高考英語翻譯PPT課件

.,1,高考翻譯,Translation,.,2,從高考例子中透析常設(shè)考點(diǎn),2003年高考：那些未曾去過那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（it）Itsveryhardforthosewhohaventbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.2003年高考：勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方法之一。（infect）Washinghandsoften/frequently/regularlyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoavoidbeinginfectedbydisease(s).2004年高考：這個(gè)游戲規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語理解不清。（tooto）Therulesofthegamearetoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.2005年高考：你最好乘出租車去電影節(jié)的開幕式，不然就要吃到了。(or)YoudbettergototheopeningceremonyoftheFilmFestivalbytaxi,oryouwillbelate.2001年高考：我們的祖國從來沒有像今天這樣強(qiáng)大過。（Never）NeverbeforehasOurcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.2000年高考：我們利用這次長假去香港旅游（takeadvantageof）LetstakeadvantageofthelongvacationandmakeatriptoHongKong.2002年高考：如果方便的話，請(qǐng)幫我從郵局取回包裹。(convenient)If(itis)convenient,pleasefetchmetheparcelfromthepostoffice/pleasegotothepostofficeandfetchmetheparcel.2000年高考：眾所周知，成功來自勤奮，不努力則一事無成。（without）Asweallknow,successcomes/resultsfromhardwork;withouteffortsnothingcanbedone/achieved.,.,3,中譯英常設(shè)考點(diǎn),形式主語或形式賓語it動(dòng)名詞作主語句型結(jié)構(gòu)連詞倒裝句型動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語中英文化差異各類從句成語英譯,.,4,形式主語或形式賓語it,那些未曾去過那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（it）Itisveryhardforthosewhohaventbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。（it）Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.,.,5,常需要用形式主語來翻譯的情況,1、Its+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.Eg.ItssocarelessofyoutomakesomanyspellingmistakesintheEnglishexam2、ItsohappenedthatEg.ItsohappenedthatIdidnthaveanymoneyonme.3、Itsreported/believed/estimatedthatItsestimatedthatabout30passengerswerekilledinthebusaccident.4、在強(qiáng)調(diào)句itis+that中Eg.Itsbecauseofhisperseverancethatledtohislatesuccess.5、在含有某些形容詞的句子中，如important，necessary，impossible,natural,common,strange等。6、ItslikelythatEg.ItslikelythatJohnwontcomethoughhehaspromiseddo.,.,6,Practice:/Moreexamples,約翰來拜訪我時(shí)我碰巧不在家。（sohappen）ItsohappenedthatIwasntathomewhenJohncometovisitme.據(jù)報(bào)道，飛機(jī)失事是由引擎故障引起的。（report）Itisreportedthatthefailureintheenginesledtotheaircrash.他清楚地表明在任何情況下他是不會(huì)屈服的。（givein）Hehasmadeitclearthathewontgiveinunderanycircumstances.你要記住十點(diǎn)前你必須回家。（keep）Keepitinmindthatyouhavetobebackhomebeforeten.據(jù)估計(jì)，將有50多萬國內(nèi)外客人來參觀2010年上海世博會(huì)。（It）Itisestimatedthatmorethan500,000visitorfromhomeandabroadwilljointhe2010ShanghaiExpo我們已定好了規(guī)矩，開會(huì)吃到的要罰款。（it）Wehavemadeitarulethatthosewhoarelateforthemeetingwillbefined.我很討厭人們滿嘴食物時(shí)大聲說話。（hate）Ihateitwhenapeoplespeakloudlywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.湯姆很有可能乘錯(cuò)車了，否則他應(yīng)該到了。（It）ItslikelythatTomhastakenthewrongbus,orhewouldbeherebynow.我可以肯定是他偷走了我的錢包。（itthat）Imsurethatitishewhohasstolenmywallet.眾所周知，中國是個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。（It）ItsknowntoallthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.,.,7,歷屆高考,1.我們打籃球的時(shí)間到了。（It，time（08上海）2.你今晚能來參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎？(It，possible)（08上海）3.