英語短語at in on.doc

小品詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語(1) 小品詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語(2) 介詞in, on和at表示時間,地點和狀態(tài)的常用短語 人體部位和英語習語 一些短語的由來 成對的英語短語 小品詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語(1) 在英語中，有動詞和小品詞（up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away）構(gòu)成的動詞短語很多，有時很難猜出它們的意義，筆者收集了常見的動詞短語, 通過分析小品詞的意義，對這一類的短語進行分類，找出它們的規(guī)律，以便更好地掌握它們, 注意有些短語意義很接近, 這要結(jié)合例句和上下文掌握它們的用法。 1. up 1) 向上（toward or into a higher position） lift 舉起 climb 爬上 come 上升 get 起來 stand 站起來 pick 檢起 draw 升起 grow 長大 hand 拖起 put 舉起 send 使上升 rise 升起 look 抬起頭 zip 拉上 hold 舉起 pile 堆起 dig 挖出 take 拿起 build 樹立 set 建立 2) 完成，結(jié)束(expressing completeness and finality) finish 完成 drink 喝干 eat 吃光 burn 燒光 wash 洗凈 use 用光 fill 裝滿 pay 付清 settle 解決 lick 甜凈 sum 總結(jié)， open 透露 end 結(jié)束 let 中止, 減少 draw 停止 close 停止，關(guān)閉 swallow 吞沒 beat 痛打 cover 掩蓋 break 結(jié)束，分解 wind 結(jié)束 3) 離開，消滅(expressing separation and destroy) break 拆開，驅(qū)散cut 切碎 split 分裂 divide 分割 smash 搗毀 blow 炸毀 wither 枯死 tear 撕碎 give 放棄 fold 垮臺 dry 枯竭，干涸crack 撞壞 clutter 使散亂 litter 亂丟雜物 4) 增加，變強(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree. (1). mount 增加pick 振作，加快pluck 振作 turn 開打，開大, 出現(xiàn) shake 震驚 steam 使發(fā)怒 stir 激起，攪起ease 放松 warm 興奮 speak 大聲說 heat 變熱 total 加總 tense 緊張 gather 收集 speed 加速 screw 振作 build 增大 show 顯現(xiàn) cheer 振作起來stir 刺激 work 激動，刺激 (2). 用在帶-en后綴的動詞后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en） brighten 發(fā)亮 fatten 發(fā)胖 freshen 使新鮮 harden 變硬 sharpen 變快 smarten 變精明 strengthen 加強sweeten 變甜 tighten 使緊密 toughen 使強壯soften 變軟 5). 變好，改善( as to be better and proper)bring 撫育 check 核對 clear 清理，晴天clean 整理 do 整理 patch 修理 polish 擦亮, 改進light 點亮 tune 調(diào)整 tidy 整理 rub 擦亮 train 訓練，培養(yǎng) make 化裝, 和解, 彌補buy 囤積 figure 計算 fix 修理,整理 take 從事 6) 關(guān)住，鎖緊，固定住(firmly, tightly and closely) shut 關(guān)閉 lock 鎖住 tie 栓住 chain 鎖住 nail 釘住 fasten 系住 pin 釘住 bind 裝訂 bar 關(guān)住 block 堵塞 choke 堵塞 save 存起來 store 貯藏 stock 儲存 cover 掩蓋 wrap 包住 lay 儲存 hold 延誤 keep 堅持 7) 向說話人的方向（to the place where the speaker is） go run rush drive walk catch swim march come 2. down 1) 向下的位置（to or into a lower position） cast 扔下 cut 砍倒 get 下來 hand 傳下來 knock 撞倒 lay 放下 let 放下 pour 傾盆而下 pull 拉下 set 放下 sit 坐下 step 走下來 throw 扔下 turn 拆下 take 取下 blow 吹倒 bring 打倒 hang 垂下 sink 沉落 slip 失足 squat 蹲下 swallow 吞下 stoop 伏身 splash 飛濺而下 touch 降落 bend 彎下 bow 鞠躬 kneel 跪下 lie 躺下 strip 脫下 2) 減少（強度，量和體積）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk) dwindle 減少 die 變?nèi)酰饾u停止go 平靜下來 mark 削減 hold 壓低 burn (火)減弱, 燒壞 slow 慢下來 burn 燒掉 wash 沖淡 clean 弄干凈 rub 擦干凈 bring 降低 keep 縮減 trim 裁減 water 沖淡 thin 減少 run 用光衰弱 wear 削減，磨損come 下跌 knock 降價 3) 停止，減弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power) close 關(guān)閉 drop 突然停止 break 壞了，中止run 停止 settle 平靜下來 cool 冷靜下來 turn 拒絕 die 停止 lay 失望 put 鎮(zhèn)壓 4) 緊緊地，牢牢地(firmly, tightly) fasten 系牢 chain 鏈住，栓住clamp 夾住 nail 釘住 pin 扣牢 hammer 釘上 tie 栓住 bind 捆綁 draw 停下來 5) 寫下，記下(on paper or in writing) write 寫下 copy 抄下 note 記下 take 記下 put 記下 get 記下 have 寫下 3 on 1) 繼續(xù)(continuously) carry drive fight hold keep live sleep sing walk go hurry move read follow struggle insist 堅持 2) 連上，固定住，(in or into a state of being connected) act 對起作用catch 抓牢 come 跟隨 count 依賴 draw 帶上，穿上fasten 糾纏，抓牢 fit 固定 get 接近 paste 粘住 turn 打開 switch 打開 pin 釘住 put 穿上 try 試穿 pull 穿上 hang 不掛斷 build 建立于 leave 留住 take 穿下 rely 依靠 depend 依靠 3) 向前，向上(forward, onward) add 加上 mark 標上 