Unit 8 Sports.doc

Unit 8 Sports一、本單元重點單詞1gold/ golden 辨析gold 即可作名詞，也可作形容詞。gold作名詞時，意思是“黃金”（指一種材料）或“金幣，金制品”（coins/ objects made of this metal）gold作形容詞時，意思是“金的，金制的”。golden 只能是形容詞，意思是“金制的（made of gold）”作此義時，同gold; “金色的(of the color of gold)；極好的，幸運的，有利的（very fortunate/ favorable）”。例如：（1）他戴著金表。He is wearing /wears a gold /golden watch（adj. 金制的）（2）以前，人們用金幣付帳。People used to pay in gold. （n. 金幣，不可用golden）（3）太陽照在她那金黃色的頭發(fā)上。The sun shone on the gold of her hair. (n. 金色，金黃色)The sun shone on her golden hair.(adj.金色的)（4）為什么不抓住這個大好機會？Why not seize this golden opportunity? (adj.極好的，有利的)總結：表示“金制的”gold與golden均可。但指“金色的；極好的，幸運的”只能用golden.指材料、質(zhì)地時，用gold.相關搭配：golden age黃金時代；（文藝）鼎盛時期golden handshake退休金golden mean中庸之道golden rule非常重要的原則golden wedding金婚紀念golden field采金地；金礦goldfish金魚gold leaf金箔；薄金片gold mine大財源；寶庫；金礦；金山gold plate金制餐具gold rush淘金熱，涌向新金礦的熱潮gold smith金匠（blacksmith鐵匠）2tie vt. & vi. &n.（1）意為“與打成平局（tied, tied, tying）”，作此義時，常與介詞with/for連用。（to finish a match/ competition with equal points）。例如：The two teams tied. 兩隊比賽打成平局。（vi.）The two boys tied for the first place. 兩個男孩并列第一名。（vi.）（2）意為“系，扎，捆，拴”，相當于“fasten”。常與介詞to連用。例如：系鞋帶 tie ones shoes系圍巾 tie a scarf打結子 tie a knot 系繃帶 tie the bandageThe dog was tied to the gate.=Please tie the dog to the gate. 狗被拴在門上。(vt. tieto)（3）意為“領帶，聯(lián)系，紐帶，束縛，平局，不分勝負”。例如：He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.他穿著一件白襯衫并系了一條紅領帶。（n. 領帶）There are many ties of friendship between the two countries.兩國之間友情深厚。（n. 聯(lián)系，紐帶）Family ties have kept him from success. 家庭束縛他沒有成功。（n. 束縛）The result of the competition was a tie. 比賽結果，雙方平局。（平局，不分勝負）（4）tie的復數(shù)形式常用在以下詞組中：ties of blood血緣關系 ties of common interest共同的利益關系ties of friendship友誼紐帶相關詞組：tie-breaker(網(wǎng)球)平手之后的加賽tie up 凍結（財產(chǎn)、資本），管制（金錢、財物）；連起來（with）；停止（stop）。例如：The police are trying to tie up his escape from prison with the murder.警察正設法把他越獄的事和那件兇殺案連起來。（tie up with）The traffic was tired up by the accident. 交通因意外事件而受阻。（stop）I am tied up now. 我現(xiàn)在忙得不可開交。（tied up =very busy）3furtheradj. 更深入的，進一步的；更遠的，較遠的Keep working as usual until further notice.照常工作，直到有進一步通知(才停止)。（until further notice 在另行通知之前）His house is on the further side of the street. 他的房子遠在街道的那一邊。adv. 更深一層地，更進一步地，更遠地，更前面地The policeman questioned him further. 警察更進一步地訊問了他。4rank n分類；分等級This town ranks high among beauty spots. 這城市在風景區(qū)中享有盛名。The cups ranked neatly on the shelf. 杯子整齊地排列在架子上。（整齊排列）the rank of general將軍銜（等級） people of all ranks各階層人民（社會地位）a taxi rank 一列出租車（列；排；行列）v. 位居；被分類；評價She ranks high/first in her class她在班上名列前茅（第一）。5prepare vt.（1）“準備；預備”。常與介詞for連用，構成詞組：preparefor。例如：Please prepare the table for dinner. 請擺好桌子吃飯。Hes preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 他正為明天集會的演說準備。（2）prepare sb. to do sth.The nurse is preparing the child to go to the hospital. 護士正收拾一切，要把孩子送到醫(yī)院。John was preparing himself to sit for the examination. 約翰在為應試做準備。（3）prepare sb. sth.His mother is preparing him a meal. 他母親在給他做飯。（4）be prepared to do sth. 打算/準備做某事How much are you prepared to pay? 你算付多少錢？（5）be prepared for sth 對在思想上有準備，對有準備Philip was not prepared for the question. 菲利普對這個問題沒有思想準備。（6）be prepared against為抵抗作準備We must be prepared against SARS. 我必須做抵抗“非典”的準備。相當于：We must prepare against SARS.派生詞：preparation常用詞組：make preparations for 準備，籌備She is making preparations for her marriage.她正籌備婚禮。in preparation for 作為的準備He is collecting new material in preparation for the experiment.他正收集資料為實驗作準備。be in preparation 在準備中The book is in rapid preparation. 這本書正在迅速編寫。make preparations against 為對付（防止）作準備We should make preparations against natural disasters. 我們應該為防止自然災害作好準備。此外，prepare還可作“配制，調(diào)制”講。如：This special medicine must be freshly prepared. 這種特殊的藥每次必須重新調(diào)配。Mother is preparing us a meal. 母親正為我們做飯。