據(jù)報(bào)道這種野生植物含有豐富的維生素。(It)（07上海）4.躺在草地上聽音樂真是愜意。(It)（06上海）5.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。（it）（05上海）6.那些未曾去過那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。(It)（03上海）,.,8,7.保護(hù)環(huán)境是每個(gè)公民的職責(zé)。(It)（02上海）8.我沒有想到湯姆會(huì)被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。（occur）（02上海）9.如果方便的話，請(qǐng)幫我從郵局取回包裹。(it，convenient)（02上海）10.就我所知，在那座小城市里購物很方便。(asfaras，it)11.眾所周知，吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致多種疾病。(it，cause)12.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難跟上現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展。(it，keepupwith),.,9,1。Itistimeforustoplaybasketball.2。Isitpossibleforyoutoattendmybirthdaypartythisevening?3。Itisreported/saidthatthiswildplantisrichin/contains/hasalotofvitamins.4。Itispleasantlyingonthegrassandenjoyingthemusic.5。Ifindit(is)hardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.6。Itisveryhardforthosewhohaventbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.,.,10,7。Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.8。Itneveroccurred/didntoccurtomethatTomwould/shouldbeelected/madechairmanoftheStudentsUnion.9。If(itis)convenient,pleasefetchmetheparcelfromthepostoffice/pleasegotothepostofficeandfetchmetheparcel.10。AsfarasIknow,itisconvenienttodoshoppinginthatsmallcity.11。Itisknowntoallthatsmokingcancausemanydiseases.12。Peoplefinditharderandhardertokeepupwiththedevelopmentofmodernscience.,.,11,動(dòng)名詞作主語,1.勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方法之一。(infect)Washinghandsoften/frequently/regularlyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoavoidbeinginfectedbydiseases.2.充分利用時(shí)間并不意味著從早到晚不停地看書。(makefulluseoftime)Makingfulluseoftimedoesntmeankeepingonreadingbooksfrommorningtillnight.3.長時(shí)間看電視有損視力。(doharm)watchingtoomuchTVdoesharmtooneseyes./WatchingTVforalongtimedoesharmtooneseyes.,.,12,Practice:/Moreexamples,1、丟失那條名貴的項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)宫旣惡懿婚_心。（make）LosingtheexpensivenecklacemadeMaryverysad.2、廣泛閱讀是擴(kuò)大詞匯量的最有效途徑之一。(enlarge)Readingwidely/extensivelyisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoenlargeourvocabulary.3、定期復(fù)習(xí)課文可以使我們更好地掌握已學(xué)的知識(shí)。（enable）Reviewing/goingoverthetextsregularlyenablesustoknowbetterwhatwehavelearned.4、晚飯后看一會(huì)兒電視已成了我長期養(yǎng)成的一個(gè)習(xí)慣。（habit）WatchingTVforawhileaftersupperhasbeenmylongestablishedhabit.5、吃太多的甜食容易使人發(fā)胖。（likely）Eatingtoomuchsweetislikelytomakeonefat.6、飯后散一會(huì)兒步有益健康。（dogoodto）Takingawalkforawhileaftermealsdoesgoodtous.7、大量砍伐樹木已經(jīng)對(duì)生態(tài)平衡帶來了嚴(yán)重影響。（upset）Cuttingdowntreesinlargeamounthasgreatlyupsetthebalanceofnature.8、照看嬰兒是一項(xiàng)很累的活（task）Takingcareofbabiesisatiringtask.9、聽愉快的音樂有助于從疲勞中恢復(fù)過來。（help）Listeningtopleasantmusichelpstokeepusrefreshed.10、大量服用這種藥會(huì)產(chǎn)生副作用。（effect）Takingthismedicinetoomuchwillcausesideeffect.,.,13,歷屆高考,1。和園丁們一起工作讓我們學(xué)到許多關(guān)于花卉的知識(shí)。(enable)（07上海）2。多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)（05上海）3。勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方法之一。(infect)（03上海）4。早睡早起有益于健康。(dogoodto)（01上海）5。集郵幾乎占據(jù)了他所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間。