paint 漆上 press 向前 pass 傳遞 send 轉(zhuǎn)送 stamp 蓋章于 get 上車 hand 傳送 4) 開始某活動(in or into an active operation) work 從事 fall 攻擊 hit 突然向起 bring 引起 get 取得進展 look 旁觀, 觀看call 拜訪 figure 打算,希望 fix 決心 get 進步, 友好相處pick 批評 plan 打算 decide 決定 reflect 思考, 反思remark 評論，議論settle 決定 spur 鼓勵 urge 督促 4. off 1) 離開(indicating departure)blow 吹掉 drive 擊退 get 下車，動身lift 離開地面 make 逃走 move 離去 pack 打發(fā)走 see 送行 ship 運往 start 動身 send 送行，解雇call 叫走 let 放出 take 起飛 touch 發(fā)射 give 發(fā)出 clear 走開 carry 奪走 2) 去掉，斷開(indicating removal or disconnection) cut 切斷 tear 扯掉 take 拿走 chip 切下 come 脫落 cross 除去 drop 跌落 fall 脫落 flick 彈掉 peel 剝掉 pull 撕開 rub 擦掉 scrape 掛去 shave 剃去 wash 洗掉 shake 抖落 throw 扔開 rip 扯開 turn 關(guān)掉 strip 脫去 switch 關(guān)掉 take 脫掉 shut 關(guān)掉 wear 磨損 go 爆炸 break 中斷 3) 完成，停止(indicating completion) finish 結(jié)束 pay 付清 break 停止，中斷send 結(jié)束 leave 停止 pass 終止，停止 sign 停止播音 wear 消失， write 注銷，購銷bring 完成 call 取消 lay 停止, 解雇 4) 著地(down to the ground) fall 落下 jump 跳下 knock 擊倒 slip 滑倒 5. in 1) 進入，向里(into, inside, indoors) barge 闖入 beat 打進 break 闖入,插嘴breathe 吸入 burst 闖入，打斷drop 偶然拜訪 fall 跌入 get 插入，收進 knock 打入 lead 導入 let 進入，嵌入 move 遷入 step 走進 settle 遷入 smuggle 偷偷運進cut 插嘴 call 來訪 draw （火車）進站intervene 介入 involve 卷入 2) 包圍，關(guān)閉(to be surrounded, or enclosed) close 包圍，封閉lock 禁閉 shut 關(guān)進 wall 圍住 3) 加入，記入(to be added, or included) book 登記 check 簽到 count 記入 fill 填入 hand 交上 take 吸收 send 呈交 6. out 1) 向外（away from the inside, outside） keep 使在外 take 拿出 put 放出，伸出come 長出， bring 拿出 bar 關(guān)在外 breathe 呼吸出 eat 出去吃 get 弄出 go 出去 lay 擺開，展示lock 關(guān)在外面 look 向外看 move 搬出 point 指出 pour 訴說 pull 拉出 ship 運出 stick 伸出 spit 吐出 beat 敲出 knock 敲出 dine 外出吃飯 drive 駕車外出 leak 漏出 draw 拉出 see 送出門去 draw 出站 let 放出, 釋放 2) 結(jié)束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist) burn 燒盡，燒斷clear 清除 dust 清除 fade 消失 put 撲滅 run 用完 use 耗盡 give 耗盡 comb 淘汰 kick 逐出 wipe 消滅 die 滅絕 rub 擦掉 blot 除去 blow 吹熄 bleach 漂白 carry 完成，執(zhí)行l(wèi)eave 省去 see 完成 go 熄滅 come 罷工，結(jié)果cut 刪去，停止hold 堅持到底 sell 買完 tire 筋疲力盡 wear 磨損 3) 大聲（in a loud voice, aloud） sing cry shout call ，喊，申斥 spell speak scream read yell sob burst 咆哮 4) 分發(fā)，傳開(to a number of people or in all directions) give 分發(fā) spread 傳開 set 出發(fā) hand 分發(fā) share 分配 divide 分配 call 出動 start 出發(fā) send 發(fā)送 break 爆發(fā)，逃脫serve 分發(fā)口糧 drop 離開,退出 5) 搞清，弄明白(in or into notice and clearness) find 找出 figure 算出，解決make 弄清 count 點清 come 出版，出現(xiàn)catch 看出 carry 完成， bear 證明 bring 發(fā)表，說出fill 使完全, 添滿write 寫出 7. over 1) 向下(downwards from an upright position) knock 撞倒 turn 翻轉(zhuǎn) fall 臉朝下跌倒trip 拌倒 bend 伏身 look 從上面看 2) 自始至終，通過, 重復(from beginning to end, through, again and again) look 調(diào)查 think 考慮 see 查看 run 匆匆看 talk 商量 call 點名 read 讀一遍 go 復習 do 重復 glance 瀏覽 skip 略過 ponder 思考 3) 向上，向外，(indicating motion upwards or outwards) run 溢出 spill 溢出 boil 因沸溢出 throw 嘔吐 小品詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語(2) 4) 經(jīng)過(from one side to the other, across a space or distance) jump climb come go swim pass walk move fly run 5) 結(jié)束，完成(finished, at an end) get 結(jié)束，熬過 stand 延期 stop 逗留 hang 延期 throw 拋棄 go 看完 leave 剩下 6) 轉(zhuǎn)變，改變(indicating transference and change) hand 移交 take 接管 buy 收買 come 過來 get 戰(zhàn)勝，克服 gain 爭取過來 win 爭取過來 switch 轉(zhuǎn)交 turn 變動，交付 make 移交 7)由于 (because of) cry 因哭 laugh 笑 fuss 因著急 8. away 1) 離開(to a distance, to another place) go 走開 run 跑開 walk 走開 ride 開走 move 移開 take 拿走 carry 運走 clear 收走 draw 拉走 get 逃走，離開 put 收起來 break 逃脫 come 離開 keep 不準接近 2) 減少，減弱(indicating loss, lessening, weakening) burn 燒盡 brush 刷掉 die 消失 drain 流走 melt 融化 pass 消失 rub 擦掉 wash 沖走 wipe 擦掉 boil 汽化 3) ( indicating separation, apart) cut 切掉 give 贈送 put 拋棄，收起 介詞in, on 和at表示時間，地點和狀態(tài)的常用短語 在英語中介詞的使用頻率比較高，而介詞in, on和at 又是介詞中使用頻率比較高的詞，筆者收集了介詞in, on 和at表示 時間，地點和狀態(tài)的常見的短語, 請注意一些短語用不同的介詞，意義不同，有些區(qū)別不大。 