上海新世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)高一課文講解(初三銜接高中)：2---3.doc

2. What to choose?. Today more and more high school graduates go on to college. Most young people decide their courses of study for themselves. They do not wait for their parents to tell them what career to choose.For example, Jacks father practices medicine. Even though he wants his son also to become a doctor, he doesnt insist that Jack study medicine when he finishes high school.He believes that Jack must make up his own mind about his courses of study. His wife, on the other hand, disagrees with him. She thinks that Jack should become a doctor, and so he can become a partner with his father.Jack isnt sure what he wants to study in college. One day he feels that hed like to become an engineer. However, the next day he thinks that perhaps he should study business management. . Right now he is studying chemistry, biology, and physics. All of them will be useful if he finally chooses to study medicine in college.Jack likes his fathers attitude, and is grateful that his father isnt forcing him to become a doctor. In some countries parents often decide what careers their children will follow - especially their sons. Tchaikovsky(柴可夫斯基，1840-1893，俄國(guó)作曲家), the composer of Swan Lake(芭蕾舞劇天鵝湖), was asked to study law. He, however, didnt take an interest in it. Tchaikovsky made a great decision on his own. He gave up his government service later and started to study music. Some people think the young are probably going to be successful because they are doing the things they most want to do in life. Many people, however, disagree with them.3. MichelangeloMichelangelo(米開朗琪羅，1475-1564，意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期成就卓著的科學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家) was an Italian artist about 500 years ago. Today he is still remembered as a great sculptor, painter, and architect.Michelangelo came from a poor family. He was trained at an early age like any other craftsman in Italy. At thirteen, he started to work and learn in a workshop. The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters at that time. In the workshop Michelangelo was able to learn all the skills of sculpture. However, he wasnt satisfied, and went on to study the work of the great masters of the past. Michelangelo worked hard and he mastered one problem after another. . By the time he was 30, he was generally regarded as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age.In 1508, Michelangelo was given a task - to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel(位于羅馬梵蒂岡的西斯廷教堂). At first, he tried to turn down this job, saying that he was not really a painter, but a sculptor. Finally, he agreed to do it. He then shut himself up in the chapel, let no one come near him, and got ready to work alone.It took him four years to complete the paintings on the ceiling. Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard and lonely work. Michelangelo, while working, had to lie on his back and paint. . As a result, he became so used to looking upward that when he received a letter during that period, he had to hold it over his head to read it. Finally, the paintings were completed. The great and huge paintings on the ceiling and walls of the chapel have ever since become a fascination to people in Italy and all over the world.Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings. . Today his works are still examples for art students to study and follow. Home and overseas visitors cant help but admire these masterpieces.米開朗琪羅 米開朗琪羅大約在500年以前是一個(gè)意大利藝術(shù)家。今天他仍然被如一位偉大的雕刻家，畫家和建筑師。 來(lái)自一個(gè)貧窮的家庭，米開朗琪羅在意大利像任何其他的工匠一樣在很早的年齡被訓(xùn)練。在十三歲時(shí)，他開始在工作室中工作而且學(xué)習(xí)。在工作室中，米開朗琪羅能夠?qū)W習(xí)雕刻的所有技術(shù)。但是他不滿意,而且外出學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去的偉大大師的工作。米開蘭基羅認(rèn)真工作征服一個(gè)又一個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)他是三十歲的時(shí)候,他經(jīng)常被視為杰出的雕刻家之一。 在1508年，米開朗琪羅被給予任務(wù)油漆西斯庭大教堂的天花板。起先，他想要回絕這份工作,說(shuō)自己不真的一個(gè)畫家,而是一個(gè)雕刻家。但是最后他被迫接受了它。他然后在教堂中關(guān)上了他自己，使沒有人來(lái)在他的附近，而且準(zhǔn)備好獨(dú)自地工作。 他花四年完成在天花板上的畫。而且任何的平常人想像米開蘭基羅在這些四年的困難和孤單的工作中忍耐的是困難的。米開朗琪羅,在工作時(shí),必須躺在他的背部和油漆上。事實(shí)上，他變成如此一直向上看以致于當(dāng)他在此期間收到了一封信的時(shí)候,他必須抬著頭向上方讀它。最后，畫完成了。那天花板上的畫因?yàn)榻烫脧亩谌澜鐚?duì)到意大利的旅游者至今已變得有魔力。 米開朗琪羅用很多的雕刻和畫留下我們。今天他的工廠仍然是藝術(shù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的例子,如此的吸引訪客仍然忍不住羨慕他們。 .米開朗基羅大約生活在500年前，是一位意大利的藝術(shù)家。 Todayheisstillrememberedasagreatsculptor,painter,andarchitect. 這句話是：作為一位偉大的雕刻家，畫家，和建筑師，今天，他仍被人們所銘記。 as的意思很多，有作為，由于，好像，當(dāng)什么時(shí)候等等，這里咱們不展開，下次碰到再說(shuō)。 Michelangelo,whocamefromapoorfamily,wastrainedatanearlyagelikeanyothercraftsmaninItaly. 一般在一節(jié)的的開頭，第一位置就是主語(yǔ)，或者是帶修飾語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)。 你可以這樣說(shuō)： 米開朗基羅出身于一個(gè)貧窮的家庭，他像意大利的其他工匠一樣從小就接受訓(xùn)練（學(xué)手藝）。 或者不把這句斷成兩個(gè)分句： 出身于一個(gè)貧窮家庭的米開朗基羅像意大利的其他工匠一樣從小就接受訓(xùn)練（學(xué)手藝）。 Atthirteen,hestartedtoworkandlearninaworkshopwhichbelongedtooneoftheleadingmastersofthetime. 13歲時(shí)，他開始在當(dāng)時(shí)的一位大畫家的工作室工作和學(xué)習(xí)。 master是大師的意思，leadingmaster是大師中的領(lǐng)袖人物的意思?？梢哉f(shuō)米開朗基羅的師從很不錯(cuò)。這位繪畫大師名字叫做基爾蘭達(dá)約，他也是出身于工匠之家，他的作品令人感到親切，寧?kù)o，高尚，對(duì)米開朗基羅有很大影響。 這是他畫的一副素描名叫:StudyButhewasntsatisfied,andwentouttostudytheworkofthegreatmastersofthepast. thework這里不是工作，而是作品的意思。其他部分翻得很好 Bythetimehewasthirty,hewasgenerallyregardedasoneoftheoutstandingsculptorsoftheage. generally是普遍的，總的，這里可以翻譯為：公認(rèn)的 oftheage意為：那個(gè)時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí) 當(dāng)他是三十歲的時(shí)候,他已被公認(rèn)當(dāng)時(shí)為杰出的雕刻家之一。 painttheceilingoftheSistineChapel 這里的paint并不是油漆的意思，這話的意思是：畫西斯廷教堂的天頂畫。 米開朗基羅是當(dāng)時(shí)非常有名的雕刻家和畫家，他尤其喜愛雕刻，但他的才華被他的同行嫉妒了，他們不想讓他如意搞雕刻就向教皇尤利烏斯二世推薦，說(shuō)米開朗基羅的繪畫非常出色，讓他來(lái)畫西斯廷教堂的天頂畫再合適不過(guò)。教皇找到米開朗基羅命令他接下這個(gè)任務(wù)，如果拒絕就處以死刑，（在這之前教皇也命令過(guò)他去建造鈴木）米開朗基羅沒辦法，只好花了四年零五個(gè)月時(shí)間完成了一系列的巨幅天頂壁畫，讓見過(guò)的人都嘆為觀止，而他卻幾乎成了一個(gè)野人，在這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里沒剪過(guò)頭發(fā)和胡子，羅曼羅蘭的巨人傳里提到，他的靴子穿了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，也脫不下來(lái)了，只好用刀割開。AnditwasdifficultforanyordinarypersontoimaginewhatMichelangeloenduredinthesefouryearsofhardandlonelywork. 而且任何普通人都很難想象在這四年中米開朗基羅所經(jīng)受的困苦和孤獨(dú)。 Michelangelo,whileworking,hadtolieonhisbackandpaint. 工作時(shí)，米開朗基羅背靠在（懸架上）仰面躺著來(lái)繪畫。 lieonhisback就是背部著力仰面躺著，也可以直接說(shuō)躺著。 