閱讀句式結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié).doc

閱讀句式及結(jié)構(gòu)把握 1.定語(yǔ)從句要明確主句與從句之間的關(guān)系以及關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的指代； 2.名詞性從句要掌握主句與從句之間的關(guān)系以及同位語(yǔ)從句的修飾補(bǔ)充作用； 3.狀語(yǔ)從句要重視主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系； 4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要熟悉其功能和作用以及與主句之間的關(guān)系； 5.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要清楚句子中的施動(dòng)者和受動(dòng)者； 6.倒裝句要抓住句子的主體以及強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)； 7.省略句要重視被省略的成分在句子中傳達(dá)的信息； 8.并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)要分析兩個(gè)并列分句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系； 9.否定句要區(qū)別其意義上全部否定或者部分否定的表達(dá)； 10.比較結(jié)構(gòu)要找出互比的對(duì)象以及比較內(nèi)容； 11.分隔要注重被分隔部分的正確連接等。 一、定語(yǔ)從句 【難句1】He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media作mobile television的同位語(yǔ)，句末的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators來(lái)修飾先行詞a nascent industry，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】他談到了眾人對(duì)移動(dòng)電視的巨大興趣，這是一個(gè)在電信和媒體領(lǐng)域有交叉的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，它給設(shè)備制造商、電視內(nèi)容制作者以及移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營(yíng)商提供了新的機(jī)遇。 【難句2】Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including Lost, Desperate Housewives and Law & Order. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句使用了分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，體現(xiàn)了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句分隔，從句which launched a videocapable version of its iPod portable musicplayer in October修飾主語(yǔ)Apple Computer（關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)）分隔了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。連接后得到Meanwhile, Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows其中that又引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句that can be purchased for viewing on the device修飾先行詞shows（關(guān)系代詞that在從句作主語(yǔ)，從句中使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)），句末的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)including Lost, Desperate Housewives and Law & Order作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表明range of shows的具體內(nèi)容。 【參考譯文】與此同時(shí)，蘋(píng)果電腦公司在10月發(fā)售了一款可以觀看電視的便攜式音樂(lè)播放器iPod，這個(gè)播放器大大幫助了電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大其可以供用戶購(gòu)買的、用于在移動(dòng)終端的節(jié)目范圍， 包括迷失、絕望的主婦以及法律與秩序。 【難句3】Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moores law, which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry. (The Economist Sep. 21, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主句為Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moores law，使用了suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry，修飾先行詞formulae such as Moores law，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】的確，有些技術(shù)的進(jìn)步是以一種可預(yù)測(cè)的節(jié)奏進(jìn)行著，它們遵循摩爾定律般簡(jiǎn)單的公式，好比是半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。 【難句4】Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way. (The Economist May 27, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】以and為切入點(diǎn)，本句包含兩個(gè)并列分句。注意前一分句省略了和后一分句相同的主語(yǔ)they（指代網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售商）。后一分句中，they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships是主句，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句which will then harass you in the oldfashioned way，which指代上文的一整句話。 【參考譯文】網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售商通過(guò)訪問(wèn)大量的網(wǎng)站去尋找一部車，然后就會(huì)把你的名字提供給當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)銷商，這又會(huì)讓你重回到以前那種購(gòu)車模式所帶來(lái)的困擾中。 【難句5】Even Chinas population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句為Even Chinas population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN，其后的定語(yǔ)從句which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修飾先行詞UN，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，注意這里project作動(dòng)詞用，譯為指出，且從句里使用了比較級(jí)。 【參考譯文】聯(lián)合國(guó)有關(guān)報(bào)告指出，即便是中國(guó)，到2030年初期人口也將開(kāi)始遞減。這份報(bào)告同時(shí)還指出，到2050年，將有50個(gè)國(guó)家的人口低于今天的水平。【難句6】That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. (The Economist Jun.18, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中表語(yǔ)由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，定語(yǔ)從句which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals修飾先行詞video games，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞video games在從句中作主語(yǔ)，這里使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be accused of，在翻譯時(shí)我們譯成主動(dòng)。 