2).make sure of / about 確保，弄清楚 Youd better make sure of the time and place for the meeting .(弄清楚開會得時間和地點)3) be sure to do肯定會，務(wù)必 Be sure to come on time. be sure of / about 有把握，肯定 He is to succeed/ win. 他肯定會贏。(說話者的主觀意見) He is sure of his success. 他確信自己會成功.（主語的觀點）= He is sure that he will succeed. 一般將來時態(tài)will do sth / shall do sth 單純表示將來要發(fā)生的動作，不強調(diào)已經(jīng)打算好。be going to do sth 表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。表示說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事情Itisgoingtorain. Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday. I am going to leave.betodo sth表示安排、計劃、決定、命令或注定要發(fā)生的事. TheboyistogotoschooltomorrowThe bridge is to be built next year. “beaboutto+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作，或已經(jīng)打算好馬上要去做的動作，意為bereadytodosth.后面一般不跟時間狀語。Imabouttoleave. go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。ImleavingforBeijing. 某些動詞(如come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞)的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。表示按照時刻表上規(guī)定的時間將要發(fā)生，有具體的時間點。 Themeetingstartsatfiveoclock. The plane takes off at 7:05 am.注將來時態(tài)中，如果單純表示將來，或即興動作，用will; 表示早已經(jīng)打算好了則應(yīng)該用be going to do / be to do be about to do / be doing 等。必修二Module 21.addict v./n. addiction adj. addictive /addicted Adam Rouse used to be a drug addict(癮君子)He is now fighting against his cocaine addiction（癮）Heroin is highly addictive(使人上癮的)Her son is addicted to(沉迷于) computer games.Cocaine is a powerfully addictive(使人上癮的)drug.likely adj. 可能的;有希望的, 適合的 adv. 或許, 可能It is likely that. 很可能. = Its probable/ possible thatsb./sth. be likely to do很可能做 = It is possible for sb./sth. to do Not likely!不可能! 才不呢! (強調(diào)否認或拒絕)They are the likeliest candidates. 他們是最有可能當選的候選人。He is the likeliest person for the job. 他是最適合做這份工作的人。她下月很可能不來。She is not likely to come next month.很可能他不會同意。It is likely that he wont agree.The smokers are twice as likely as non-smokers to develop Alzheimers disease. = The smokers are more likely to develop Alzheimers diseasetooto“ too + adj/adv. + to + do sth.” 意思是太而不能.此外，” too+ adj/adv. + for sb. to do sth.” 意為對某人來說，太.而不能。Tooto 中的too 前面有否定詞，如never 時，表示肯定：It is never too late to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老?！狙a充】：too.to結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動詞不定式結(jié)合成一個不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是說明too的具體內(nèi)容，而是修飾形容詞，不定式就不再表示結(jié)果。例如： Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help others. 雷鋒同志樂于助人。 .everwhatever用法 “不管/ 無論（任何）” -用法和what 類似。.引導(dǎo)狀語從句： .Whatever happens, you shouldnt lose heart. = No matter what happens, you shouldnt lose heart. .Whatever (great) difficulty you meet, you shouldnt give up. = No matter what difficulty you meet, you shouldnt give up.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句： .You should tell me whatever happened. . Whatever he did is for your good.(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter what) whichever 用法 “任何一個（件、本）” (有選擇范圍).引導(dǎo)狀語從句： Whichever computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you. = No matter which computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：Whichever book he bought from the shop would be paid for. (引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter which)whoever 用法 “任何的人”.引導(dǎo)狀語從句： .Whoever sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith. = No matter who sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith. .Whoever studies hard, he can make progress later. = No matter who studies hard, he can make progress later.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：.Whoever studies hard can make progress later. .Give the book to whoever is interested in it.(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter who)必修二Module 3By the time sb. do/does,will have done ; sb. did, had done find/ make/ feel/ think/ believe/ consider + it + adj./n. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)我們相信通過學(xué)習(xí)有可能改變?nèi)松?。We believe it possible to change our life by learning.醫(yī)生認為你度個假期比較好。The doctor considered it better for you to have a holiday take a vocation.主語+ be + adj. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)1). What he said is difficult to understand.2). The book is easy to read.3). Chair is comfortable to sit on.do you think 作插入語的用法你認為他們何時會得出結(jié)論？When do you think they will come to a conclusion ? 你認為我會怎么處理這件事？How do you think I can deal with this matter?其他插入語：do you believe/ suppose/ imagine/ guess/ expect/ suggest注意：do you suggest 所在的句子要用虛擬語氣，即should+ do, should 可以省略必修二Module 41. situation；point；case；experience；story；family 這類詞充當先行詞時常用where或相應(yīng)介詞which。happen vi. 發(fā)生 (不能用于被動語態(tài)。)相關(guān)的短語： sth. happen to sb. 