口譯筆記速記符號歸總[1].doc

口譯筆記速記符號歸總目錄 1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations2.關(guān)于縮略詞 3.關(guān)于字母和圖像 4.用箭頭、數(shù)字符號、標(biāo)點符號來表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/一、 縮略詞 英語當(dāng)中縮略詞使用的頻率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞，會對考試大有裨益?？s略詞的寫法一般為四種方式：F 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF 保留前幾個字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF 保留開頭和結(jié)尾個發(fā)音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF 根據(jù)發(fā)音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高級口譯聽力常用英語縮略詞表縮略詞 原詞APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、 字母、圖像 Z 表示人people/person，因為Z看上去像個人頭，它通常被寫在一個詞或符號的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern 希臘字母C 讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 來表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示為 CZP 表示政治：politics, political 希臘字母P 讀/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示為 PZE 表示總數(shù)：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 數(shù)學(xué)符號表示總值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 為效率符號。Q 表示通貨膨脹：inflation 因為這個符號酷似一個上升的氣球。A 表示農(nóng)業(yè): agriculture. agriculture 經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商業(yè)：business。C 表示沖突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的表示反對，字母C將反對的概念縮小為conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，職業(yè): work, employ 等。它是work 的第一個字母。所以WZ 就可以用來表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工業(yè): industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業(yè)。U U 看酷似一個酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty, agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會表示舉杯祝賀。如果在U 內(nèi)填入2，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）,填入3 表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m(multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在U 上加一個/表示談判破裂。O 表示國家、民族、領(lǐng)土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示進口，Og 表示出口這個符號酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符號上加Z 表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示為 CT 圓圈表示一個圓桌，中間一點表示一盆花，這個符號就可以表示會議、開會等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 這個符號看上像條魚，所以表示捕魚業(yè)等合fishery 有關(guān)的詞匯。O 圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個符號就可以表示國際的、世界的、全球的等:international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示開心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不滿、生氣unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示聽到、總所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不關(guān)心、無動于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.三、 箭頭 g 表示到達、傳達：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示導(dǎo)致、引導(dǎo)：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示來自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch，open, start, etc.表示發(fā)展、加強、推進：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示波折：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、 數(shù)學(xué)符號 + 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示多的比較級：more+3 表示多的最高級：most 表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示錯誤、失誤和壞的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc.表示低概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示對手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在.之間：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc.表示無敵概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大約概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示否定，消除等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、 標(biāo)點等 : 表示各種各樣說的動詞：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示問題：question，issue，例如：臺灣問題：tw?. (dot) 這個.點的位置不同表示的概念也不一樣.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago。y表示this year, y2. two year laternext week, 可以表示為wk. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折 表示好的狀態(tài)，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示同意狀態(tài)，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的狀態(tài)：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示交流狀態(tài)：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示和，與：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示結(jié)束：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、 較長單詞的處理辦法 -ism 簡寫為 m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 簡 簡寫為 n 例如：standardization (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化) stdn-cian 簡 簡寫為 o 例如：technician techo-ing 簡寫為 g 例如：marketing (市場營銷) MKTg-ed 簡寫為 d 例如：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 簡寫為 bl 例如：available avbl-ment 簡寫為 mt 例如：amendment amdmt-ize 簡寫為 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 簡寫為 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl四. 口譯縮略符號(左欄為原詞,右欄為縮略符號)the - for f that -t from fr and & if .f are r is z he e be b or o you u to t your ur in n an a of v so s at me m all l they -y but bt this -s would (d there -r which (c has hs what (t had hd was (s have hv whom (m she )e will (l shall )l when (n most m- can kn my m.go g new nw some sm any an could kd first /- thing -, well (el think -nk say sa do d next nx lie l. until tl time t.m cannot knt send s+ more mo very vr easy ezAffix縮略語A accom, accor aG aggra, aggre, agre C circu, circum K cog, col,con,com,cor D des,dis m em,im n en,in X extra,extri H hydra,hydro N insta,inste,insti I inter,enter,intro,intre nK incla,incli.inclu L letter,liter mG magna,magni M mis P pr,per,pur,pre,pro,pri R reco,recom,recon.recor rK recla,recli.reclu S suspe,suspi,suscep T trans U ulta,ulte,ulti V. Suffix - B ble,able,ible,ably,ibly g/ age ance,inse,ancy,ensy + and,end,ant,ent r/ ary,ery,ory,ury N antic,entic T atic,etic,itic,otic S asict,istic,ostic,ustic J cient,cience,sient,tience cial,sual,tual,tial,tially : der,ter,tor,ther v/ ever F ful,fully f/ fication , ing t/ ity,oty,ety,uty K ical,acle,icle,cal G ology,alogy,ulogy V ive,sive,tive L ly,ely,ily n/ ness P ple,ply ! sion, tion - st,est,ist,ost ; ted D tude R ure s/ us,ous,ious縮略語和符號中國人民中人中國政府CHN gov美國人民美人；A人按我國有關(guān)規(guī)定國定 現(xiàn)代化現(xiàn)h 可行性可行x 企業(yè)家企業(yè)j 投資回報率投回 ROL 改革開發(fā)政策改開 感到特別親切特親 特殊政策和靈活政策特靈 GDP國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 5yrP five year plan SOE-國有企業(yè) FIE-外資企業(yè) JV合資企業(yè)JCCT China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade 中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會high-tech high-technology 高科技 eg for exampleetc and so on ie that is cf compareesp especiallymin minimummax maximumusu usuallyref referenceCo companystd standarddept departmentSH shanghai conference/meeting country/ country and country decrease /ascend/go up /rise up/raise/move up/mount up/rise descend/drop/fall/decline / go or come down more and more strong more and more weak1. leave sb the choice of . or . 要么，要么 (選擇類經(jīng)典句)Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸，我們要么頑強抵抗，要么屈膝投降。The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年過三十，要么成婚，要么單身。2. be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事 (使動類經(jīng)典句)The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全國同胞都在關(guān)注我們，如果我們有幸能夠拯救他們脫離強加于身的暴政，那將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。他所建立的組織最終使他垮了臺。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能夠讓你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到 (回憶類經(jīng)典句)Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development.追溯到1964年東京及1988年漢城舉辦