【參考譯文】對(duì)于當(dāng)今時(shí)代那些控訴電視游戲使年輕人變成暴力罪犯的批評(píng)者們，歷史最終也將對(duì)他們作出同樣的批判。 【難句7】Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about engagement, which comes down to getting employees excited about the work theyre doing and its contribution to the company. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干一目了然：Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about engagement，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which comes down to getting employees excited about.修飾先行詞engagement，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。介詞about后有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)the work and its contribution，其中work的修飾語(yǔ)由一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句theyre doing充當(dāng)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，contribution則由后置的介詞短語(yǔ)修飾。 【參考譯文】管理和人力資源群體花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來(lái)談?wù)搮⑴c，激發(fā)雇員對(duì)他們的工作和為公司做貢獻(xiàn)的興趣。 【難句8】To make the technology as simple as possible, Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices-be it PCs, TVs, or set-top boxes. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句首的不定式短語(yǔ)To make the technology as simple as possible作全句的目的狀語(yǔ)。主句為Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software.關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that can be used across all their devices修飾先行詞software，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，并且使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面是對(duì)across all their devices的具體說(shuō)明，注意這里采用了whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句省略whether的特殊形式be it PCs, TVs, or set。第二個(gè)破折號(hào)后top boxes是對(duì)software的最終闡釋，我們?nèi)サ糁虚g讓步狀語(yǔ)作的分隔成分，可以連接全句為Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices-top boxes。 【參考譯文】為了讓科技盡可能的簡(jiǎn)單，索尼、惠普和其他銷售者最終開(kāi)發(fā)了可以在所有裝置上使用的軟件-不論是個(gè)人電腦、電視機(jī)或是數(shù)字解碼器-這種軟件就是機(jī)頂盒。 【難句9】On the face of it, that doesnt seem especially surprising: we feel strong emotion at important events, which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments. (Time Jan. 18, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是典型的冒號(hào)前為主句，冒號(hào)后作解釋說(shuō)明的實(shí)例。句首部分On the face of it為全句的狀語(yǔ)，主句部分為that doesnt seem especially surprising，這里seem采用了系動(dòng)詞的用法。注意形容詞surprising指物的ing使用。冒號(hào)后we feel strong emotion at important events是對(duì)主句的解釋說(shuō)明，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。注意which后的be動(dòng)詞使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are，聯(lián)系上文，我們不難判斷出它指代important events。 【參考譯文】乍看起來(lái)，那似乎不會(huì)使我們特別吃驚：在重大事件上我們會(huì)感到強(qiáng)烈的感情沖擊-重大事件顯然比平常日子讓人記憶深刻。 【難句10】An animal that can remember the significance of that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws will survive longer and produce more offspring. (Time Jan. 18, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句，句子的主干為An animal will survive longer and produce more offspring。主語(yǔ)animal后接關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞代替animal在從句中作主語(yǔ)。在從句里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞remember的賓語(yǔ)是the significance，它的后置定語(yǔ)為that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws；介詞短語(yǔ)with the big teeth and sharp claws補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明thing的特點(diǎn)。 【參考譯文】一種動(dòng)物只有記住了長(zhǎng)相丑惡（具有巨大牙齒和鋒利爪子）且身體龐大的重要性，才能生存長(zhǎng)久并繁殖更多的后代。 【難句11】Women who live in areas of high air pollution, exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires, are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study. (The Guardian Feb. 1, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)Women后是定語(yǔ)從句 who live in areas of high air pollution，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中代替women作主語(yǔ)，系表部分are at increased risk of heart disease and death被分詞結(jié)構(gòu)（表被動(dòng)）作的后置定語(yǔ)exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coalfired power stations and wood fires分隔，由于定語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)，在翻譯時(shí)我們可以譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu)；句子末尾的according to a study作全句的狀語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】一項(xiàng)研究表明，生活在嚴(yán)重空氣污染地區(qū)的女性，暴露在車輛尾氣、燃煤發(fā)電廠、森林火災(zāi)所產(chǎn)生和排放的無(wú)形的微小顆粒中，越來(lái)越容易患心臟病，甚至?xí)虼酥苯訉?dǎo)致死亡。