高中英語主謂一致語法復習

1、高中英語語法之主謂一致概述：1) 語法形式上要一致,即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復數形式上一致2) 意義上要一致,即主語和謂語的一致關系取決于主語的單、復數意義.1 并列結構作主語時當意義為復數時謂語用復數注意: 當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數,and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the me

2、eting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮.這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C.本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞.后面的職務用and 相連.這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the des

3、k.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.總的來說，在由not onlybut also, not justbut, or, eitheror, neithernor連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復數按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復數形式。如：Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go.Here is a

4、 pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 高考資源網當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.4 謂語需用單數1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等

5、構成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數.Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch.2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書.3) 表示金錢,時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數.(用復數也可,意思不變.) Three weeks was allowed for ma

6、king the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意義決定謂語的單復數1) 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定. All is right. (一切順利.) All are present. (所有人都到齊了.)2) 集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復數形式時,意

7、為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數時表示該個集體. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一個大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者.但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情況下都用復數形式. Are there any police around3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數,有時看作復數. A number of +名詞復數+復數動詞

8、. The number of +名詞復數+單數動詞.A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時,動詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2) 在一些短語,如 many a

9、或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數形式.但由more than of 作主語時,動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致.Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市.主謂一致中的表里不一現(xiàn)象和主語必須在人稱和數上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數主語用單數動詞,復數主語用復數動詞.但在實際使用當中情況比較復雜,現(xiàn)在學生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下1,more than one +名詞作

10、主語時,謂語動詞常用單數.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花.2, many a +名詞作主語時,從意義上看是復數,但謂語動詞常用單數.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學生被派去植樹.3,half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分數或分數+of 等后接名詞作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據of后的名詞而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with

11、water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.4,all指人時,動詞用復數;all指物時,動詞用單數.例如:All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利5,what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數名詞時,動詞用單數,相反,則用復數.例如:What they want to get isthe number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.6,and連接的兩個單數名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式.例如: No book and no pen is fou

12、nd in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.7,當主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.8,each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關.例如:They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車.9,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式短

13、語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習慣.10,the following作主語時,謂語動詞的數與后面名詞的數保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結尾的學科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.以-s結尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools.

14、現(xiàn)在各學校都開設政治課.當以-ics結尾的學科名詞表示學科以外的意義時，用作復數，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點)economics（經濟意義）等12,有些用來表示由兩個對應部分組成一體的名詞復數(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語時,前面若有一條,一副,一把之類的單位詞,動詞用單數;若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復數,則謂語動詞用復數.例如:The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適.還有一些以-s結尾的名詞通常用復數：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.mi

15、nites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等13,one and ahalf +名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數.例如:One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果.14,One or two more +復數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,one of+復數名詞+ 定語從句結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數;而在the only one of +復數名詞+定語

16、從句的結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數.例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準時到達那里的學生之一.16,表示時間,距離,金錢等的復數名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數,但若強調數量,謂語動詞可用復數.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢.以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題 英語可數名詞的規(guī)則復數形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結尾的名詞并不是可數名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂

17、一致問題。（一）以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結尾的疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. （二）以-s結尾的游戲名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 以-s結尾的游戲名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數。 例如： Darts is basically a easy game. 但當Darts，Marbles等

18、的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱時，謂語動詞通常用作復數。 例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. （三）以-s結尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 某些以-s結尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實體，所以謂語動詞用作單數。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early Ja

19、nuary 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作復數。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. （四）以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 某些以-ics結尾的學科名稱作主語時，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, ath

20、letics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數。 例如： The third world economics is promising. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果這類名詞表示學科以外的其它含義，可作復數用。 例如： Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college. （五）其它以-s結尾的名詞的主謂一致問題 A.以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語 高考資源網英語中有一些通常以-s結尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses, pince

21、rs,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trouse等集合名詞的主謂一致集合名詞作主語時,主謂一致關系是一個較為復雜的問題.對此類問題我們可以從數的角度分為四類.1)單數復數型.凡是有復數詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類.如:a classclasses; a familyfamilies; a governmentgovernments; an armyarmies; a peoplepeoples; a groupgroups; a crowdcrowds; a crewcrews等.這類集合名詞強調的是整體性,即當作一個整體或多個整體來看待.屬于這類集

22、合名詞的單數作主語時,謂語動詞用單數;復數形式作主語時,謂語動詞用復數.【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. The government has decided to pass the bill. There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.但應注意,這類集合名詞的單數形式有時表示復數概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數形式也可歸為單復同形型中.2)單數型.這類集合

23、名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內,所以只有單數形式.如作主語,謂語動詞常用單數.這類名詞常見的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.3)復數型.這類集合名詞在形式和內容上是相互矛盾的,就是說它們只有單數形式,但表達的都是復數概念.它

24、強調的是集體中的個體性.這類名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數.【例如】The police have caught the murder. Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)單復同形型.這類集合名詞的單數形式既可表示單數也可表示復數.作主語時,用單數動詞或復數動詞均可,有時意義區(qū)別不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are (is)

25、 excellent. The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park. The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.這類集合名詞常見的有:class, family, team, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等.根據說話人的心理意向若把這個集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個整體,就認為是單數,用單數動詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個個體的話,就認為其為復數,用復數動詞.試比較:The

26、football team is playing well. 那個足球隊打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球隊員們正在洗澡,然后來這里吃茶點.The family is a very happy one.那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭.That family are very pleased about the news of Williams success. 全家人對威廉的成功都感到很高興.練習1. Neither of them _ going to the

27、cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say _ this.A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the students _ increasing year. A. have

28、; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is 4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour (酸).A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is 5. Each student -_ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary.A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. ha

29、s; has6. There _ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There _ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 7. Either the judge or the lawvers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is 8. His family _ all very well. His

30、 family _ a “ five good” one.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is 10. Our League secretary and monitor _ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends.A.

31、take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are11. The girl as well as his parents _ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _ surprised at Marys answer.A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were12. Who _ the girl singing in the next room? Who _ these people over there?A. are;

32、 are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is 13. Most of the students _ boys. Most of his money _ spent on books.A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are14. The policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 15. The glass

33、es _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 16. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ to be broadcasted.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang,

34、together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 18. No one but Jane _ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I _ in the classroom at that time.A. know; was B.knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. T

35、here _ something wrong with the machine.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _ never late for school.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 21. What they have done _ of great use to us. What he s

36、ays and what he does _ agree.A. is; not B.is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not22. Every picture except these two _. Everything around us _ matter.A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are23. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along wit

37、h her parents, _ moved to Paris.A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has24. one sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ devoted to writing.A. comes; is B.come; are C. come; is D. comes; are25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _ League members. Abou

38、t 40% of Jims income _ to the rent (租金). A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go26. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who _ next. A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is27. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. One third of the population here _ workers.A. is;

39、 are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are28. This kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are29. Half of the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are30. Every man worker and every woma

40、n worker _ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _ given a present. A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are31. Many a man _ seen the wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film.A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have32. Going to bed early and gettin

41、g up early _ a good habit. Singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are33. Such _ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such _ her words.A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _ willi

42、ng to do the work. The factory, including its machines _ burnt last night.A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are35. If anybody _, ask him to wait. _ there anything I can do for you?A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D.comes; Is36. Chinese _ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people _ brave and hard working.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are37. Little _