6effect 結果，后果，影響效果（常與介詞on/ upon連用）主要用法：（1）have / produce an effect on / upon 對有影響/起作用A word from the teacher will have a great effect on my son.老師的一句話能對我兒子起很大的作用。Her new red dress produced quite an effect on everyone.她的紅色新衣給每個人留下很深刻的印象。注意：可以說have an effect onhave a great / .effect onhave some effect on 對 有一些影響但不可以說：have some effects on詞組中的on / upon 不可誤用為to.（2）give effect to實現(xiàn)，完成，相當于carry out.例如：He gave effect to his dead brothers wishes by having him buried properly.他實現(xiàn)了其兄的意愿，把他好好地埋葬了。（3）in effect 生效in (esp. lawful ) operation 如：The old system of taxation will remain in effect until next May. 舊稅制到五月前仍然有效。實際上（in fact）如：Her brother is king, but she is, in effect, the real ruler. 她的弟弟是國王，但實際上她才是統(tǒng)治者。（4）into effect 生效 (esp. lawful) operation 常與一些動詞構成短語：carry /bring /come /go into effect指“使生效/實施/起作用”。如：明年五月新稅收制度將開始生效 The plan has been carried into effect.這計劃已實行。（5）take effect生效come into (esp. lawful) operation The new system of taxation will take effect next May. 這新稅收制度明年五月生效。奏效（begin to produce result ）The medicine quickly took effect.藥很快見效了。（6）toeffect大意是（withgeneral meaning ）He called me a fool, or words to that effect. 他稱我是呆子或諸如此類的話。He has made a declaration to the effect that all fighting must stop at once.他作了宣布，大意是說戰(zhàn)爭必須立刻停止。（7）effect 還可用作vt.，意為“實現(xiàn)”（cause / produce/have as a result）.I will effect my purpose：no one shall stop me! 我會達到目的，沒有人能阻止我。（vt.）7compete vi. 競爭；競賽compete (名詞為 competition)的含義僅僅是為了爭得名次、獎品，并不含有將對手征服的意思。The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool.孩子們互相競爭著抵達池子的另一端。to compete with others for a prize 為得獎與人競爭Five children competed in the race. 五個孩子參加賽跑。competitor n. 對手；敵手；競爭者；比賽者There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-metre race. 有十二名選手參加二百米賽跑。competition n. （1）競爭 He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 為得到這份工作他與10個人展開競爭。Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.由于失業(yè)如此眾多，求職的競爭十分激烈。（2）比賽；競賽He takes part in a swimming competition. 他參加游泳比賽。二、本單元重點短語1stand for代表，代替，象征；支持同義詞：represent / on behalf ofstand for 的用法to be a sign or short form of; represent; mean 象征，代表；表示；意指What does the“WTO”stand for? WTO代表什么？（mean / represent）比較：stand for / represent / on behalf ofon behalf of常與sb.連用。構成短語：on behalf of sb或on sbs behalf，意為“作為的代表”（acting/ speaking for sb., in the interest of sb.; as the representative of sb.）常指代表某人的做法/言論/利益或代表某人本人。美國英語也作in behalf of sb. 或in sbs behalf。例如： My husband cant be here today, so Im going to speak on his behalf (on behalf of him).我丈夫今天不能來，所以我要代表他說話。（不可用stand for）represent 除了有 stand for 意義外，還有“表現(xiàn)，描繪”，常與as連用。例如：This painting represents a storm at sea. 這幅畫描繪了海上的暴風雨。He represented himself as a friend of the workers, but now we know the truth.他聲稱是工人之友，但現(xiàn)在我們知道真相了。（represent oneself as 聲稱自己是身份）此句也可寫為：He represented himself as being friendly to the workers, but now we know the truth.（represent oneself as being）He represented me to be his father. 他說我是他父親。（represent sb to be聲稱某人是）He represented me as a cruel father. 他說我是一個很殘酷的父親。（represent sb as）注意：representas中，represent不可用stand for或on behalf of替換。stand for還可作“忍受，容忍，縱容”之意。例如：I wont stand for any more of your rudeness. 我不愿再忍受你的無禮。作“主張”，“擁護”，“支持”之意，相當于support。例如：Before we elect him to parliament, We want to know what he stands for.在我們選他當國會議員之前，我們要知道他的主張?？偨Y：stand for 意思為“象征，代表”時，相當于represent.但是represent還有“描繪，表現(xiàn)”之意。構成詞組：意思是“把某人/自己描繪成/說成”。in/ on behalf of sb或in/ on sbs behalf意為“代表某人（的言論，行為，利益等）”represent 還可作“再贈予，再送”之意。2because of 因為，由于此詞組是一個介詞詞組，后面須接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不可接句子。cf. because 是一連詞，后面須接句子。例如：瑪麗沒有上學，因為她病了。Mary didnt come to school because of her illness.相當于：Mary didnt come to school because she was ill.拓展：與because of同義的詞組還有：owing to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, due to，for the reason of 等等。