2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案3.doc

2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案(17)The Look Younger DietIs the Fountain of Youth a myth? Not entirely, many experts in nutrition now believe, Age fast, or age slowits up to you. declares Dr. Kenneth Cooper, president and founder of the Aerobics Center in Dallas. Jeffrey Blumberg, associate director of the U. S. Department of Agricultures Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston, agrees, Research shows that many so-called age-related declines in physiological function seem to have less to do with aging than with environmental factors like diet and exercise. Obesity (過(guò)度肥胖 ) is one of the leading causes of accelerated aging, according to Cooper, If you lose weight, stop smoking, and exercise, he says, you can slow the aging processand make dramatic changes in your looks in a relatively short period of time. A 37-year-old sales director for a Boston computer-distribution company is a prime example. Over six feet tall, he had been considerably overweight most of his like. Then he began to worry that his appearance could be hurting his career. I got tired of people thinking I was the same age as my brother, whos nearly nine years older, he says, When youre fat, people in the business world assume youre out of control. Determined to change, the sales director entered a hospital-based diet program and dropped over 70 pounds. I feeland lookten years younger. he says.At 82, Clarice R. Mc Williams, a retired business owner in Dallas, has the appearance, skin tone (膚色) and mental agility of someone many years younger. Most people think Im in my 60s. she boasts.Mc Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks, but believes diet is an important factor. It doesnt matter how good the genes are if you dont eat properly and take care of yourself, she says. If you want to look good, get plenty of rest, exercise every day, eat mostly raw fruits and vegetablesand quit worrying. Says Blumberg, Theres certainly a link between good nutrition, a positive attitude and improved quality of life. People can have a say in whats going on with their bodies by selecting a healthful diet. Skin. Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates, the skin stretches with each up cycle, but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result, the skin may sag(松弛下垂).A severely deficient diet can lead to skin disorders, dramatically affecting ones appearance. By the same token, a well-balanced diet with ample supplies of nutrients is thought by many experts to produce a glowing, younger look.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal, healthy skin. Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple, preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells. Good sources of zinc are beef, eggs and seafood, while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. Other foods containing ample amounts of beta carotene include carrots, cantaloupe, winter squash, sweet potatoes, sweet red peppers, apricots and mangoes.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen(膠原) , the fibrous protein that lies beneath the skins surface and gives it a smooth appearance. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, snow peas, red and green peppers, broccoli, white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon, honeydew melon and cantaloupe.Greens are excellent sources of skin-preserving nutrients and, generally, the darker the leaves, the more nutritious. Romaine lettuce, for example has about six times as much vitamin C and eight times as much beta carotene as iceberg lettuce.How food is prepared matters too. The longer vegetables cook, the greater the loss of vitamins and texture. Dont soak vegetables when washing them, since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.Blumberg also recommends drinking six to eight glasses of water or other fluids each day to help keep skin and other tissues hydrated. Thats especially important for older people, he says, who are at risk for dehydration because their thirst drive becomes blunted with age. Coffee, colas and tea arent the best sources, since they contain caffeine, a diuretic that induces water loss.Hair. Healthy, shining hair is second only to vibrant skin for making one look younger. Yet many people unwittingly mistreat their hair by eating an unbalanced diet.When a 33-year-old employee at a Texas corporation decided to lose weight quickly, she went on a fad diet, high in fiber and bulk, but low in protein. Over three months, she lost a lot of weight. She also lost a good deal of her hair.Dermatologist (皮膚病學(xué)家) David Alkek, a clinical professor at the University of Texas Southwest Medical Center at Dallas, sees too many cases like this womans. When diets dont contain enough amino acids, the building blocks of protein, theres dramatic increase in hair loss as the body breaks down its own protein.Hair and skin cells are constantly reproducing and are, therefore, very sensitive to nutritional deficiencies, explains Dr. Alkek. Foods high in amino acids include meats, eggs, milk, grains and legumes. Just remember that the body cannot store protein. So foods high in protein must be ingested daily. Under Alkeks care, the woman began eating nutritionally balanced meals, and her hair was restored in about eight months.Immune system. Vitamins E and C and beta carotene, known as antioxidants (抗氧化劑 ) , are considered powerful disease-fighters, capable of slowing down or preventing a number of ailments typically associated with aging.A growing body of evidence suggests that aging and decline in immune function may result in part from accumulated damage to cells caused by certain toxic compounds called free radicals (自由基). Antioxidants seem to counteract or impair the ability of these substances to attack healthy cells, thus avoiding at least some of the damage. Foods containing these nutrients are being linkedby science rather than mythto the control and prevention of heart disease and cancer, stroke, cataracts and to the bodys ability to ward off infectious diseases.Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy, youthful appearance. And the key to good general nutrition is balance. Proteins should make up roughly ten percent of your daily calorie intake; no more than 30 percent should come from fats; and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates. 1. The passage primarily tells us how to lose weight so as to improve ones appearance.2. Dark-green leafy vegetables are good sources of beta carotene.3. When one gains weight, the skin becomes loose.4. It is particularly important for the old to drink 6 to 8 glasses of water to help keep skin and other tissues hydrated.5. Food low in protein is harmful to hair.6. Free radicals play an important role in immune function.7. In order to look younger, one should cut back on fats.8. Amino acids are the building blocks of_.9. Genes are_than diet in determining ones looks.10. The body changes_into vitamin A.