意義 介詞 常用短語 時間time in in 1999, in 20 century, in a flash(瞬時), in a lucky hour(在幸運時刻), in a minute, in a second, in a short time, in a while, in a wink(一瞬間) in advance(預(yù)先), in an emergency(在緊急地時候), in an evil hour(在不幸地時刻), in an instant, in ancient times, in broad day(在大白天), in course of, (在期間), in December, in due course(及時地), in future, in good season(及時地), in no time(馬上), in ones childhood, in ones spare time, in ones teens, in ones youth, in recent years, in season(適時), in seconds(在很短的時間), in some cases(有時候), in spring, in the afternoon, in the beginning, in the daytime, in the end, in the evening, in the future, in the long run(最后), in the meantime, in the morning, in the nick of time(在緊急關(guān)頭), in the night, in the past, in the thick of (在最激烈的時刻), in the thick of(在最激烈的時刻), in this period, in those days, in time of war, in time， on on a certain day, on a sudden(突然), on a winter morning, on Christmas Day, on night shift, on ones birthday, on schedule(按時), on Sunday, on that date, on the eve of, on the following day, on the instant(馬上), on the moment(立刻), on the Monday morning, on the New Years Eve, on the next morning, on the point of(正在時候), on the spur of the moment(立刻) on this day, on this occasion, on time, at at a time(在某時), at a wedding(婚禮), at all times(一直), at any moment, at any time, at Christmas, at dark (天黑時), at dawn(在黎明), at daybreak, at dinner-time, at dusk(在黃昏), at Easter, at first sight,(一見到), at first, at last, at midnight, at night, at nightfall, at noon, at present, at six clock, at sunrise, at sunset, at that moment, at that time, at the age of, at the beginning of , at the correct time, at the end of, at the last minute, at the moment, at the present stage at the same time, at the stage(眼下) at the start, at the time being, at the time of, at the very start, at this point(此時), at this season, at this time of day, at times(有時） 地點place in in a car, in a queue, in advance of (在前面), in all the direction, in appearance, in corners(在角落里) in doors, in front (of), in good light(在光線好的地方), in heaven, in place(position)(在適當?shù)匚恢?, in places(處處), in port(在港內(nèi)), in public places, in shore(靠岸), in society, in the air(在空中) in the bank, in the book(書的內(nèi)容里), in the centre(在中央), in the countryside, in the distance(在遠處那邊), in the east of(在東部) in the east, in the fields, in the film, in the front rank(在前列), in the front row, in the lab, in the letter(信的內(nèi)容), in the middle of, in the moonlight, in the newspaper(報紙的內(nèi)容里), in the open air(在戶外), in the open(在野外), in the picture, in the rain, in the room, in the shade of, in the sky, in the suburbs of, in the sunshine, in the tree, in the universe, in the vicinity of(在附近), in the warm(在暖和的地方) in the world, in(on) the bus, in(on) the street, on on board (在船上) on camera(出現(xiàn)在電視上), on campus, on deck(在甲板上), on earth, on high(在高處), on land, on the bank, on the beach, on the borders, on the ceiling, on the coast, on the committee, on the corner(在拐角處), on the east of(在的東面) on the farm, on the first floor, on the football field, on the (play)ground, on