(occupy)（2000，上海）6。充分利用時(shí)間并不意為著從早到晚不停地看書。(keep)（99上海）,.,14,1。Workingwiththegardenersenables/enabledustolearnalotof/gain/get/obtainalotofknowledgeaboutflowers.2。Eating/Havingmorevegetablesandfruits/fruitdoesgoodforoneshealth3。Washinghandsoften/frequently/regularlyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoavoidbeinginfectedbydisease(s).4。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlydoesgoodtoyourhealth.5。Collectingstampsoccupiesalmostallhissparetime.6。Makingfulluseoftimedoesntmeankeeping(on)readingbooksfrommorningtillnight.(Tomakeuseofdoesntmeanto),.,15,句型結(jié)構(gòu),1.很多人身體有疾病時(shí)才認(rèn)識(shí)到保持健康的重要性。(notuntil)Manypeoplearenotawareoftheimportanceofbeinghealthyuntiltheyareill.2.這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。(sothat)ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcantbeartoputitdown.,.,16,Practice:/Moreexamples,1、這個(gè)練習(xí)太難，沒幾個(gè)人能做對(duì)。（sothat）Theexercisewassodifficultthatfewpeoplewereabletoworkitoutsuccessfully.2、他下決心不再依賴父母，要靠自己用雙手謀生。（notbut）Hemadeuphismindnottodependonhisparentsanymore,buttomakealivingonhisown.3、瑪麗把開門的鑰匙丟了，只好在屋外等她媽媽。（donothingbut）Marycoulddonothingbutwaitforhermotheroutsidethehouse,asshehadlostherkeytothedoor.4、她身體太弱，沒法從事這樣艱苦的工作。（tooto）Sheistooweaktotakeupthedemandingjob.5、與閱讀一樣，聽力在語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中也起著重要作用。（asas）Listeningissimportantasreadinginthecourseoflanguagelearning.6、人們普遍認(rèn)為，用腦越多，智力越活躍。（themorethemore）Itsgenerallybelievedthatthemoreourbrainsareused,themoreactiveourintelligencewillbe.7、正是在這個(gè)小城里，他度過了幸福的童年。（Itisthat）Itisinthissmalltownthathespenthishappychildhood.8、這位作家生活在18世紀(jì)60年代，但他的作品到90年代才流行。（notuntil）Thewriterlivedinthe1760s,buthisworksdidntbecomepopularuntilthe90s.9、他是鑒定書法的高手，自己也寫得一手好字。（notonlybutalso）Heisnotonlyanexpertoncalligraphyevaluationbutalsoisskilledincalligraphy.10、過了若干年那個(gè)事件的真相才被揭示出來。（Itbefore）Itisacoupleofyearsbeforethetruthbehindtheeventwasreleased,.,17,歷屆高考,1。遇到困難的時(shí)侯，我們需要的不是彼此的埋怨，而是相互幫助。(notbut)（07上海）2。你最好乘出租車去電影節(jié)的開幕式，不然就要遲到了。(or)(05上海）3。這個(gè)游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語解釋不清。(tooto)（04上海）4。直到被送入手術(shù)室時(shí)，他才明白遵守交通規(guī)則的重要性。(notuntil),.,18,5.這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。(sothat)(03上海)6.如果隊(duì)員之間不加強(qiáng)配合，我校籃球隊(duì)就不可能在決賽中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手。(unless)(02上海)7.你一旦養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣，改掉它是很難的。(once)(2000上海)8.盡管有很多困難，我們?nèi)詫⑴?zhí)行我們的計(jì)劃。(inspiteof)(2000上海),.,19,歷屆高考,1.When(weare)indifficulty/Whenwemeetwith/havedifficulties,whatweneedisnottheblameeachotherbuttohelpeachother.（notbut)2.YoudbettergototheopeningceremonyoftheFilmFestivalbytaxi,oryouwillbelate.(or)3.Therulesofthegamearetoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.4.Hedidntrealizetheimportanceofobserving/following/keeping/carrying/outthetrafficregulations/rulesuntilhewassentintotheoperatingroom.,.,20,Thehistoricalnovelabout/describingWorldWarI/theFirstWorldWarissoattractivethatIcanthear(todo)/standpartingwithit/puttingitdown(back,aside)/leavingitaside.Ourschoolbasketballteamwillnotbeattheopponentsinthefinalmatch/final(s)unlesstheteammembersstrengthentheircooperation/cooperatewelleachother.Onceyouform/getintoabadhabit,itsverydifficulttogetridof/getoutofit.,.,21,連詞,1.