英語名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句 在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語從句在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesnt matter much.W

2、hoever comes here will be welcome.表語從句在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當(dāng)于名詞He asked me which team could win the game.同位語從句放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具體內(nèi)容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again

3、 greatly surprised us.主語從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜歡她不

4、管我的事。What he said is true. 他說的是真的。Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party? 你記得他幾乎是在宴會(huì)快結(jié)束時(shí)才到的嗎？ This partys really where its at, man! 啊，這個(gè)晚會(huì)真棒！Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告訴我們,你們是怎樣提前完成這一艱巨任務(wù)的。We have reason to believe that the fighting on the bord

5、er may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我們有理由相信邊境上的沖突可能發(fā)展成一場(chǎng)全面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。He said that he would come. 他說他要來。Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。表語從句 用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, who

6、ever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在口語中，間或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。At

7、that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼Ｙe語從句(object clauses)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。He said he wanted to go

8、to town. 他說他想去城里。I hope youll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起來。Im so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能設(shè)法抽空出席這個(gè)交際會(huì)，我很高興。I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在報(bào)上讀到的以外,我對(duì)這件事一無所知。Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多數(shù)中國人

9、一般都騎自行車上班。He asked me whether she was coming. 他問我，她來還是不來。同位語從句 用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對(duì)這些名詞進(jìn)行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。It is a fact

10、that smoking is a danger to health. 吸煙危害健康，這是事實(shí)。I have no idea what you mean.我一點(diǎn)兒也不明白你的意思。He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建議我們坐火車去。There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的。一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / as if，連接代詞what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever /

11、 whomever / whichever，連接副詞where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）that的用法。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.賓語從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況

12、中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時(shí)，that不可省略；（B）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，that不能?。唬–）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.tha

13、t從句作主語和賓語時(shí)，可以用it 來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World

14、 Cup.that和what的區(qū)別。that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞 + 關(guān)系代詞即常說的先行詞 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能

15、用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位語從句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定語從句） （2）whether和if的用法。whether和if

16、在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 時(shí)用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引導(dǎo)同

17、位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.間接引語位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語提前時(shí)用whether不用if。如：Thank you, b

18、ut whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（3）疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別。疑問詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑問

19、詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（4）when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定

20、語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致（1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light t

21、ravels at a very high speed.（2）主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果由and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、

22、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A. how B. after C. what D. when解析：答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)

23、詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一成分，故what最合適。2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A. why B. when C. what D. where解析：答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠?？春娇照谷チ??！毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎？”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A. it B.

24、that C. these D. them解析：答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句，所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語it。4. We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when解析：答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識(shí)，figure out為及物動(dòng)詞，故此句為賓語從句，從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語，故選why.6.After Yang L

25、iwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how解析：答案為B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語從句，全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當(dāng)?shù)?，并且主語從句中不定式動(dòng)詞do缺少賓語，故選what1. _they have won the game made us excited.A./ B.That C.What D.Where2. _I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your bu

26、siness.A.If B.WhetherC.Even ifD.When3. _he says in his report is a very interesting question.A.What all B.All what C.What D.What that4. When they will start_not been decided.A.haveB.is C.does D.has5. _certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.A.That is B.This isC.It isD.I

27、t has6. _is unknown to us all.A.Where did she put it B.Where she put itC.That where she put itD.In which she put it7. _nothing to do with us.A.What she did have B.What she did isC.What did he do has D.What she has done has8. The trouble is_we are short of hands.A.whatB.thatC.how D.which9. Energy is_

28、makes things work.A.whatB.everythingC.something D.that10. My hometown is not_it used to_ten years ago.A.when, doB.what, doC.what, be D.when, be11. The reason_I have to go is _my mother is ill in bed.A.why, whyB.why, becauseC.why, that D.that, because12. The thought_he might fail in the exam worried

29、him.A.which B.thatC.whenD.so that13. That is_ I lost my pen.A.whenB.where C.thatD.what14. Have you any idea_?A.how fast does light travelB.how quick light travelsC.how soon light travelsD.how fast light travels15.His suggestion_to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A.that we goB.which

30、 we should go C.that we would goD.we would go16.He was interested in_he had seen at the exhibition.A.which B.thatC.all what D.all that17.He often thinks of_he can do more for his country.A.what B.how C.that D.which18.He made_quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind.A.thisB.thatC.it D.what19.I don

31、t know_.A.what was the matter outsideB.what the matter outside wasC.what was outside the matterD.what was happened outside20.He has come , but I didnt know that he_until yesterday.A.is coming B.will comeC.was coming D.wasnt coming21.He ran back into the room to see if he_anything behind.A.has forgot

32、tenB.had forgottenC.has left D.had left22.They want to know_do to help us.A.what can theyB.what they canC.how they canD.how can they23.Do you know_brighter than the moon?A.why the sun look B.why the sun looksC.why does the sun lookD.why is the sun look24.Can you tell me_the railway station?A.how I c

33、an get toB.where I can get toC.how can I get to D.where can I get to25.These photographs will show you_.A.what does our village look likeB.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like26.Can you make sure_the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.whe