二、名詞性從句 【難句12】The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. (The Economist Dec. 2, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】以逗號(hào)后and為切入點(diǎn)，得到主句部分的并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)The console can determine, and uses that information to control，uses與can determine一起作該句的謂語(yǔ)。其中determine的賓語(yǔ)也以and切入，得到how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how the controller is moving in space和what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what it is pointing at（how在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，what在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）；在use的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)to control中，control的賓語(yǔ)使用了what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what is happening on screen充當(dāng)，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】游戲機(jī)能測(cè)出手柄的移動(dòng)軌跡，識(shí)別手柄指著屏幕上的什么東西，然后根據(jù)得到的信息控制屏幕上的游戲。 【難句13】If left unchanged, it appears that the time to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes is starting to evaporate, especially if the music is set to start leaking into the public domain in the country where it was originally produced. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，注意appear在這里是系動(dòng)詞用法。表語(yǔ)部分由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that the timeis starting to evaporate充當(dāng)，不定式短語(yǔ)to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes 作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the time。especially直到句末是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) if the music is set to句末關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句where it was originally produced修飾先行詞the country，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which。句首部分If left unchanged，我們可以理解為是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作的條件狀語(yǔ)，注意這里使用了leave sth.+adj.用法。 【參考譯文】如果不改變，則通過(guò)諸如iTunes利用數(shù)字銷售賺錢的時(shí)代可能開(kāi)始消亡了，尤其是當(dāng)音樂(lè)在其最初發(fā)表的國(guó)家已經(jīng)進(jìn)入公共領(lǐng)域時(shí)。 【難句14】If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teachers job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，為主從復(fù)合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools為主句部分，其中包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when I spent some time recently in schools。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，had any doubts about后的賓語(yǔ)由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how demanding a teachers job is充當(dāng)，how與形容詞demanding相連作從句的表語(yǔ)。注意整個(gè)句子使用了與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句為if+had done，主句為would/could/should/might+have done的形式。 【參考譯文】如果說(shuō)我以前還曾懷疑教師的工作有多吃力，那么當(dāng)我最近在學(xué)校中待了一段時(shí)間后，我永遠(yuǎn)改變了原來(lái)的想法。 【難句15】The teachers who took part in the program also told me of their worries that they might be force-feeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure they grasped the importance to them of what they were being taught. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句成分復(fù)雜。主語(yǔ)The teachers 后跟who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who took part in the program also told me of their worries作修飾語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)。told后我們可以認(rèn)為是雙賓語(yǔ)（對(duì)象+內(nèi)容），直接賓語(yǔ)部分their worries后跟that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that they might be forcefeeding their pupils information rather than stimulating the discussion necessary to ensure說(shuō)明worries的具體內(nèi)容。ensure后面的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句they grasped the importance to them of，grasped的賓語(yǔ)the importance of被不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to them分隔，of構(gòu)成的介賓短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，且從句使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【參考譯文】參與節(jié)目的老師們還告訴我，他們擔(dān)心自己可能是在向?qū)W生強(qiáng)行灌輸知識(shí)與信息，而不是激勵(lì)他們討論，以此保證他們能掌握他們所學(xué)知識(shí)的要領(lǐng)。 【難句16】The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干很清晰，是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其中表語(yǔ)部分由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that consumers tend to prefer devices充當(dāng)。device后是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that require simply plugging them in,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。