某事發(fā)生在某人身上 happen to do 碰巧做 happen to be doing 碰巧正發(fā)生 happen to have done 碰巧做過 = It happened that + 從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1）不用that, 只能用which的情況:a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時 The tree, (which is four hundred years old,) is very famous here. b) 介詞后不能用 Gun control is a subject, (about which Americans talked a lot.)2) 不用which, 只能用that的情況: a) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。 Finally, the thief handed everything (that he had stolen) to the police. b) 先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。 He is the very man (that helped the girl out of the water) . c) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、形容詞最高級時，只用that。. The first English book (that I read) was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin . d) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。 He talked about the teachers and schools( that he visited). e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復(fù)。譯作“認為”時，有下列句型consider sb./sth.(to be/as)認為某人是sb./sth. is considered (to be/as)某人被認為是sb is consideredto have done sth. 某人被認為做了某事consider itadj.to do sth. 認為做某事是sth/ sbcant stand + (sb/sbs) doing不能忍受being doneadopt vt.1) They adopted my suggestion. 采納2) The poor child was adopted by the couple. 收養(yǎng)3) Hes not my real father; Im adopted. 收養(yǎng) tell A and B apart把A和B區(qū)分開 tell A from B_ tell the difference between A and B說出A和B 的不同to tell (you) the truth 說實話 tell a story/joke/lie 講故事、講笑話、撒謊可接不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford ,agree, aim, attempt, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want ,wish, turn 完成句子 他買不起這么貴的小汽車。He cant afford to buy such an expensive car. 當老師進來的時候，他假裝正在讀書。When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading. 他主動提出開車去接我們。 He offered to pick us up. “疑問詞+不定式”也可作賓語，這樣的動詞有 teach, show, discuss, decide等。完成句子到目前為止他們還沒決定什么時候走. So far they havent decided when to leave. .他們正在討論如何解決這個問題。They are discussing how to deal with this problem. She practises playing the piano every day. v-ing 作賓語 下列動詞通常直接v-ing作賓語finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practice, suggest, risk, appreciate, admit等 ，你介意打開門嗎？Do you mind opening the door?她每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。She practises playing the piano every day. 一些動詞詞組由“動詞+介詞”組成的他們的后面也接v-ing 作賓語。常見的有：look forward to, get used to , put off, believe in, dream of , think of , give up, insist on, feel like, 等等。我盼望收到你的來信。Im looking forward to receiving your letter. .有些動詞接不定式和v-ing 作賓語意義不同，forget/remember to do忘了、記著要去做某事 forget /remember doing 忘了、記得做過某事regret to do 遺憾要做某事 regret doing 后悔做了某事stop to do 停下來做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事try to do 努力試圖去做某事 try doing 試著做某事（看看結(jié)果，效果）mean to do 打算要做 mean doing 意味著cant help to do 不能幫著做某事 cant help doing 禁不住做某事我本來打算去，但有事沒去。I had meant to go there, but something unexpected happened. 必修二Module 5congratulate祝賀其賓語是人;celebrate 祝賀，其賓語是物（ 節(jié)日、生日 、勝利、成功）aboard. aboard adv.& prep 在(船、飛機、火車上)-The plane crashed , killing 200 people aboard.-All aboard!-Welcome aboard!區(qū)別：abroad/ board A. abroad adv. 在國外-She often goes abroad on business. 她經(jīng)常因公出國。 - Ive never lived abroad before.-He was famous, both at home and abroad.B. board n. 木板，董事會v. 上船（或火車、飛機、公共汽車等） on board = aboard-I wrote the examples up on the board. -There is still only one woman on the board of directors. 在董事會3. Welcome to space ( 1 ) vt 歡迎，迎接President Hu Jintao will welcome 10 heads of states to Hainan Province for the 7th Boao For Asia next week .胡錦濤主席下周將赴海南迎接前來參加亞洲第七屆博鰲論壇的10國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。( 2 ) adj . 受歡迎的You are welcome to stay with us as long as you like . -Thank you for the coffee .- You are welcome .總結(jié)：Sb be welcome to do sth 歡迎某人干某事be welcome to sth./ to do sth. “可隨意取用某物或做某事”。You are welcome . 不用謝，別客氣。連詞有：because，as，since，now that， seeing that, considering that,because通常表示直接的、主要的原因，從句通常置于句尾，也可置于句首，語氣比較強回答why提出的問題；as和since表示明顯的、已知的原因，從句通常放在句首；for表示補充說明或推測的原因，從句必須后置，且必須用逗號和主句分開。（1）because由因?qū)Ч?，because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving? Im leaving because Im full.（2）for語氣較because要弱得多，只能置于主句之后，對前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷如：Its morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。）（3）since，as“既然，由于”，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時卻相反。Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, lets start.”(4)下列情況下只能使用because:在回答why的問句時； 在用于強調(diào)句型時； 被not所否定時。 (5) 一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, as a result of等。- He couldnt walk because his leg was broken/ because of his broken leg-They stayed in because the weather was bad/because of the bad weather必修二Module 61.interest: N.意思： （1）興趣 (2) 股份短語：對感興趣be interested in have /take interest in 對失去興趣lose interest in 共同利益common interests2.it is generally agreed that 人們一致同意與此類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is/ was said / belie