我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。(before)Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion)2.如果隊(duì)員之間不加強(qiáng)配合，我?；@球隊(duì)不可能在決賽中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手。(unless)Ourschoolbasketballteamwillnotbeattheopponentsinthefinalmatchunlesstheteam.membersstrengthentheircooperationwellwitheachother.,.,22,Practice:/Moreexamples,1、你不說我根本不知道這件事。（until）Ididntknowitatalluntilyoutoldmeaboutit.2、過了許多年他才知道誰在他困難的時(shí)候幫助了他。（before）Itwasmanyyearsbeforeheknewwhohadhelpedhimwhenhewasintrouble.3、動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，否則你就會(huì)上他的當(dāng)。（or）Useyourhead,oryoullbecheatedbyhim4、紐約是國際大都市，那里你會(huì)遇見形形色色的人。（while）NewYorkisaninternationalcity,whereyouarelikelytomeetdifferentpeople5、你一旦養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣，改掉它是很難的。（once）Onceyougetintoabadhabit,itsverydifficulttogetridofit.6、我讀了這本書才對(duì)香港的歷史有了更多的了解。（notuntil）didntknowmuchaboutthehistoryofHongKonguntilIreadthisbook.,.,23,7、不說出事實(shí)真相我是不會(huì)讓你走的。（unless）Iwontletyougounlessyoutellmethetruth.8、要是你去那個(gè)城市走走，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒的情況比想象的更糟。（and）Goaroundthecityandyouwillknowthesituationthereisworsethanexpected9、只要你努力，即使不成功也不會(huì)責(zé)怪你的。(aslongas)Youarenottoblameevenifyoufailaslongasyouhavetriedyourbest.10、我們正在欣賞扣人心弦的足球賽，突然天下起了大雨。（when）Wewereenjoyingtheexcitingfootballmatchwhenit(suddenly)rainedheavily.,.,24,倒裝句型,1.我們的祖國從來沒有象今天這樣強(qiáng)大。（Never）Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.2他親自到了中國后才意識(shí)到他對(duì)中國的了解是何等膚淺。(Only)Onlywhenhecametochinahimselfdidherealizehowpoorhisknowledgeofthecountrywas.,.,25,Practice:/Moreexamples,讀報(bào)之前我對(duì)這起事件一無所知。（Notuntil）NotuntilIreadthenewspaperdidIknowanythingabouttheevent.我剛出門就想起把鑰匙忘在臥室了。（Nosooner）NosoonerhadIlefthomethanIrealizedthatIhadleftmykeysinthebedroom.盡管對(duì)南極進(jìn)行了不少科學(xué)考察，我們對(duì)它還知之甚少。（Little）LittlehaveweknownabouttheAntarcticinspiteofscientificresearchworkthere.到了那里你才會(huì)知道那兒的景色真是妙不可言。（Only）Onlywhenyougotherewillyouknowhowfantasticthescenerythereis.他一生中從未離開過他出生成長的家鄉(xiāng)。（Never）Neverinhislifedidheleavehishometown,wherehewasbornandbroughtup.,.,26,這件事我一無所知，我也不關(guān)心此事。（nor）Iknownothingaboutit,nordoIcareaboutit.不懂規(guī)則你幾乎無法欣賞這種比賽。（Hardly）Hardlycanyouappreciatethematchwithoutknowingtherulesaboutit.你很少會(huì)見到他發(fā)脾氣。（Seldom）Seldomdoyouseehimlosehistemper.他一穿上外衣就匆忙朝銀行方向走去。（Hardlyhad）Hardlyhadheputonhisovercoatwhenhewentinthedirectionofthebankinahurry.無論如何你都不允許把這個(gè)秘密透露給任何人。（Innocircumstance）Innocircumstancesareyouallowedtotellanyonethesecret.,.,27,歷屆高考倒裝,1。這小孩太調(diào)皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So)（06上海）2。我們的祖國從來沒有像今天這樣強(qiáng)大。(Never)（01上海）,.,28,1。Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.2。Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.,.,29,動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語,1.這張照片使我想起了我們?cè)谙牧顮I里度過的日子。(remind)Thephotoremindsmeofthedayswespentinthesummercamp.2.說老實(shí)話，我真后悔沒能幫助他擺脫困境。