例如：由于這場洪水，成千上萬的人無家可歸。Thousands of people became homeless because of the flood.相當于：Thousands of people became homeless owing to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless thanks to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless due to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless on account of the flood.注意：for作介詞也可作“因為，由于”講，但它經(jīng)常與reason連用，構成短語。forreason 例如：for this/ that/ some reason由于這個/那個/某個原因Marx was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.馬克思由于政治原因被迫離開了祖國。3take part 參加主要用法：take part in 常指“分擔責任，參加，參與”尤指參加各種活動、運動。當后面不接賓語時，省去介詞in。例如：The Swiss did not take part in the two World Wars.這個瑞士人沒有參加過這兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。We should take an active part in all kinds of useful activities.我們應該積極參加各種有用的活動。take part in / take an active part in注意：take part in 是固定詞組，part 前不能有冠詞。但take an active part in “積極參加”，詞組中的冠詞an不可省。take part in / take a part in take a part in 相當于play a part in 指“扮演一個角色”。例如：She will play / take a part in this play.她將會在這個戲中扮演一個角色。take part in / join in join in 也指“參加（常指作為一個成員）某項活動”，用法基本同take part in，但take part in 常與某物連用，而不與某人連用。即：take part in sth（正確） take part in sb（錯誤）join in 可有以下搭配方式：join in sth 參加某項活動join sb in sth參與到某人的活動中去但不可說join in sb，可說join in with sb.例如：Sarah never joins in (with us), she always plays on her own.莎拉一向不（和我們）合群，她總是一個人玩。注意：join in 詞組中的“in”可以介詞，也可以是副詞，即join in 后面可以有賓語（in 為介詞）也可以沒有賓語（in為副詞）。但take part in中的in只能為介詞，詞組后面必須有賓語。4would rather 寧愿，寧可此詞組通常用來表達一種選擇（expressing a choice）。用法如下：（1）would rather 動詞原形。例如：Which would you rather do, go to the cinema or stay at home? 你要看電影，還是待在家里？(would rather引導的疑問句，直接把would提至句首即可)I would rather not say what I think. 我還是不說的好。（would rather引導的否定句，直接在rather后加上not，注意not不可加在would后）（2）would rather句子（sb. did sth.,謂語用過去時），指某人寧愿現(xiàn)在和將來要做的事情。Id rather you went home now. 我愿意讓你現(xiàn)在就回家了。（現(xiàn)在）Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.明天別來，我希望你下周末來。（將來）Shall I open a window? 我開一扇窗好嗎？Id rather you didnt. 你最好別開。（3）would rather句子 (sb.had/hadnt done sth.)，指某人寧愿過去已（沒）做過某事。例如：Id rather you hadnt done that.我希望你沒有做過那件事。（4）would rather like 相當于would you like,常用于口語中，例如：Id rather like a cup of coffee.Oh, would you? Id rather have a beer.我很想來杯咖啡。噢，是嗎？我寧愿喝啤酒。（5）would rather do sth. than do sth. else相當于would do sth. rather than do sth.意思“寧愿做而不愿做”。例如：He would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.他寧愿呆在家里也不愿去看電影。相當于：He would stay at home rather than go to the cinema.5every four years 每四年 every表示“每隔”的用法：（1）“every other+單數(shù)名詞”意思是“每隔一”。如：every other day每隔一天every other tree 每隔一棵樹She goes to town every other day.她每隔一天去城里一次。（2）“every+基數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞”或“every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”意思是“每隔”（較英語數(shù)詞少一個）.如：every three days=every third day 每隔兩天（或者譯為每三天）因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天（或者譯為每兩天）Take the medicine every four hours. 每四小時服藥一次。I go home every fourth week. 我每四個星期回家一次。（3）“every few+復數(shù)名詞”意思是“每隔幾”。如：every few days每隔幾天He stopped and turned round every few meters.三、本單元重難點句子解析1In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries. 在悉尼，中國隊共獲28枚金牌，列所有參賽國的第三。ranking third of all the competing countries 是一個由v.-ing 形式引導的伴隨狀語，指rank的動作與got的動作同時發(fā)生，此句相當于：In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals and ranked third of all the competing countries.英語中，伴隨狀語可由現(xiàn)在分詞，也可由過去分詞的形容詞或形容詞及形容詞短語來充當。這種伴隨狀語有時也用來表示結果。例如：The students entered the classroom, jumping and singing.學生們又唱又跳地進了教室。（伴隨狀語）相當于：The students entered the classroom and they jumped and sang at the same time.A terrible flood happened in 1998, making thousands of people homeless.1998年發(fā)生了一場洪水，使成千上萬的人無家可歸。（making 引導的短語常用來作結果狀語）