七寶中學(xué)高考英語之虛擬語氣 (NX)

虛擬語氣,(SubjunctiveMood),語氣分三種:陳述語氣;祈使語氣;虛擬語氣,一虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的使用二虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的使用三.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的使用四.虛擬語氣在表語從句與同位語從句中的使用五.虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句中的使用六.虛擬語氣在目的狀語從句中的使用七.虛擬語氣在讓步狀語從句中的使用八.虛擬語氣表祝愿或愿望,一虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的使用,如果假設(shè)的情況與事實相反，或是根本不可能發(fā)生或是發(fā)生的可能性很小，這就是非真實條件句，即虛擬條件句。1與現(xiàn)在的事實相反的假設(shè)的動詞形式從句：過去式（be只用were）主句：would(should/could/might)+動詞原形Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.,高考例題1）(1984年高考)Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D,2與過去的事實相反的假設(shè)的動詞形式從句：had+p.p.主句：would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.Sheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.,2）(1993年高考)Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnottaken答案:B,3與將來的事實相反的假設(shè)的動詞形式從句：過去式或should/wereto+動詞原形主句：would(should/could/might)+動詞原形IfIweretobe20yearsoldnextyear,Ishouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?,3）Ifhe_tomorrow,hewouldfindMr.Wangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come答案:C,注：1。在if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒裝（從句位于主句前）Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.=Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?=Whatwouldhappeniftheearthwereto/shouldstopturning?=Weretheearthtostopturning,whatwouldhappen?=Shouldtheearthstopturning,whatwouldhappen?,4）_hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard答案:A,2某些介詞without/butfor等或連詞otherewise等表示含蓄條件，需用虛擬語氣。Withoutair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.=Iftherewerenoair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.,Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Jackcanthavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephoneme.=Jackcanthavearrivedyet;ifhehadarrived,hewouldhavetelephoneme.,5）(1991年高考)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D6）(2001年上海春招)Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored答案:D,3當主句的動作和從句的動作不是發(fā)生在同一時間，需用混合虛擬條件句表示。1）過去時與現(xiàn)在時混合使用，即條件為過去事實相反的假設(shè)，而主句為與現(xiàn)在事實相反的說法。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.,3）現(xiàn)在時與將來時混合使用。Ifhewereherenow,hewastostartoffwithustomorrow.7）(2002年上海)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall答案:B,8）(1995年高考)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案:C,二虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的使用,1在動詞order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask等詞后的賓語從句中謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形。Janesuncleinsistedthatshenotstayinthehotel.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditionsbeimproved.,注：這些詞的后面有時也不用虛擬語氣。Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.9）(1987年高考)Thejudgeorderedthatthethief_punished.A.wouldbeB.shouldbeC.wastobeD.mustbe答案:B,10）(1997年高考)Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has答案:B,2動詞wish的賓語從句的謂語動詞與條件從句的謂語動詞形式一樣，即：現(xiàn)在使用過去；過去使用過去完成；將來使用過去將來（不管主句的謂語動詞如何）。IdowishthatIcouldhelpyou.IwishIhadknowntheanswertothequestionthen.,高考例題11）(2002年上海春招)HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad答案:B12）(1988年高考)IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseenC.hadseenD.weretosee答案:C,2.It+be+important/desirable(理想的)/better/strange/necessary/surprising/+that從句(should+動詞原形)Itisnecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthediscussion.,4.Itis(high/about)time+that從句(動詞用一般過去時態(tài))Itistimeweleft.=Itistimeforustoleave.Itishightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.例題13)Itisdesirablethattheplane_aslightaspossible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were答案:B,三.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的使用,1.It+be+suggested/ordered/demanded/required/requested/planned/arranged/+that從句(should+動詞原形)ItwassuggestedthatJane(should)haveamedicalexamination.,14）Itishightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.willgoD.hadgone答案:B15）Iwouldratherthatyou_rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldlive答案:B,四.虛擬語氣在表語從句與同位語從句中的使用,名詞suggestion/proposal(建議)/order/advice/demand等可以接名詞性從句,從句中的謂語動詞一般使用虛擬語氣,(should)+動詞原形.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.,例題16）Theirdemandisthattheirwages_increasedby20%.A.beB.shouldC.willbeD.mustbe答案:A17）Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven答案:C,五.虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句中的使用,關(guān)聯(lián)詞有asif/asthough(用法與wish后的賓語從句相同,即:現(xiàn)在使用過去；過去使用過去完成；將來使用過去將來（不管主句的謂語動詞如何）。Theylookratherpuzzledasiftheydidntknowanythingaboutit.,高考例題18）(1993年高考)Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen答案:D,六.虛擬語氣在目的狀語從句中的使用,由sothat/inorderthat/forfearthat(以免)引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語動詞常使用情態(tài)動詞may/might/can/could等.IgotthereearlierthanusualsothatIcouldbethefirstonetoenterthechurch.Hetriedhisbesttostudyinorderthathemightpasstheexams.,例題19）Theemperorgavethetwocheatssomegoldinorderthatthey_theirworkatonce.A.maybeginB.canbeginC.mightbeginD.shouldbegin答案:C,七.虛擬語氣在讓步狀語從句中的使用,evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,若表示與事實相反,其動詞用虛擬語氣形式,主從句中的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同.Evenif/EventhoughIwererich,Iwouldwork.,例題20）Evenifhe_here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen答案:B,八.虛擬語氣表祝愿或愿望,1.祝愿句常用動詞原形或may引導(dǎo)的倒裝句.Godblessyou!=MayGodblessyou!