(regret)Totellthetruth,Ireallyregretnotbeingabletohelphimoutofthetrouble.,.,30,縱觀歷屆高考翻譯題型，每題的考核點(diǎn)始終保持在2至3個(gè)之間。在所有考核點(diǎn)中，短語的地位最為重要?；旧显诿看慰荚囍?，考短語的考核點(diǎn)都占總考核點(diǎn)的一半左右。而在對(duì)短語的考核中，動(dòng)詞短語的地位是不言而喻的。高考的短語，十有八九考的是動(dòng)詞短語。,.,31,1、應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將課堂上所學(xué)的知識(shí)用于實(shí)踐中去。（apply）Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2、不遵守交通規(guī)則的人將受到嚴(yán)懲。（fail）Thosewhofailtoobservetrafficregulationswillbeseverelypunished.3、過海關(guān)時(shí)，所有的行李都得接受檢查。（check）Whenoneispassingthecustoms,allhisluggageistobechecked.4、超市向顧客提供成千上萬價(jià)美物廉的的商品。（provide）Supermarktsprovidetheircustomerswiththousandsofproductsinlowpriceandfinequality.5、你打算畢業(yè)后從事與你父母一樣的職業(yè)嗎？（intend）Areyouintendedtofollowyourparentscarrer?,.,32,6、你提到的那本書已經(jīng)脫銷了。（refer）Thebookyoureferredtoisoutofstocknow.7、許多顧客向飯店經(jīng)理投訴該店糟糕的服務(wù)。（complain）Manydinerscomplainedtotherestaurantmanageraboutthepoorservicethere.8、隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在許多家庭都買得起小轎車。（afford）Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,nowadaysmanyfamiliescanafford(tobuy)cars.9、已經(jīng)采取了新措施來防止這種疾病蔓延。（prevent）Newmeasureshavebeentakentopreventthiskindofdisease(from)spreading.10、這起事故究竟是如何發(fā)生的至今仍然是個(gè)迷。Itstillremainsamysteryhowonearththeaccidentoccurred.,.,33,6、你提到的那本書已經(jīng)脫銷了。（refer）Thebookyoureferredtoisoutofstocknow.7、許多顧客向飯店經(jīng)理投訴該店糟糕的服務(wù)。（complain）Manydinerscomplainedtotherestaurantmanageraboutthepoorservicethere.8、隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在許多家庭都買得起小轎車。（afford）Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,nowadaysmanyfamiliescanafford(tobuy)cars.9、已經(jīng)采取了新措施來防止這種疾病蔓延。（prevent）Newmeasureshavebeentakentopreventthiskindofdisease(from)spreading.10、這起事故究竟是如何發(fā)生的至今仍然是個(gè)迷。Itstillremainsamysteryhowonearththeaccidentoccurred.,.,34,中英文化差異,1.如果方便的話，請(qǐng)幫我從郵局取回包裹。（convenient）Ifitisconvenient(toyou),pleasefetchmetheparcelfromthepostoffice.2.這本字典在所有的書店都買得到。(available),.,35,注意中英文句型表達(dá)的區(qū)別，避免產(chǎn)生中國式英語用中文來思維和表達(dá)的方式和用英文來思維和表達(dá)有著很大的差異，因此做中譯英時(shí)，不能按照中國人的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式或一字一句按照中文語句的順序來翻譯，否則就會(huì)產(chǎn)生不倫不類的中國式英語。所以我們要按照英語的習(xí)慣，準(zhǔn)確地將中文的意思用英文表達(dá)出來。中文連詞與英語連詞中文的連詞可以成雙成對(duì)地使用，但是在英語中，只能用其中的一個(gè)。例1這個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快，可是某些市民的素質(zhì)還不盡如人意。(quality)（2001年上海高考）全句譯為：Althoughtheeconomyinthisareaisdevelopingrapidly,thequalitiesofsomecitizensarestillnotsatisfactory.在中文中“雖然”和“但是”可以成對(duì)出現(xiàn)，但在英文句子中，although和but只能取其一，但although可以與yet連用。例2因?yàn)榇蚧饳C(jī)會(huì)引起火災(zāi)，所以應(yīng)被放置在兒童夠不著的地方。(outofonesreach)全句譯為：Becausethelighterscancausefires,theyshouldbekeptoutofchildrensreach.中文句子里的連詞“因?yàn)樗浴蹦艹蓪?duì)出現(xiàn)，但是英語中卻只能用一個(gè)，即because和so不能連用。,.,36,2.中文的“有”與therebe句型英文里的“有”不是都能翻譯成have的,如果是“客觀的存在”要用therebe句型.例3房子里有兩間小房間，較小的那間做廚房用。(serve)全句譯為:Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse,thesmallerofwhichservesasakitchen.看到這句中文后，很顯然不能按照中文將詞匯進(jìn)行堆砌，翻譯成Thehousehastwosmallrooms。英文中的have常表示所屬關(guān)系，或人擁有，而對(duì)于“客觀存在”在英文里要用therebe句型表達(dá)。例4他從不聽取別人的意見，所以跟他談是沒有必要的。(need)全句譯為：Thereisnoneedtotalkwithhimsincehenevertakesothersadvice.該句也不能按照中文的習(xí)慣翻譯成totalkwithhimisnoneed,這樣就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了?！?.,37,有關(guān)方面對(duì)正在建造中的隧道情況已經(jīng)做了報(bào)告。(inprogress)全句譯為:Reportshavebeengivenontheconstructionofthetunnelwhichisinprogress.。這句句子中如果把“有關(guān)方面”譯成“therelateddepartment”顯然是中國式的英語。因此將report做主語，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這個(gè)報(bào)告是誰做的并不重要，無需翻譯出來。,.,38,成語英譯,近年英語高考翻譯題中愈來愈多地出現(xiàn)了成語、諺語、俗語等,.,39,如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差不大，可以用直譯的方法，但其中的用詞要符合英語的習(xí)慣。如果成語、諺語和俗語的組成結(jié)構(gòu)中英文相差很大，可以用意譯的方法。,.,40,高考例子,1999年：他在實(shí)驗(yàn)中多次失敗，但他相信失敗是成功之母。Hehasfailedinhisexperimentsmanytimes,buthebelievesthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.2000年：眾所周知，成功來自勤奮，不努力則一事無成。Asweallknow,successcomesfromhardwork,withouteffortsnothingcanbedone.orItisknowntoallthatsuccessresultsfromdiligence;withouteffortsnothingcanbeachieved.,.,41,2001年,他們應(yīng)從這件事中吸取教訓(xùn)，玩火者必自焚。Theyshouldlearnalessonfromthisincident;hewhoplayswithfirewillsurelygetburnt.這個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快，可是某些市民的素質(zhì)還不盡如人意。Althoughtheeconomyinthisareaisdevelopingrapidly,thequalitiesofsomecitizensarestillnotsatisfactory.,.,42,2002年,當(dāng)時(shí)，那位出租車司機(jī)別無選擇，只能求助與游客。Atthetime,thetaxidriverhadnochoicebuttoturntothetourists/traveler(forhelp).許多外國游客都想去長城一游，他們知道“不到長城非好漢”。ManyforeigntouristswanttovisittheGreatWall.Theyknowthat”HewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”,.,43,2003年,請(qǐng)盡早做出決定，不然你會(huì)坐失良機(jī)。Pleasemakeupyourmindasearlyaspossible,oryouwillmissthegoodopportunity.orPleasemakeyourdecisionasearlyaspossible,oryoulllosethegoldenchance.這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarI(WWI)issoattractivethatIcantstandpartingwithit.(Icantstandputtingitdown),.,44,2004年,雖然她孤身一人，無親無故，但鄰居們都向她伸出了援助之手。Althoughshelives(alone)withnorelativesorfriends,allthe/herneighbouresofferherahelpinghand/offertohelpher.這個(gè)游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語解釋不清。Therulesofthegamearetoocompletedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。Ifinditishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinion.,.,45,2005年,只要我們齊心協(xié)力，就能很快解決這個(gè)技術(shù)難題。Solongas/Aslongas/Ifweworkco-operatively/withcombinedefforts/jointefforts,wewillbeabletosolve/workoutthetechnicalproblems.soon.他進(jìn)公司后不久就開始獨(dú)立完成了一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，同事們對(duì)他刮目相看。（so）Hefinishedadifficulttaskonhisown/independentlysoon/shortlyafterheenteredthecompany,sohiscolleagueslookedathimwithneweyes/regardedhiminatotallydifferentlight/treatedhimwithincreasedrespect.,.,46,2006,每次我向她請(qǐng)教，她總是有求必應(yīng)。而且解釋得令我十分滿意。(satisfaction)這小孩太調(diào)皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So),.,47,2006,EverytimeIaskherforadvice,sheisalwaysreadytohelp,andexplainstomyfullsatisfaction.Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.,.,48,2007,醫(yī)生挨家挨戶上門巡訪，省去了許多老人去醫(yī)院的麻煩。(save)（07上海）Doctorsdoor-to-doorvisitssavemanyoldpeoplestroubleofgoingtohospital.,.,49,2008,我對(duì)學(xué)生所談?wù)摰碾娮赢a(chǎn)品一無所知，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己落伍了。