ThegreatandchapelhaveeversincebecomeafascinationtopeopleinItalyandtouristsfromallovertheworld. eversince是從此以后 fascination除了魅力，魔力之外還有旅游勝地的意思。 這句話的意思是： 從此這座大教堂就成為了意大利人和世界各國(guó)游客們的旅游勝地。 Michelangeloleftuswithagreatnumberofsculpturesandpaintings. 米開朗基羅留給我們大量雕刻和繪畫作品。 Todayhisworksarestillexamplesfromwhichartstudentsmustlearn,andvisitorstosuchtouristattractionsstillcanthelpbutadmirethem. 這里的works不是工廠的意思，而是作品的意思 works這個(gè)詞作為整體的一個(gè)單詞是工廠的意思 作為復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)看是作品的意思 work意思為工作時(shí)，不可數(shù)（這顯然有利于他們剝削剩余勞動(dòng)力，幸好馬克思提出了，以勞動(dòng)時(shí)間來(lái)計(jì)算產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值的理論，可惜馬克思也沒辦法改變英語(yǔ)的用詞習(xí)慣，） 意思為作品時(shí)，可數(shù)。 admire在對(duì)人的時(shí)候，意思是羨慕 在對(duì)物的時(shí)候，意思是贊賞，贊嘆 這句話的意思是： 今天，米開朗基羅的作品仍然被學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)的學(xué)生當(dāng)作范例來(lái)加以學(xué)習(xí)，來(lái)這些旅游景點(diǎn)參觀的游客們也情不自禁對(duì)它們（指這些作品）發(fā)出贊嘆。Word study:1.be remembered as 作為而被記住 egHe will always be remembered as a wise leader 他作為一位英明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將被永遠(yuǎn)銘記。 注意: as是介詞，意為“作為”，類似的詞組有：be regarded as；be treated as; be loved as；be looked on as；be thought of as(=be thought to be) 2.regard :v + n V :1). 注視，凝視（某人，某物）E.g. she regarded him closely, curiously, etc. 2). 將某人視為；認(rèn)為某人是E.g.How is he regarded locally? 當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)他的看法如何？翻譯： 我們認(rèn)為你這種行為是犯罪行為。We regard your action as a crime.regard : n 1.問(wèn)候,致意Pl尤用于信函的結(jié)尾With kind regards, your sincerely,Please give my best regards to your parents. 請(qǐng)代我向您的雙親問(wèn)好。3). 習(xí)語(yǔ)：in / with regard to ; in this/that regard 關(guān)于某人（某事）；在這點(diǎn)（那點(diǎn)）上I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. 對(duì)于你的投訴，我無(wú)可奉告。He is very sensitive in this regard. 他在這方面非常敏感。3. leading ( adj)非常重要的，領(lǐng)先的 egShakespeare was the leading writer of his age莎士比亞是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最重要的作家。lead (vt) 給領(lǐng)路； 過(guò)的生活； egLet me lead you across the road讓我?guī)氵^(guò)馬路。Compared with the poor, you are leading a lucky life與那些窮苦的人相比，你過(guò)著幸運(yùn)的生活。 lead to sth. (=result in sth) 導(dǎo)致e.gToo much smoking may lead to lung cancer吸煙過(guò)度會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌。 4. master (n) 主人；碩士egDogs are loyal to their masters狗對(duì)主人很忠實(shí)。She is a Master of Science她是理科碩士。(vt) 精通 掌握一門外語(yǔ)是很難的。 Its difficult to master a foreign language5. satisfied (adj) (感到)滿意的 egI felt satisfied with your answer我對(duì)你的回答很滿意。satisfying (adj)令人滿意的 eg I hope for a satisfying reward我希望得到滿意的回報(bào)。satisfactory (adj) 達(dá)標(biāo)的，令人基本滿意的egYour performance is far from satisfactory. 你的表演遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法令人滿意。 satisfy (vt)使?jié)M意 egVarious services are provided to satisfy customersneeds我們提供各種服務(wù)以滿足顧客的需要。satisfaction (n) 滿意 to ones satisfaction令某人滿意的是 egTo his clients satisfaction，the lawyer won the case讓客戶滿意的是，律師贏得了官司。6. alone (adj)單獨(dú)的(只作表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，不作前置定語(yǔ))；僅僅(放在名詞或代詞后) (adv)單獨(dú)地 eg別管我。Just leave me aloneThe shoes alone cost 1，000 yuan 光鞋子就花了1，000元。He lives alone in that