英語詞匯教程IChapter5-6.doc

Chapter 5Benefitbenefit /bnft/ (benefitting, benefitted, benefits)1.N-VAR The benefit of something is the help that you get from it or the advantage that results from it. 益處; 成效Im a great believer in the benefits of this form of therapy.2.N-UNCOUNT If something is to your benefit or is of benefit to you, it helps you or improves your life. 好處This could now work to Albanias benefit.3.V-T/V-I If you benefit from something or if it benefits you, it helps you or improves your life. 有益于; 得益Both sides have benefited from the talks.4.N-UNCOUNT If you have the benefit of some information, knowledge, or equipment, you are able to use it so that you can achieve something. 優(yōu)勢Steve didnt have the benefit of a formal college education.詞組：benefit from得益于；得利于；因而得到好處mutual benefit互惠互利social benefit社會(huì)公益for the benefit of為的利益衍生：beneficial，beneficentDelay1 intransitive and transitive to wait until a later time to do something:Dont delay - send off for the information now. He delayed his decision on whether to call an election.delay something until somethingThe opening of this section of the road is delayed until September.delay something for something：Our meeting was delayed for ten minutes.delay doing something：Big companies often delay paying their bills.2 transitive to make someone or something lateseriously/badly/slightly etc delayed：The flight was badly delayed because of fog.delayed：adjective3countable when someone or something has to wait, or the length of the waiting time:Sorry for the delay, Mr Weaver.delay in：Why was there a delay in warning the public?delay of：a delay of about an hourlong/considerable/slight etc delay：Long delays are expected on the motorways.4 uncountable when something does not happen or start when it should dowithout delay： They must restore normal services without delay.Emphasizeemphasize /mfsaz/ (emphasizing, emphasized, emphasizes)1.V-T To emphasize something means to indicate that it is particularly important or true, or to draw special attention to it. 強(qiáng)調(diào)But its also been emphasized that no major policy changes can be expected to come out of the meeting.同根詞：emphasis，emphaticLogicalADJ In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true. 邏輯的 (觀點(diǎn)或推理方式)Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.2.ADV 邏輯地 logicallyMy professional training has taught me to look at things logically.3.ADJ The logical conclusion or result of a series of facts or events is the only one which can come from it, according to the rules of logic. 合乎邏輯的 (結(jié)論或結(jié)果等)If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur.4.ADV 合乎邏輯地 logicallyFrom that it followed logically that he would not be meeting Hildegarde.Rivalcountable1 a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc = competitor:This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.rival for: his chief rival for the jobHe finished 39 seconds ahead of his main rival.She was 2 minutes faster than her nearest rival.a game against their old rivals, Manchester UnitedThey still remain bitter rivals (=hate each other).Their sales have now overtaken those of their arch-rival (=main or strongest rival).rival company/firm/team etcSheena left her job and went to work for a rival company.2 one of a group of things that people can choose between:The newest model has several advantages over its rivals.Satisfy /stsfa/ (satisfying, satisfied, satisfies)1.V-T If someone or something satisfies you, they give you enough of what you want or need to make you pleased or contented. 使?jié)M意The pace of change has not been quick enough to satisfy everyone.2.V-T If you satisfy the requirements for something, you are good enough or have the right qualities to fulfil these requirements. 滿足 (要求)The executive committee recommends that the procedures should satisfy certain basic requirements.衍生：satisfying，satisfiedTempt /tmpt/ (tempting, tempted, tempts)1.V-T Something that tempts you attracts you and makes you want it, even though it may be wrong or harmful. 引誘; 吸引It is the fresh fruit that tempts me at this time of year.2.V-T If you tempt someone, you offer them something they want in order to encourage them to do what you want them to do. 誘使.a million dollar marketing campaign to tempt American tourists back to Britain.旨在誘使美國游客回到英國的、耗資一百萬美元的營銷活動(dòng)。同根詞：temptation，tempter，tempting，attempt，attempted，temptressVacantADJ If something is vacant, it is not being used by anyone. 