英語必修三2014年高考復(fù)習(xí)必備知識(shí)(絕對(duì)有用).doc

Unit 1II. Vocabulary:Beauty-beautiful-beautify, harvest, celebration-celebrate, starve-starvation, origin-original, religion- religious, ancestor Mexico-Mexican, feast, bone, belief-believe, trick poet-poem, arrival-arrive, gain, independence- independent depend-dependentdependence, gather, agriculture - agricultural award-reward, rooster, admire-admiration energetic-energy, Easter, clothing-clothes-cloth, Christian-Christ-Christmas, custom, worldwide, fool foolish, permission-permit parking-park, apologize-apology drown-drowning, sadness-sad obvious-obviously, wipe, weep, remind, forgive-forgave-forgivenIII. Language points: 1. mean 1) mean+ to do打算,意欲 2) mean+ n/ pron/that從句-意思3）mean+ v-ing意味 meaning (n) 意思 meaningful (a) 有意義的2. celebrate (v) celebration (n) 慶祝活動(dòng) hold a celebration/ celebrations 3. take place 不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)take sbs place/ take the place of sb= replace sbtake place 指經(jīng)過安排的事情happen 偶然發(fā)生，碰巧發(fā)生break out 災(zāi)難、疾病、戰(zhàn)爭等突然爆發(fā)4. would+ v 過去常常5. starve starve for 急需starve to death 餓死6. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.1) v 尊敬,給以榮譽(yù)2) in honor of 為了紀(jì)念A(yù) festival is set to honor/ in honor of the hero.Do harm to sb= harm sb Do more harm than good 7. in memory of 紀(jì)念,悼念8. arrive (v) arrival (n)The arrival of the plane has been delayed._ my arrival at school, Mr Li was there.9. gain (n/ v) I gained a lot from my teacher. No pains, no gains.10. gather 1) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened. 聚集,集合 (vi)2) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. 收集 (vt)11. award 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) reward 回報(bào),報(bào)酬 He received an award of 1,000 dollars. He was awarded a medal for his excellent work. 12. admire admire sb for sth They admired our garden. I admired him for his success in business.13. look forward to(介詞) + n/ v-ing Im looking forward to his coming. -ward 向著方向 backward 向后 forward 向前14. As though/ if 好象 15. have fun with sb 1. parking lot2. turn up3. keep ones words4. hold ones breath5. obviousit was obvious that6. set off7. remind ofUnit 2 Healthy eating語法：Modal Verbs -ought/oughtnt to；Should/shouldnt; mustnt; neednt; (dont) have to; will; can/cantI. 本單元詞匯：diet, nut, bean, pea, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, mushroom, peach, lemon, balance, barbecue, mutton, roast, fry, ought, bacon, slim, curiosity, hostess, raw, vinegar, lie, customer, discount, weakness, strength, consult, fiber, digest, carrot, debt, glare, spy, limit, limited, benefit, breast, garlic, sigh, combineIII. 單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)（1）： 1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.feeling very frustrated 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作伴隨狀語eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴隨) Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表時(shí)間) Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因) The child fell, striking his head against the ground.(表結(jié)果)2. His restaurant ought to be full of people. Ought to 1) to show a moral duty 表示一種道義上的責(zé)任，應(yīng)該Eg.She ought to look after her child better. You ought to study hard to get a high mark. 2)ought to have done 表示本應(yīng)該，而卻沒有Eg.You ought to have come yesterday. 3.He thought of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. 過去分詞短語作后置定語，表被動(dòng)。 = which were cooked in the hottest oil. Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful. 4.Nothing could have been better.比較級(jí)與否定詞連用表示最高級(jí)。 = All his food could have been the best. Eg.I have never seen a better film. There is nothing I like so much as playing football. 5.Tired of all that fat?Tired of 厭煩的 He is tired of doing the same thing all year round.Tired out 筋疲力盡 I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain.Tired from 因而疲倦 I was very tied from running fast.6. get away with sth./doing sth. a)不因某事而受懲罰。I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam.b)偷攜某物潛逃。The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.c)收到較輕的懲罰。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.7. lie 謊言，說謊1）The program was full of lies.2) He lied to his wife so that he could come home late.單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)（2）：1.Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. earn ones living by =live by=make a living by靠謀生 eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door. 2.He didnt look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. Be in debt 欠債。 Be out of debt 還清債務(wù)。Be in sb.s debt 欠某人人情。Eg. Saving my life, I am forever in your debt.3.She didnt look happy but glared at him. Glare at 怒視，帶有敵意 Eg. “How could you do that？”he said, glaring at his mother. Glance at 掃視 Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. Stare at 張大眼睛死死地盯著 Eg.She stared at him in surprise.4.Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola. Agree to (do) sth. 表示“同意某事或某建議”，后只能跟表“提議，計(jì)劃，方案，打算，安排” Eg.He agreed to their proposal. He agreed to get someone to help us. Agree with sb. 同意某人Eg.I agree with every word you said. Agree on sth. 表示在某事上取得一致的意見Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting.5.But dont you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式（be用were），而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用would(should, could ,might)+動(dòng)詞原形。例如： If I were you, I should study English better. If he had time, he would attend the meeting.6. spy (v/n) 監(jiān)視，偵查，看見，間諜1) 暗中監(jiān)視；偵查。 It is impolite to spy into other peoples windows.2) 看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)。 He suddenly spied an old friend in the supermarket.7.before long 和long before 1)before long是介詞短語，在句子中作狀語，意思為：“不久后，很快”。多與將來時(shí)或者過去時(shí)連用。如：I shall visit you again before long. 2)long before是副詞短語，意思為：“很久以前”，多與完成時(shí)連用。如： He had taken a doctors degree long before. Before不僅可以用作副詞，還可以用作介詞或者連詞，這時(shí)long before的意思為: “早在之前”。如：He had come to America long before the war.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-Note重點(diǎn)單詞、短語unbelievable birthplace patience (patient) silly indeed adventure tiny author wander bay loneliness fault character spot unpaid playwright rude scream genuine scene account seek( sought-sought )短語： 1、make a bet on sth / that 2、do with / deal with 3、a large amount of 4、go ahead 5、as a matter of fact 6、 by accident / chance 7、stare at 8、give up 9、 account for 10、to be honest 11、care about12、show out 13、take a chance 14、be / dress in rags 15、be disappointed in sb 16、be worth doing 17、work as 18、in a rude manner 19、be jealous of 20、even if / though 21、as for 22、be filled with 23、 get into trouble 24、permit (doing) sth 25、permit sb to do sth 26、mind sth / sb. 27、be spotted by 28、be about to do 29、be/ get lost 30、be patient with 31. bring up 32. on the contrary 重點(diǎn)句子：（Notes to the text :Unit 3 page 80-page 83）language point（語言點(diǎn)）1. go ahead(1) 進(jìn)行；發(fā)生The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned. 新橋的建設(shè)將會(huì)按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。(2) 前進(jìn)；繼續(xù)做Despite the bad weather, they still went ahead with their plans. 盡管天氣不好，他們?nèi)园从?jì)劃繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。(3) 取得進(jìn)展，取得進(jìn)步He is always going ahead. 他一直在進(jìn)步。(4) (祈使句) 做吧，請(qǐng)吧 May I start now？我可以開始了嗎？ Yes, go ahead.好，開始吧。2. stare at 注視，盯著看He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 我盯著那個(gè)詞看，想要回憶起它的意思。Its rude to stare at other people. 盯著別人看是不禮貌的。3. find sb/oneself done/ doing/adj/n/prep-phraseWhen day broke, I found myself in a small village. 破曉，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我身處在一個(gè)村莊里。I found myself lying on the bed. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我躺在床上。He found himself surrounded by many students. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他被許多學(xué)生圍著。He found himself walking in the direction of the park. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在往公園的方向前行。I found him difficult to get along well with. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他很難相處。4. spot spotless spotted(1) v. (用眼睛)挑出，察出，認(rèn)出I spotted her in the crowd. 我從人群中認(rèn)出了他。(2) v 使染上斑點(diǎn)；點(diǎn)上污點(diǎn) The ink spotted her white shirt. 我把她的白色襯衫上弄上了污點(diǎn)。(3) n 斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；圓點(diǎn) She had spots on her face when she was ill. 她生病的時(shí)候，臉上出現(xiàn)了斑點(diǎn)。(4) n 地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所 This is a nice spot for a house. 這是一個(gè)建房子的好地方。5、order n 叫/要的菜 May I take you order now? 您的菜點(diǎn)好了嗎？ n 順序，次序 The books are arranged in order of size. 書籍按尺寸碼放。 n 命令 Soldiers must obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。 We did it on his order. 我們奉他之命做了那件事。 v 命令 The officer ordered his soldiers to march. 長官命令他的士兵前進(jìn)。 