the horizon, on the island, on the left/right,. on the market, on the page 12, on the railway line, on the river, on the road, on the roof, on the sea, on the shore, on the side of, on the team, on the track(在軌道上), on the water(在水面上), on top of, on(in) the wall, at at a bookshop, at a distance(在遠處), at that place, at the airport, at the back of, at the base of, at the bottom of, at the centre (of)(在中心), at the corner, at the crossroads, at the desk(在書桌旁), at the door, at the edge of, at the end of, at the foot of, at the front, at the gate, at the head of, at the meeting, at the mine(在礦山), at the party, at the place, at the pub, at the rear of, at the seaside, at the station, at the stop, at the top of, at the window, at(in) the cinema, at(in) the library, at(in) the office, at(in) the village, at(on) the weekend 狀態(tài)state in in progress(在進行中), in a dilemma(處于進退兩難的境地), in a hurry, in a tight corner(處于困難中), in action(在行動中), in an emergency, (處于緊急情況中), in anxiety, in astonishment, in bad mood(心情不好), in bad temper(心情不好，生氣), in bed, in blossom(bloom) (在開花 ), in bonds(在拘留中), in chains(在囚禁中), in charge(看管), in church, in class, in collision(在沖突中), in commission (在服役), in condition(健康情況良好), in confusion (在混亂中), in control (of), in court(出庭), in custody(拘留), in danger, in debt(負債), in deep water(s)(處于困境), in demand(有需求) in despair, in difficult, in dispute(在爭論), in doubt, in employment, in exile(在流放), in fear and trembling(提心吊膽), in flight(飛行), in flood, in full blossom(開著花), in good condition, in good health, in high spirits, in horror, in hospital, in isolation. in love, in motion, in need (of) in operation(在運轉(zhuǎn)), in order(狀態(tài)良好), in panic, in peace(平安)(at peace和平), in peril(處于危險), in place, in power, in practice(在實踐中), in preparation, in process(在進行中), in production, in progress(前進，進行中), in pursuit(在追趕中), in question(正被討論), in rehearsal(在彩排), in retirement(退休), in retreat(在撤退) in sail(張著帆) in secret, in service, in session(在會議中), in short supply, in silence, in sorrow, in stock(有庫存) in store(儲藏著) in succession, in surprise, in suspension(懸浮中) in tears(流著淚) in the field(在作戰(zhàn)), in the press(在印刷), in the red(負債), in the same boat(處境相同), in the works(在計劃中), in thought, in trade, in triumph, in trouble, in use, in view(被考慮), in wonder, in work(有工作), in work, in(at) college, in(at) school, in(at) university, on on a diet(在節(jié)食), on a picnic, on a trip, on a vacation trip, on a visit, on a voyage, on a walk, on approval, on bended knees(跪著) on business, on call (待命) on credit(賒帳), on display, on drill(在訓練), on duty, on exhibition, on fire, on foot, on good terms(友好), on guard, on hire(出租) on holiday, on leave, on loan(出借), on offer(出售中), on ones day(在最興旺的日子), on ones guard(警惕) on ones honeymoon, on ones knees, on ones mind(惦念), on ones own time(在非工作時間), on ones round(出診) on order(已訂購), on parade(在游行), on patrol(巡邏) on sale(待售) on sale, on show, on stream(在生產(chǎn)中) on the air(在廣播), on the alert(提防), on the ebb(在退潮), on the feed(在進食), on the fly(在飛行中), on the increase/decrease(在增長/下降中), on the job(工作著) on the listen(在注意聽), on the lurk(暗中行動), on the march(行軍中), on the move(在活動中) on the phone(在打電話) on the quiet(秘密地) on the rise(在上漲), on the run(跑這), on the spot(在危險中，當場), on the strike, on the turn(在轉(zhuǎn)變中) on the watch(守侯著), on the way(在途中), on the way, on tour, on trial, on vacation, on view(展覽著), on watch(值班), at at a disadvantage(處不利地位), at a lecture, at a run(跑著), at breakfast, at call(隨叫隨到), at church, at dinner, at ease(悠閑自得), at feed, at gaze, at grass， at graze,(在吃草) at hand(在手邊), at high/low(處于高潮/低潮中), at issue(在爭論中), at large(未被捕), at leisure (空閑著), at meals, at peace, at play, at rest, at school, at stake(處在危險中), at study, at table(在吃飯), at the bar(受到公開審問), at the meeting, at the piano, at the wheel(在駕車), at war, at work， 本文發(fā)表在英語考試向?qū)щs志上。 