動詞-ing形式的被動式.doc

動詞-ing形式的被動式在上個單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了動詞不定式的被動式，今天我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)動詞-ing形式的被動式?？匆豢?請看下列句子，看看動詞-ing形式的被動式在各句中作什么成分。1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didnt mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?講一講 動詞-ing形式的被動式在句中可以作主語（如句1）、作賓語（如句2）、作定語（如句3）、作狀語（如句4和句5）。此外，動詞-ing形式的被動式還可以在句中構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你會聽到到處都在討論這個問題。He often watched the boats being unloaded. 他常?？摧喆敦?。As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子時我們看到正在蓋新房。此外，在want, need, deserve, require等動詞后，盡管表示的是被動含義，我們卻用動詞-ing形式。如：My pen needs filling. 我的筆該上墨水了。The point deserves mentioning. 這點(diǎn)值得提一下。This problem requires studying with great care.這問題需要仔細(xì)研究。在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣：Her method is worth trying. 她的方法值得試一下。練一練 將下列句子翻譯成英語。1. 他受不了別人那樣開他的玩笑。2. 這問題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有解決。3. 沒有誰請他做，是他自己做的。4. 在動手術(shù)之前你不能吃任何東西。5. 既然已做出了決定，下個問題就是如何制定一個好的計劃。Key:1. He could not bear being made fun of like that. 2. This question is far from being settled. 3. He did it without being asked. 4. You cant eat anything before being operated on. 5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.Unit 3 Under the seaThe use of V-ingV-ing作動名詞時具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語、表語、賓語、定語,有時它可以有自己的邏輯主語,也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式。 一、 V-ing形式的名詞特征V-ing形式否定形式為not doing，具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 主語Her job is teaching. 表語He is fond of playing football. 賓語developing countries 定語working people 定語二、 V-ing形式作主語 1 V-ing形式作主語表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大聲朗讀對我們學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是很重要的。 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 +doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. 在這兒等沒好處，咱們回家吧。It is no use your complaining; the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會管的。V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用這種方法去測量光速是危險的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個問題。V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵賴這個事實，中國自它成立以來已在各個方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物。V-ing作賓語有些動詞后面要求跟V-ing作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有：admit 承認(rèn) ； excuse 原諒 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy 想象 practice 練習(xí)；appreciate 欣賞； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建議； consider 考慮； forgive 寬?。?delay 耽擱； imagine 想象； resent 厭惡；deny 否認(rèn)； resist 抵制； keep 保留； risk 冒險； dislike 討厭； mind 在意； miss 錯過； suggest 建議； enjoy 喜歡； pardon 原諒；escape 逃避He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考慮在學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)下一章之前給他們一份讀書清單。When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.當(dāng)杰遜下夜班回到家時，他盡力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否認(rèn)他那晚開過辦公室的電腦。 有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞短語有：cant stand 忍不??； cant help 忍不??； feel like 想欲；give up 放棄； put off 推遲After hearing the funny story, all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear. 聽完了那個滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α恕o you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？V-ing形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語后做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。Im looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待著您下一次的到來。Thank you for offering me so much help.感謝你們給我提供了這么多的幫助。He is fond of watching sports-games.他喜歡觀看體育競賽。在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式；be busy (in) + V-ing形式；waste time (in) + V-ing形式；lost time (in) + V-ing形式；There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等結(jié)構(gòu)中， V-ing形式做介詞賓語，in常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。二、動名詞可具有時態(tài)意義 動名詞可以像動詞那樣表現(xiàn)時態(tài)意義，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。動名詞的時態(tài)意義是一個相對的概念，從屬于句中謂語動詞。一般式表示動名詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動作，沒有時間概念；完成式表示動名詞的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘書因沒有按時將報告打印出來而受責(zé)備。(動名詞的完成時態(tài))I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔對我弟弟說了些粗話。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.我們不知道他們干過這種事情。三、動名詞可具有語態(tài)意義 如果動名詞與句中的邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，即邏輯主語是接受動名詞的動作，需用其被動形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done, not having been donePeople hate being praised for nothing .人們不喜歡無緣無故的贊揚(yáng)。The problem is far from being solved .這問題遠(yuǎn)沒得到解決。She didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。注意在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully.這個問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Exercises1. The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. He apologized for _. A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to come C. his being able not to come D. him not being able to come 4. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 5. I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do6._the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail 7. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 8. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 9. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 10. It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand11. Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking12. They dont permit _ noise her.A. to make B. make C. making D. made13. Th