v 預(yù)訂，訂購I have ordered a new computer from the shop. 我從商店里訂購了一臺(tái)新電腦。Ive ordered a steak. 我點(diǎn)了一份牛排。 6. take a chance 碰運(yùn)氣As for whether he will win the game or not, we must take a chance. 對(duì)于他能否取勝，我們只能碰運(yùn)氣。 7、 manner n 方法；方式Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你為什么用這種奇怪的方式談話？ 態(tài)度；舉止He talked to her in a very rude manner. 他很粗魯?shù)睾退f話。 禮貌，禮節(jié)；風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗Its bad manners to talk with a mouth full. 嘴里有食物時(shí)說話不禮貌。You should have good manners all the time. 你應(yīng)該時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都講禮貌。These are the manners and customs of the Chinese. 這些是中國人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。(4) genuine adj 真正的； 真實(shí)的；名副其實(shí)的We cannot make sure it is a genuine painting. 我們不能確認(rèn)它是一幅真畫。 辨析： genuine指物品的來歷或性質(zhì)同所說的是一致的。如: a genuine antique 一件真古董。genuine knowledge 真知；真正的知識(shí) real adj 真實(shí)的； 真正的；指從外表看來不是虛假或偽造的 That is a real dog, not a toy. 那是一條真狗，而不是一個(gè)玩具。 true adj 意為“真實(shí)的；確實(shí)的；確切的” 指符合實(shí)際情況。It is true that he has won the prize. 他確實(shí)贏得了獎(jiǎng)品。Is it true that he is rich? 他很富有，是真的嗎？8、 in rags穿著破舊衣服；穿得破破爛爛的(狀態(tài))The old man is in rags. 那個(gè)老人穿得破破爛爛的。9、 indeed adv 的確是；實(shí)在是；當(dāng)然 Did you hear the explosion last night? 你昨晚聽見爆炸聲了嗎？ Indeed I did. 我確實(shí)聽到了。 (表示驚奇、反語等)真是的；的確 I earn $1000 a day. 我一天賺一千美元。 Indeed? 真的嗎?10、from the bottom of ones heart 衷心地，真誠地；發(fā)自內(nèi)心地It was a request from the bottom of my heart. 這是我發(fā)自內(nèi)心的請(qǐng)求。 拓展：break ones heart 讓某人傷心 learn sth by heart 記住 heart and soul 全心全意地 lose heart 失去信心 lose ones heart to sb = fall in love with sb 愛上某人(1) 賓語從句：引導(dǎo)詞為that; whether/ if; what; which; who; whom; whose; when; where; how; why and so on. The object clause can be placed after vt, prep, and some adj. 語法： 名詞性從句（賓語從句、表語從句）1、賓語從句：注意事項(xiàng) 用陳述句的語序。注意從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)（主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用各種時(shí)態(tài)；主句是過去時(shí)，從句用過去的時(shí)態(tài)，包括過去、過去進(jìn)行、過去完成、過去將來），表示客觀真理或普遍事實(shí)時(shí)除外。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是advise, demand, request, order, suggest, insist時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用should +v.主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語是think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine時(shí)，否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，一般省略。不省略的情況為：a. 從句位于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)；b. 及物動(dòng)詞后的第二個(gè)及以后的賓語從句；c. 謂語動(dòng)詞和that從句間有短語隔開時(shí)；d. 在復(fù)合賓語中；e. 賓語從句由“從句+主句”構(gòu)成，從句的引導(dǎo)詞緊跟在主句謂語動(dòng)詞后，that不省。2、 表語從句： 從屬連詞引導(dǎo)The question is whether we should ask them for help.The fact remains that you are still behind the others. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)Guilin is not what it used to be.What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)That is where Lu Xun used to live.That is why he didnt pass the exam.That was how they were defeated.注：還可由as if 或as though引導(dǎo)。It looks as if it were going to rain.Unit4重點(diǎn)單詞、詞組單詞astronomy, system, religion theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, , carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, acids, chain, multiplied, oxygen, exist, thus, dioxide, gravity, satellite, physicist, climate, crash, spaceship, pull float, weight詞組solar system, begin with，in all direction, in time, lay eggs give birth to, prevent. from, depend on, block out, cheer up, now that, get the hang of, break out, watch out.重點(diǎn)句子：1. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.2. The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.3. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen water vapour, and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.4. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.5. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.6. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.7. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.8. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.language point1. explode vt. & vi.（使）爆炸；爆發(fā)vt. & vi. （使某物）爆炸，炸開explode a bombThe firework exploded in his hand.vi. (感情)突然迸發(fā)，(人口等)突然或迅速增加1) At last, his anger exploded. 他終于大發(fā)雷霆。2) She exploded into loud laughter. 他突然大笑起來。