人體部位和英語習語 摘選、注釋 1. Head The head is thought to be the most important part of the human body. So a leader is often compared to a head (首腦). Thus we have Head of State or the head of a delegation. The head is where the brain is located. It is naturally associated with ideas and intelligence. Very often, we need other peoples ideas and opinions when we want to do something well. The is because two heads are better than one (三個臭皮匠頂個諸葛亮). 2. Eye The eyes are extremely precious to us. That is why we say Mind your eye (當心)! when we reminding someone to be careful. Not only human beings and animals have eyes, many things also have eyes- the eyes of a ship, the eye of a needle, the eye of a typhoon, and so on. 3. Ear The ear is the organ of hearing. A piece of light music is easy on the ear. (悅耳動聽). We are usually all ears (專心聆聽) for bit news. When they think somebody is overhearing, English people use either of the two proverbs: Walls have ears (隔墻有耳) and Pitchers have ears (壺罐有耳). They also think that little pitchers have big ears（小孩子耳朵尖）. Nice boys and girls respect other people. They will not secretly listen to others private conversations. 4. Nose The English phrase face to face (面對面) and its Chinese counterpart（對應(yīng)） are exactly the same. But English people, to express the same idea, can say nose to nose instead. There is no such substitute in Chinese. The word nose appears in many idioms. Here are two which are quite similar to their Chinese equivalents: lead somebody by the nose (牽著某人的鼻子走) and turn up ones nose at somebody or something (對某人或某物嗤之一鼻）. English people can say as plain as the nose in ones face (一清二楚) to mean very obvious. May be to them, the nose is the most conspicuous part of the face. 5. Lip We have two lips: the upper lip and the lower lip. If ones two lips are closed, one cannot speak. So it goes without saying that dont open your lips (不要開口) means dont speak. His lips are sealed. Are his lips really stuck together by wax or glue? No, his lips are sealed when asked about something that he must keep secret. Sometimes a top secret is betrayed because it has escaped someones lips (脫口而出). Then the incident may become a piece of news that is on everybodys lips (眾口相傳). 6. Tongue We all know we cannot speak without the tongue. So the tongue is closely related to speech. To hold ones tongue (保持沉默) means to keep silent. A person who has too much tongue (太多嘴) is disliked by all, for he is too talkative. Mother tongue is not the tongue of a mother: it is a persons native language. Dont you have a moth below your nose (你鼻子底下不是有張嘴嗎)? The Chinese say so to blame a person who did not say what he should have said. But this not the right way to express the idea in English. English people would say, You have a tongue in your head, havent you? 7. Face Face has to do with the idea of respect and dignity both in Chinese and English. You lose your face (丟面子) if you fail again and again, but a decisive victory will save your face (挽回面子) after all your failures.