空著的Halfway down the bus was a vacant seat.2.ADJ If a job or position is vacant, no one is doing it or in it at present, and people can apply for it. 空缺的The position of chairman has been vacant for some time.3.ADJ A vacant look or expression is one that suggests that someone does not understand something or that they are not thinking about anything in particular. 茫然的She had a kind of vacant look on her face.詞組：vacant space空艙位；未用空間；vacant room空房vacant position職位空缺；空座同根詞：vacancy，vacate，vacation，vacationist，vacuum，evacuate，vanish，vain，avoidChapter 6Definite1.ADJ If something such as a decision or an arrangement is definite, it is firm and clear, and unlikely to be changed. 明確的Its too soon to give a definite answer.2.ADJ Definite evidence or information is true, rather than being someones opinion or guess. 確切的We didnt have any definite proof.3.ADJ You use definite to emphasize the strength of your opinion or belief. 無疑的強(qiáng)調(diào)There has already been a definite improvement.4.ADJ Someone who is definite behaves or talks in a firm, confident way. 肯定的Mary is very definite about this.同根詞：final, finance, financial, finish, finite, infinite, infinity, infinitude, confine, define, refineFortunateADJ If you say that someone or something is fortunate, you mean that they are lucky. 幸運(yùn)的He was extremely fortunate to survive.Leisure1.N-UNCOUNT Leisure is the time when you are not working and you can relax and do things that you enjoy. 空閑時(shí)間.a relaxing way to fill my leisure time.2.PHRASE If someone does something at leisure or at their leisure, they enjoy themselves by doing it when they want to, without hurrying. 悠閑地You will be able to stroll at leisure through the gardens.詞組：leisure time業(yè)余時(shí)間at leisure從容地；閑著地leisure industry娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)；休閑服務(wù)業(yè)Motivatedmotivate /mtvet/ CET4 TEM4 (motivating,motivated,motivates)1.V-T If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular way. 激發(fā)的積極性They are motivated by a need to achieve.3.V-T If someone motivates you to do something, they make you feel determined to do it. 激起 (某行動(dòng))How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?2.ADJ 有積極性的 motivated.highly motivated employees.4.N-UNCOUNT 激起行動(dòng) motivationGiven parental motivation, we are optimistic about the ability of people to change.highly motivated積極性高同根詞：motion, motive, motor, emotion, locomotive, promote, remote,Opposeoppose /pz/ (opposing, opposed, opposes)1.V-T If you oppose someone or oppose their plans or ideas, you disagree with what they want to do and try to prevent them from doing it. 反對(duì)Mr. Taylor was not bitter toward those who had opposed him.同根詞：compose, decompose, disposable, impose, expose, proposeRefer/rf/ (referring, referred, refers)1.V-I If you refer to a particular subject or person, you talk about them or mention them. 談及In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.2.V-I If you refer to someone or something as a particular thing, you use a particular word, expression, or name to mention or describe them. 稱Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.3.V-T If a person who is ill is referred to a hospital or a specialist, they are sent there by a doctor in order to be treated. 把送往She was referred to the hospital by a neighborhood clinic.4.V-I If you refer to a book or other source of information, you look at it in order to find something out. 參考; 查看He referred briefly to his notebook.他迅速查看了一下他的筆記。詞組：refer to as把稱作refer a friend介紹朋友；引見朋友同根詞：ferry，fertile，differ, infer, offer, prefer, suffer, transferSpecific1.ADJ You use specific to refer to a particular exact area, problem, or subject. 特定的 (部位、問題、主題等)There are several specific problems to be dealt with.2.ADJ If someone is specific, they give a description that is precise and exact. You can also use specific to describe their description. 確切的She declined to be more specific about the reasons for the separation.3.ADJ Something that is specific to a particular thing is connected with that thing only. 針對(duì)的Send your resume with a cover letter that is specific to that particular job.Suspect (suspecting,suspected,suspects)動(dòng)詞讀作sspkt。名詞和形容詞讀作sspkt。1.V-T You use suspect when you are stating something that you believe is probably true, in order to make it sound less strong or direct. 覺得含糊I suspect they were right.我覺得他們是正