Because they didnt have proper birth control policy, the population exploded.2. in time 1)sooner or later; eventually; Ill see him in time. Youll succeed in time if you work hard.2) not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 與time相關(guān)的短語: in no time 立刻,馬上 at times 有時(shí) at a time 每次;依次 once upon a time 從前 on time 按時(shí);準(zhǔn)時(shí) at one time 從前 for the time being 暫時(shí)from time to time 不時(shí)地 kill time 消遣, 消磨時(shí)光take ones time 不著急, 慢慢來 3. fundamental十分重大的；根本的 fundamental differenceHard work is fundamental to success 4. by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把. 放在.; 產(chǎn)卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;產(chǎn)卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 說謊 The naughty boy lied to me that the hen that lay there just now had laid two eggs the day before.5. give birth to 1) 生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 2) 產(chǎn)生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.6. prevent.fromThe heavy snow prevented the children going to school. We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything.Ps: prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 和stop sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略，而keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略. 用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，三者中的from都不能省略。7. depend vi. 相信,信賴;依靠,依賴 (尤指錢); 視而定1) Good health depends on good food, enough sleep and exercise.2) 他是個(gè)可信賴的人。He is a man to be depended on.3) You cant depend on your parents forever. depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做什么4) -Will you go skiing with me this winter/-It/That (all/just) depends. 視情況而定dependable 可信賴的8.block out1、擋住、遮?。ü饩€或聲音）Black clouds blocked out the sun.2、忘掉、抹去（不愉快的事情）Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.9.Cheer up 1）Cheer sb./ sth. UpOh, come on-cheer up.Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.2）使顏色變亮Bright curtains can cheer up a dull room.10. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法1). “A + be + 倍數(shù) + as +形容詞原級(jí) + as + B”. This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2). “A + be + 倍數(shù) +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 長江差不多比珠江長兩倍。The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校的多三倍。 3). “A + be + 倍數(shù) + the +名詞 (size, length, amount) + of + B”The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。11. now thatNow that you are busy, let me do it for you.Now that everyone is here，lets start work12. break out 它與happen, take place, come out等詞的用法一樣，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1) （戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災(zāi)難）爆發(fā)The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年。2) 發(fā)生爭吵A quarrel broke out between them. 他們之間發(fā)生了爭吵。break down 打破; 毀掉; 破除; 坍塌; 壞掉break in 破門而入; 打斷break through 突圍; 突破; 沖垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise 食言; 說話不算數(shù) Unit 5 Canada “The True North”III語言點(diǎn)1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada. 她們不想一路乘飛機(jī)，她們決定先飛到溫哥華，再從西海岸乘火車橫穿加拿大到達(dá)東海岸。rather than 表示客觀事實(shí)，意為“是而不是；與其不如”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個(gè)海員，不如說他是一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)者。 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我們是在教室里開會(huì)，不是在大廳里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我們應(yīng)該幫助他而不是他應(yīng)該幫助我們。 rather than 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野營。 2. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 考例 The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (上海) A. which B. whether C. what D. that3. in; on; to4. settle down 舒適地坐下/躺下 對(duì)(工作/生活)定下心來 使平靜 1) 那個(gè)老人希望他兒子結(jié)婚并定居下來。The old man hoped his son would marry and settle down.2) 這種藥片能使你安靜一整天。This kind of pills can settle you down for a whole day.settle down to sth. / v-ing開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待；靜下心來做3) 他們終于開始討論一些主要問題了。They finally settled down to a discussion of the main issues.5. manage to do = succeed in doing sth. 是“設(shè)法做、設(shè)法完成某事”的意思。1) Although he hasnt received any formal education, Mr Wang managed to finish his task.2) We should manage to realize our dream. 辨析 manage to do sth.的意思是“設(shè)法成功地完成”；try to do sth.的意思是“盡力做（但結(jié)果不一定成功）”。如：He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)并順利通過了考試。He tried to pass the exam, but failed because of laziness. 他試圖想通過考試，但是由于懶惰而最終失敗了。6. across; through; along; overeg. It is dangerous to rush across the street if you dont watch out for