(ignorant)（08上海）Beingignorantoftheelectronicproductsthestudentsaretalkingabout,Ifindmyselfleftbehind.,.,50,復(fù)合句,在歷年的從句考核中，狀語從句、定語從句賓語從句下面主要以上海高考卷中的一些翻譯題為例，簡要說明一下各從句中的要點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。,.,51,我第一次寫英語作文時(shí)，犯了許多拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(make)（2002年上海）ThefirsttimeIwrotetheEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.時(shí)間狀語從句，某些時(shí)間狀語從句由thefirsttime,eachtime,everytime和themoment等詞組引導(dǎo)，又如：他每次來，總是講給我們聽一些趣事。Every/Eachtimehecomes,healwaystellsussomethinginteresting.由于Every/Eachtime本身就是連接詞語，所以Every/Eachtime引導(dǎo)的從句，直接跟句子。,.,52,彼得每月留出一點(diǎn)錢以便在不久的將來購買一輛新汽車。(setaside)（1998上海高考）Petersetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyanewcarinthenearfuture.該題考了sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，sothat后面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般為目的狀語從句，沒有的一般為結(jié)果狀語從句。如：這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。（2003年上海高考）ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcantstandpartingwithit.該句考的是so+形容詞或副詞+that的結(jié)果狀語從句。,.,53,不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)（2002年上海）Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.該句是讓步狀語從句，表示“無論”的狀語從句可以翻譯成wh+ever或nomatter+how/what/when/where引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)。However后面應(yīng)該直接跟所修飾的形容詞或副詞，也可翻譯成：Nomatterhowlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.,.,54,多參加些體育鍛煉，你就不那么容易感冒了。(If)（2004年）Ifyoutake/havemorephysicalexercise(s),youwillnotcatch/arenotlikelytocatchacoldeasily.該句考的是條件狀語從句。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)。,.,55,定語從句,這張照片讓我們想起了在夏令營里度過的日子。(remind)（2000年上海）Thepictureremindsmeofthedaysthatwerespentinthesummercamp.該句中“在夏令營里度過的日子”是一句定語從句。days在定語從句中是充當(dāng)主語的，不是狀語，因此用that或which，而不能用when來引導(dǎo)定語從句。,.,56,定語從句,那些未曾去過那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。(It)（2003年上海）Itsveryhardforthosewhohaventbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.該句關(guān)鍵是掌握thosewho引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法。這里先行詞是those（指人），所以后面用who。,.,57,賓語從句,賓語從句一般由that,whether,if以及疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的。以疑問代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句往往是考題中的難點(diǎn)。例:不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)（2002年上海）Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.該題考了一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，TheteacheraskedmehowIcanrelaxmyselfinsuchapleasantwaywhentheentranceexaminationwascoming.該句是由how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，,.,58,2008盡管遭受如此嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，但只要不灰心，我們終會(huì)克服暫時(shí)的困難。(Although)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaseverenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallyovercomethetemporarydifficultyaslongaswedontloseheart.,.,59,2007,無論風(fēng)多大、雨多急，警察一直堅(jiān)持在崗位上。(nomatter)Nomatterhowhardtherainfallsandthewindblows,thepolicekeeptotheirposts.遇到困難的時(shí)侯，我們需要的不是彼此的埋怨，而是相互幫助。(notbut)When(weare)indifficulty/Whenwemeetwith/havedifficulties,whatweneedisnottheblameeachotherbuttohelpeachother.,.,60,2006,一本書是否暢銷取決于多種因素。(Whether)Whetherabooksellswelldependsonmany/variousfa