逗號(hào)后的介詞短語(yǔ) without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features作從句中的伴隨狀語(yǔ)（在翻譯時(shí)我們可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語(yǔ)），句末的形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)common to home networks后置作features的定語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】這一方式的問(wèn)題在于，消費(fèi)者更喜歡不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)立復(fù)雜的無(wú)線電頻道、安全保護(hù)以及家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)所共有的其他特性，便可以簡(jiǎn)單插入的裝置。 【難句17】Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句不難，主句謂語(yǔ)says后是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意兩個(gè)between的使用。第一個(gè)between與后面的and 相連，構(gòu)成being flexible enough toand providing enough detail to結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)between后跟disciplines表示各學(xué)科之間，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。 【參考譯文】戴維斯說(shuō)，指導(dǎo)規(guī)范必須在足夠靈活考慮各學(xué)科的不同點(diǎn)和提供充足的可操作的細(xì)節(jié)之間尋求一種平衡。 【難句18】In its 16 years of operation it has found the first convincing evidence for the existence of black holes, made observations supporting the theory that the universes expansion is accelerating and confirmed that dark matter exists. (The Economist Nov. 2, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】去掉句首介賓In its 16 years of operation作的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，以and為切入點(diǎn)，得到主句it has found, madeand confirmed其中made后的賓語(yǔ)中，包含現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)supporting the theory作的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，在此伴隨狀語(yǔ)中，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句that the universes expansion is accelerating解釋說(shuō)明theory的內(nèi)容；而confirmed后的賓語(yǔ)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that dark matter exists充當(dāng)。 【參考譯文】在它運(yùn)行的16年中，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于黑洞的令人信服的證據(jù)，很多觀測(cè)都支持宇宙加速膨脹的理論并確認(rèn)暗物質(zhì)的存在。三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【難句19】The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency. (The Economist Nov. 30, 2006)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，為一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)The energy is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards，使用了asas結(jié)構(gòu)，其中被比較的對(duì)象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中，that指代上文的energy，過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)needed to作后置定語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)被動(dòng)。其中主語(yǔ)energy由過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)used to separate oxygen from air before burning 作后置定語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)被動(dòng)；句末的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)leading to a similar loss of efficiency作全句的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)?！緟⒖甲g文】燃燒前將氧氣從空氣中分離所需的能源幾乎不亞于上述將氮?dú)膺^(guò)濾所需的耗費(fèi)，這就使得兩者在效率損失上不相上下。【難句20】Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not just their non-core activities but essential ones too. (The Economist Jun. 15, 2006)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句不難，逗號(hào)前為主句Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs,使用了tooto結(jié)構(gòu)，句末的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)outsourcing not just their noncore activities but essential ones too作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明reduce costs的具體內(nèi)容?！緟⒖甲g文】有些大的制造商和服務(wù)供應(yīng)商熱衷于降低成本，不僅把非核心業(yè)務(wù)外包，而且連核心業(yè)務(wù)也不放過(guò)?！倦y句21】The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year, increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 2006 recruitment levels. (The Sunday Times Jan. 11, 2007)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。逗號(hào)前為主句，是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其中謂語(yǔ)shows的賓語(yǔ)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduate Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 2006 recruitment levels作狀語(yǔ)，我們可以理解其為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，注意增加的幅度用介詞by表示。句末的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)compared with 2006 recruitment levels作比較狀語(yǔ)?！緟⒖甲g文】研究表明，時(shí)代排名前100名的畢業(yè)生雇主單位中有將近一半計(jì)劃今年將擴(kuò)大畢業(yè)生接收規(guī)模，為新的畢業(yè)生增加可利用的空缺職位數(shù)量，這個(gè)數(shù)量與2006年的新成員水平相比，會(huì)增加10%以上。【難句22】The trouble is, as soon as youve been given a clean bill of health youre back at your desk, facing the same situation that led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place. (Times Online Jan. 11, 2007)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)The trouble is，其中表語(yǔ)部分由從句充當(dāng)。