答案1. N 2. Y 3. N 4. Y 5. Y 6. N 7. NG 8. protein 9. less important 10. beta carotene2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案(18)Many people often enjoy eating out either before or after a visit to the theatre. However, most of us would rather keep the two 11 separate. One man who thinks that they can be successfully combined has not only expressed his ideas in a recent book, but also set up an establishment where the theory is put very 12 into practice. The man is Paul Thornton, and the place is the Hollics, an old farmhouse.Whenever I visit a new restaurant, I feel the same excitement that keen theatre-goers must experience on opening night. I had this feeling last Friday evening at dusk, as my wife and I were taking a walk in the beautiful gardens of the restaurant 13 after we had arrived. Dinner was as excellent as we had been 14 . There is no menu, for Mr. Thornton creates his meals rather as a director produces a play. Nevertheless, the various combinations of 15 at each course are always 16 as if they were done by magic. He and his team of highly skilled helpers serve, cut and cook the food, moving about the stage as confidently as 17 actors. The meal is as different from what one finds in ordinary restaurants as a 18 performance of A Midsummer Nights Dream would be from a second-rate television production.May I offer a few words of advice in case you are thinking of paying him a visit. Try not to arrive just after noon, as Mr. Thornton does not serve a normal lunch. His brunch which 19 the best 20 of a traditional English breakfast, is served around eleven oclock and is so plentiful that lunch is unnecessary.選詞填空：A. features B. shortly C. potential D. definitelyE. perfect F. promoted G. live H. professional I. charactersJ. promised K. choices L. includes M. pleasures N. vigorously O. substitutions 答案11. M 12. D 13. B 14. J 15. K 16. E 17. H 18. G 19. L 20. A2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案(19)40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you cant enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.21. The first games for the disabled were held_after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrivedin England.A. 40 years B. 21 yearsC. 10 years D. 9 years22. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in_.A. New York B. LondonC. Rome D. Los Angeles23. In Paragraph 3, the word athletes means_.A. people who support the games B. people who watch the gamesC. people who organize the games D. people who compete in the games24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.25. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is _.A. one of the organizers of the game for the disabledB. a disabled person who once took part in the gamesC. against holding the games for the disabledD. in favor of holding the games for the disabled答案21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. D2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案(20)It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the groups standards of behavior and thinking. Many illustrations (例證) could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure. Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses. It would be a mistake to think that only particular changeable people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used.In a typical experiment, this is what may happen. The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating(合作) with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. When his turn comes he is faced with the unanimous (一致的 ) opinion of the rest of the groupall the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they know the group choice was incorrect but that they yield to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion, or because they were afraid of being different.26. The psychologists are particularly interested in_.A. the changes in the attitudes of the peopleB. the degree of changes of peoples opinionsC. the result of the experimentD. the difference in peoples characters27. People who are usually chosen to take part in the experiments are_.A. stubborn and independent B. intelligentC. ignorant and docile D. capable of reasoning28. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The experimenter and all the members of the group except the victim know the purpose of the experiment.B. All of them know the purpose of the experiment.C. Only the experimenter knows the purpose of the experiment.D. Only the victim knows the purpose of the experiment.29. More than half of the victims changed their opinion because_.A. someone in the group changed their opinionB. they thought their eyes must be deceivedC. they thought the group choice was correct.D. they had been told about the answer30. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to_.A. illustrate the influence of the groups pressure on individuals behaviorB. invite more volunteers to join in Aschs experimentC. tell the audience how to perform psychological experimentD. encourage people to act against the groups opinion答案26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)及答案(21)The Man on the Street and the Men on the MoonDoes walking on the moon make life better for people on earth? Considering all the problems of our own world, why should we be spending huge sums on trips to outer space? Such questions as these are often asked, especially by those whose tax money is paying for space exploration. The answers to these questions are many and varied.Up to now, the practical benefits resulting from space research have included the development of new methods and skills, new processes, new services, new products, and even new companies created to make use of what has been learned through space travel. Also among the benefits are better education (especially in scientific subjects), more efficient management, higher quality of industrial products, and rapid economic growth. People all over the world are now served by improved weather predictions, better communication systems, and better understanding of the earth and its environment. Everyone will benefit as observations from space make it possible to measure the earths resources and to observe whether or not they are being used properly. Increasingly, the space program will help our world deal with the problems of the environment. It has already brought a new appreciation of the complex system of which man is only a part.One of the first areas of daily life to feel the effects of space travel was education. Americans felt challenged by the news of Sputnik I in 1957. Immediately their government responded by providing greatly increased financial support for U. S. education. Emphasis was placed on teaching more science and leaching it better, from the elementary grades through post-graduate school. Because education emphasized science and engineering, thousands of scientists and engineers were produced. These specialists participated more widely in government and industry than ever before.In discussing how space travel has contributed to life on earth, some writers also emphasize the management methods which were developed in the effort to land men on the moon. That complex operation required new methods