取得英語語法成功的基石.ppt

1、取得英語語法成功的基石,句子成分和句子的基本類型,句子成分,主 謂 賓 主語 謂語 賓語 定語,狀語 補(bǔ)語 同位語,主語 謂語 賓語,觀察下面一個(gè)例句，你能找到句中的“主語” 、“謂語” 、“賓語”嗎? 因此這是個(gè)典型的“主謂賓”句型。,I,beat,you .,主語,謂語,賓語,SVO,主語 (Subject),主語是動(dòng)作的主體部分 在主動(dòng)句中：主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者 I teach you English. 在被動(dòng)句中：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者 You are beaten . 主語一般由名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞充當(dāng)。 Twelve divided by four is three.（數(shù)詞） 主語還可以由從

2、句或非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。 What I want to do is join the party. Smoking is harmful to your health. To learn English is difficult.,謂語 (Predicate),謂語 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作、行為，是由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)?shù)摹?I teach you English. 一個(gè)句子能不能沒有謂語？,謂語,不能,賓語 (Object):,賓語的分類： 動(dòng)詞賓語：動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象。 I love you. 介詞賓語：介詞所涉及的對(duì)象。 I want to give this book to you. 賓語一般由名詞、代詞充當(dāng)。 賓

3、語也可以是一個(gè)從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞。 He told me that he felt lonely. He likes swimming.,介詞補(bǔ)語,動(dòng)賓,介賓,定語 (Attributive):,定語的作用 用于修飾、限定名詞或代詞。 定語一般由？充當(dāng)。 a beautiful girl 定語還可以由名詞充當(dāng)，表用途。 a pencil box,定語,形容詞,定語 (Attributive):,定語也可以由從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。 Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others. an interesting

4、 book a meeting to attend 定語也可以由副詞（詞組）或介詞（詞組）充當(dāng)。 The man over there The books on the shelf,狀語(Adverbial),狀語是用于修飾副詞、形容詞或動(dòng)詞的成分。 狀語一般由副詞充當(dāng)。 Those problems are pretty hard. 形容詞也可以充當(dāng)狀語。 Happy to see him, she forgot everything.,狀語(Adverbial),介詞詞組、非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句也可以充當(dāng)狀語。 They managed to finish the job before Mond

5、ay.（介詞詞組） The old man sat on the bench, enjoying the sun-set.（現(xiàn)在分詞詞組） As he was leaving the office, it started to rain.（時(shí)間狀語從句）,補(bǔ)語(Complement),補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。 補(bǔ)語一般由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng)。 I am a teacher. (S C) Dont leave me alone. (O C),主語補(bǔ)語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,PS：位于連系動(dòng)詞后的主語補(bǔ)語又稱“表語”。,Notice:這是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”,補(bǔ)語(Compleme

6、nt),副詞、介詞（詞組）、非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句都可以在系動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語。 Time is up. (adv.) They are in the classroom. (prep.) The place is where we first met each other. 副詞、介詞（詞組）或非謂語動(dòng)詞也可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。 She laid the baby on the bed. (prep.) I saw him rushing into the classroom.,補(bǔ)語(Complement),隨著語態(tài)的變化，主語補(bǔ)語和賓語補(bǔ)語是發(fā)生變化的。 Everyone calls him Jack

7、. （賓補(bǔ)） He is called Jack.（主補(bǔ)）,同位語(Appositive),同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明 同位語一般由名詞或名詞詞組充當(dāng) The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. 名詞性從句也可以充當(dāng)同位語（修飾抽象名詞為多） The news that he went abroad surprised me.,句子的基本類型,根據(jù)不同的謂語動(dòng)詞，我們可以把句子分成五大種七大類。 我們用S表示主語，

8、V表示謂語，O表示賓語，C表示補(bǔ)語，A表示狀語。,謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞 謂語為連系動(dòng)詞 謂語為及物動(dòng)詞 謂語為能帶雙賓的及物動(dòng)詞 謂語為能帶復(fù)合賓語的及物動(dòng)詞,基本句型一SV、二SVA,這兩個(gè)基本句型的共同點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞。 SV句型 They have arrived. SVA句型 The famous writer lived in the 18th century.,比較SV和SVA句型,區(qū)別在于狀語A是不是不可或缺的： 如果沒有狀語句子仍能被理解，這是SV句型。 如果沒有狀語句子不能被理解，這是SVA句型。,基本句型三SVC,這個(gè)句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞。 He is an

9、 excellent teacher.,表語還是賓語？,千萬記?。罕碚Z！,基本句型四、五,這兩個(gè)基本句型的共同點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞均為及物動(dòng)詞。 SVO句型 I love you very much! SVOA句型 I put the bottle on the desk.,SVO 句型與SVOA句型的區(qū)別在于A是否必須存在！,不能缺少！,可以省略！,基本句型六,這個(gè)基本句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞可以接復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。 SVOC句型 I saw him rushing out of the room.,OC可以看作復(fù)合賓語！,基本句型七,這個(gè)基本句型的特點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞可以接雙賓語。 SVoO句型 I gave

10、him the book. I gave the book to him.,辨清直接和間接賓語!,能放在介詞后的賓語為間接賓語！,判斷下列各句句子的基本句型,Mr Black is English. The teacher taught us some grammar rules. The farmer dug up the soil. She found her ring lost. She left her job unfinished.,SVC,SVOo,SVO,SVOC,SVOC,判斷下列各句句子的基本句型,The great poet lived in the 18th century. She introduc