在表語(yǔ)從句中，包含as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as soon as youve been given a clean bill of health，翻譯為“一就”?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)facing the same situation作youre back at your desk的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that led to depression and compulsive behavior problems in the first place修飾先行詞the same situation，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)?！緟⒖甲g文】問(wèn)題是，一旦你得到清楚的健康證明，你就得立刻回到你的辦公桌，并且首先就要面對(duì)與原來(lái)曾導(dǎo)致沮喪和強(qiáng)迫性行為問(wèn)題的同樣的情形?！倦y句23】Drivers can instruct their car stereos to “play similar”, prompting the system to call up songs in the same musical genre. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主干是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：Drivers can instruct their car stereos to “play similar”,其中不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to “play similar”構(gòu)成了instruct their cars的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)prompting the system to call up songs in the same musical genre作instruct their car stereos to “play similar”的狀語(yǔ)，我們可以理解為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，在這里，prompt后也采用了不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to call up songs in the same musical genre與the system一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的形式。【參考譯文】駕駛者可以指令車內(nèi)立體聲設(shè)備“播放相似音樂(lè)”，提示系統(tǒng)集合相同風(fēng)格的音樂(lè)?！倦y句24】Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial slogan, the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句中的主語(yǔ)與從句中的主語(yǔ)一致，從句中省去主謂，造成分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的形式，我們可以還原為since the threads have succeeded as主句部分是the threads themselves are becoming the newest message,句末的logically enough是狀語(yǔ)，在翻譯時(shí)，我們可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為be becoming the newest message的補(bǔ)充部分?！緟⒖甲g文】成功作為政治和商業(yè)口號(hào)的一種便捷媒介物，（T恤）衣服本身也成了最新的信息，這種情況（的發(fā)生）合乎邏輯?！倦y句25】Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds, targeting more established companies, and increasingly setting their sights abroad. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，主句為Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds,兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)targeting more established companies和increasingly setting their sights abroad由and并列，作全句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。【參考譯文】某些大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司正在籌集大量的資金，他們的目標(biāo)是已經(jīng)穩(wěn)定的企業(yè)，并且日益將目光投向海外市場(chǎng)。四、分隔結(jié)構(gòu) 【難句26】Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little-around $2, down from $20 in 2001-but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for high-margin accessories. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是典型的破折號(hào)分隔。首先以連詞為切入點(diǎn)，得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costsbut allows, and opens up，介詞短語(yǔ)around $2, down from $20 in 2001充當(dāng)?shù)姆指舫煞肿魃衔腸osts very little的具體解釋說(shuō)明，分隔了前兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)。 【參考譯文】在手機(jī)里添加一個(gè)藍(lán)牙芯片的成本很低-從2001年時(shí)的20美元下降到2美元左右-但是可以允許制造者提高遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出這個(gè)的價(jià)格，并且打開(kāi)了一個(gè)高利潤(rùn)附件的市場(chǎng)。 【難句27】It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007) 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句使用了兩處分隔，均由逗號(hào)表現(xiàn)。第一處分隔across the age groups of the children I met,分隔了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，即形容詞+to do作表語(yǔ)。去掉分隔部分，我們得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives。這里我們注意到see后面的賓語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)：how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how清晰看到第二處分隔為介賓短語(yǔ)with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me作的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。去掉分隔，得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives，即由and并列的兩個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。在第二個(gè)從句中，謂語(yǔ)say后仍然是由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how relevant they were to their daily lives充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。在翻譯時(shí)，我們可將兩個(gè)分隔部分所作的狀語(yǔ)提前。 【參考譯文】在我所見(jiàn)到的同年齡段的孩子們中，在我和他們的老師只給了一點(diǎn)兒提示的情況下，見(jiàn)證他們?nèi)绾慰焖俚仡I(lǐng)會(huì)人權(quán)的整體觀念，如何認(rèn)識(shí)到人權(quán)與他們的生活密切相關(guān)，這一點(diǎn)是非常讓人興奮的。 【難句28】What was interesting was how quickly, by using relevant and local examples where possible, the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibiliti