九年級英語語法復(fù)習(xí)(5)人教版(新目標(biāo))知識精講

1、人教版（新目標(biāo)）英語人教版（新目標(biāo)）英語語法復(fù)習(xí)語法復(fù)習(xí) （一）時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本用法（以動詞 do 為例） 類別主動語態(tài) 動詞結(jié)構(gòu) 被動語態(tài) 動詞結(jié)構(gòu) 時間狀語 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 do does done are is am often, sometimes, seldom, always, every day / month, year 1. 表示按計劃，規(guī) 定要發(fā)生的動作： Tomorrow is Sunday. 2. 表示客觀真理和 自然現(xiàn)象：He said the earth turns around the sun. 現(xiàn) 在 進(jìn) 行 時 doing are am is donebe

2、ing are am is now, at present. these days . go/come/arrive/ leave/move/sail/die/do /meet 等動詞的現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時可表示一般將 來時：The train is leaving. / Im coming. 現(xiàn) 在 時 態(tài) 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時 done has have been done has have so far, in the past/last two/few years, recently, lately, twice, for two years, how long, since ago, 1. 瞬

3、間動詞不與 for + 一段時間連用。 2. 瞬間動詞不與 how long 引起的疑問 句連用。 一 般 過 去 時 diddone were was last week/year/month/ spring, a few days ago, in 1998, since 引導(dǎo)的 從句中 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的 動作用 used to do sth. 過 去 進(jìn) 行 時 doing were was being done were was at this time yesterday, from 9：00 to 10：00 yesterday, all the morning, the whol

4、e afternoon. 在描述故事發(fā)生的背 景或者某一時間點(diǎn)和 時間段的動作時，常 用此時態(tài) 過 去 時 態(tài) 過 去 完 成 時 had donehad been done before/after/when/by the time 引導(dǎo)的時間 狀語從句中 其實(shí)質(zhì)是“過去的過 去” ，必須先有“過 去” 將 來 時 態(tài) 一 般 將 來 時 will/shall do going to do are am is will/shall be done going to be done are am is tomorrow, next week, soon, in 2008 在表將來時的時間狀 語

5、從句中，主句用一 般將來時，從句多用 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 考點(diǎn) I 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 一. 動詞的時態(tài) 1. What are Mr. and Mrs. Black doing? （2003 北京）They _ tea in the garden. A. drank B. are drinking C. have drunk D. drink 2. Who _? Theres too much noise. （2003 武漢） A. does sing B. is singing C. sang D. singing 3. Listen! Some of the girls _ about H

6、arry Potter. Lets join them. （2003 北京海淀） A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 4. What did you do last night? （2003 甘肅）I _ TV with my family. A. watches B. watch C. am watching D. watched 5. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will

7、 teach D. had taught 6. They _ some books from the library last week. （2003 長沙） A. lend B. lends C. buy D. borrowed 7. Jack _ his left arm when he was playing basketball. （2003 武漢） A. had hurt B. has hurt C. hurt D. have hurt 8. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago. （2003 山東） A. left

8、 B. has left C. had left D. has been left 9. Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disney world? Hi, Alice. Oh, we _ a good time there. （2003 廣州） A. are having B. have had C. had D. have 10. It _ that they had no change with them at the moment. （2003 重慶） A. seemed B. was seemed C. seem D. is seemed 11. I

9、called you at about half past eight last night, but nobody answered. Oh, I _ in my office at that time. （2001 北京東城） A. will work B. was working C. worked D. had worked 12. The train is leaving right now, but David hasnt arrived yet. Well, he said he _ here on time. （2001 北京東城） A. come B. will be C.

10、would come D. can be 13. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A. had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. cook Keys： BBADB, DCACA, BCA （二） 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 不能使用被動語態(tài)的動詞例句 表示“發(fā)生”的動詞：happen, take place, break out 等 Great changes have taken place in our school. The American Ci

11、vil War broke out in 1861. 表示“狀態(tài)”的動詞：last, cost, belong to, hold （容納）, have, like, wish 等 The water can last us three days at most. 表示感知的系動詞：look, feel, sound, taste, smell 等 Good medicine tastes bitter. Silk feels soft and smooth. 其它一些動詞 Your coat needs/wants/requires washing. My pen writes well. T

12、he cloth washes well. The book sells well/rapidly. 注意：The new book has been sold out. （三） 閱讀指導(dǎo)： 養(yǎng)成良好閱讀習(xí)慣 1. 不借助詞典通讀全文。 2. 按詞組或短句來閱讀，而不要一個詞一個詞的閱讀。 3. 閱讀時，不要心讀或出聲朗讀。 4. 通讀一遍文章后，如果有不認(rèn)識的單詞或詞組，可以參考注釋，也可以查詞典。 把握文章細(xì)節(jié) 一篇文章必須通過許多細(xì)節(jié)來進(jìn)一步揭示和反映主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想. 弄懂這些細(xì)節(jié)， 有助于理解全文，歸納，概括文章的中心思想和正確解題。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)命題的不同要求， 掃讀或細(xì)讀文章，以

13、獲取某些特定信息，找出所需要的細(xì)節(jié)。 猜測詞義 正確理解句子中出現(xiàn)在該生詞前后的詞匯或短語有助于猜測生詞的意義。如果句子意 義很難猜測，可以先理解段落或全文大意。在段落與全文大意的環(huán)境中來理解句子，推測 出生詞的大意。請注意：這里所指的詞義只是單詞的大意，不是準(zhǔn)確含義。只有在閱讀完 之后，在有時間的前提下，才能查閱字典，以掌握該生詞的確切含義。 尋讀 尋讀是查找某特定事實(shí)或信息，而無需閱讀全文的閱讀技巧，與其它閱讀技巧相比， 它更為廣泛的用于日常生活中，此方法對于學(xué)生從書中查閱所需信息極為有效。 總之，尋 讀能使我們快速找到所需信息，把有限的時間更合理利用到相關(guān)內(nèi)容上。 查讀 在閱讀一篇文章時

14、，常常需要為了弄清某一具體問題或某一句話，某一段的意思而一 次或幾次閱讀文章的某一部分。 主題句的重要性 每篇文章都是一個有機(jī)的整體，段落與段落之間有著內(nèi)在的邏輯聯(lián)系。一般來說，文章的 每個段落都有一個句子表達(dá)這個段落的中心思想，這個句子就叫做主題句，其他句子則圍 繞主題句進(jìn)行說明或闡述。整篇文章的主題就是通過這些主題句表現(xiàn)出來的。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，大 約 80%的主題句是段落的首句，其他大約 20%多是尾句，但也有時是中間句。因此我們往 往可以通過閱讀每段的首句或尾句來了解整篇文章的大意。在做閱讀與理解這類練習(xí)時， 我們也可以用很短的時間先瀏覽一下文章各段的首句或尾句，在對整篇文章有個簡要的了 解后再

15、回過頭來仔細(xì)閱讀全文。下面一篇文章各段的首句，你看了以后對文章的概貌是不 是有所了解呢? Oxford Street is Londons main shopping centre. Walk along Oxford Street from Marble Arch to Oxford Circus, and you will pass hundreds of shops. People from all over the world shop in Oxford Street. Look at the crowds. How many of these people are English?

16、 The best-known London store is not in Oxford Street. It is Harrods in Knightsbridge. You can buy anything in Harrodsfrom a pin to an elephant! There are also hundreds of open-air markets in London. They sell all kinds of things： vegetables, clothes, records, furniture. The two best known markets ar

17、e in Petticoat Lane and in Portobello Road. Petticoat Lane market is on the east side of London, near Liverpool Street Station. The market is open on Sundays. You can buy anything there. Some of the things are very cheap. But not many things are both good and cheap! Portobello Road market is in west

18、 London. You can get there by tube. The nearest tube stations are Notting Hill Gate and Ladbroke Grove. The market is very busy on Saturday. You will find old furniture and antiques on many of the stalls in Portobello Road. 主題句概括全段的中心思想或主要內(nèi)容，是段落的核心，它一般出現(xiàn)在段首或在接近 段首的地方。有時是一句話，有時是兩三句話。有時主題句也會在段尾出現(xiàn)，目的在于

19、重 述主題。個別情況下，主題句位于段中，這是段落的意義是按照“次要重要次要”的 順序排列的。說明文，議論文的段落中常見主題句。主題句中往往有關(guān)鍵詞。閱讀時，找 到了主題句和關(guān)鍵詞就掌握了段落的主要信息。 【模擬試題模擬試題】 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 I. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Look, it _ （snow） again. 2. The watch _ （go）. I hear the ticks. 3. He _ （not finish） his homework yet. 4. Jack _ （make） a lot of new friends since he cam

20、e here. 5. Great changes _ （take） place in our hometown in the past twenty years. 6. They _ （watch） TV when I _ （get） home. 7. We _ （write） the composition when suddenly the phone _ （ring）. 8. We _ （laugh） happily now, but at this time yesterday we _（work） hard. 9. I think the train _ （leave） in a f

21、ew minutes. 10. Mother said she _ （go） to see my teacher next week. 11. Do you know where he _ （live） now? 12. Be quite! The child _ （sleep）. 13. By the end of the match, he _ （kick） four goals. 14. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we _ （visit） the Great Wall. 15. Miss Gao _ （study） English on the radio

22、every morning. II. 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. He will do better in English if he _ harder. A. will work B. works C. working D. work 2. Since he came here last year, we _ happy. A. are B. have been C. had been D. were 3. These books _ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. had kept C. have been kept D. were k

23、ept 4. Her grandparents _ for ten years. A. died B. have died C. were dead D. have been dead 5. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _ around the sun. A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves 6. Oh, its you. Im sorry I _ know you _ here. A. dont; are B. didnt; are C. didnt; wer

24、e D. dont; were 7. What _ you do if you saw an accident? A. will B. would C. will please D. would please 8. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began 9. How long _ your father _ the Party? For more than twenty years. A. has; joined B. did; join C. has; b

25、een in D. does; join 10. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit 11. The letter _ in Japanese. Can you read it to me?With pleasure. A. writes B. wrote C. is writing D. is written 12. In so

26、me parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 13. Did you win the basketball game?Bad luck. Our team _ in the final. A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beaten 14. It is said that about 400 cars _ in the factory next month. A. were produced B. will pro

27、duce C. are produced D. will be produced 15. I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help with the harvest on the farm. A. asked B. was asked C. was asking D. had asked 16. Where are the boys?Oh, they _ basketball on the playground just now. A. were seen play B. were seen to play C. have seen to play D. h

28、ave seen play 17. Can you sing this English song? Of course I can. It _ often _ by children. A. is; sang B. will; sing C. was; sang D. is; sung 18. What did Miss Zhang say to you just now? She said that all the books should _ to the library on time. A. are returned B. return C. be returned D. be ret

29、urning 19. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _. A. must be taken care B. must take care of C. must be looked after D. must look after 20. A football match _ in our school next Monday. A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold C. holds 21. A： Do you still play basketball? B：

30、 Oh, no, I _ it for the past two years. A. havent played B. have played C. didnt play D. played 22. Have they got used _ in China? A. live B. to live C. to living D. lives 23. The house is dirty. We _ it for weeks. A. didnt clean B. hadnt cleaned C. dont clean D. havent cleaned 24. My dictionary _ I

31、 have looked for it everywhere but still _ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. had lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found 25. A： Im sorry to keep you waiting. B： Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 26. You dont need to de

32、scribe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 27. A： _ the sports meet might be put off. B： Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 28. A： Did you see Xiao Li at the party? B： No, _ by the time I arrived. A. shed left B. shes l

33、eft C. she was left D. she must leave 29. They have been in the library since _. A. a long time B. it had been open C. eight oclock D. two hours 30. I still dont know what _ while I was away from home. A. had happened B. was happened C. has happened D. happened 31. My parents are upset because they

34、_ since they got home. A. argued B. were arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing 32. The boys _. That is why their hair is wet. A. have swimmed B. have been swimmed C. have been swimming D. swim 33. How long _ English? Your English is good. I dont think you need lessons. A. did you study B. are

35、you studying C. have you studied D. have you been studying 34. Look! The fans _ for the movie star for about three hours but she _ yet. A. are waiting, didnt arrive B. have waited, hasnt arrived C. have been waiting, havent been arriving D. have been waiting, hasnt arrived 35. My mother _ our clothe

36、s now. She _ since this morning. A. is ironing, has ironed B. is ironing, has been ironing C. has ironed, has ironed D. was ironing, had been ironing III. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1. When I arrived, the supper _（already begin）. 2. They _ （not catch） the thief yet. 3. By the time he came, I _ （complete） the wor

37、k. 4. I _ （not see） him lately. 5. I _ （listen） to the radio since this morning. 6. I _ （lost） the pen which I _ （buy） the day before. 7. By next Sunday she _ （stay） with us for three weeks. 8. I felt much better after I _ （take） the medicine. 9. Hell go out when he _ （do） with this book. 10. Im tir

38、ed of rain. It _ （rain） since last Sunday. IV. 短文閱讀 （A） Ever since I was a child, my mouth has caused （引起） me trouble. Im not a bad person, I have just had a hard time learning when to keep my mouth closed. My mom has told me again and again, “Robert, your constant （不斷的） bad words are hurting me. If

39、 you continue to be this rude （粗魯）, you will get into big trouble.” Its been a problem at school several times too when teachers have told me something I didnt want to hear. I used to feel it was my duty to stand up for myself and tell them off. One day in English class I began working on my homewor

40、k until I heard a classmate talking behind me. It was Nathaniel, talking to himself as usual. I said ever so nicely, “Nathaniel, would you be quiet?” Nathaniel continued talking to himself. I quickly shouted “Nathaniel, shut up!” For the next five minutes, we threw hurtful words back and forth at ea

41、ch other. “At least I dont have an ugly （unpleasant to look at） lazy eye like you!” I shouted. I knew this would bother him deep inside. It would hurt his feelings and shut him up. What I said filled him with anger. He tried to reach over my seat and grab（抓?。?me as he shouted, “Thats it! Thats it!”

42、Surprised at his reaction, I sat back in my seat. Never had I seen Nathaniel act like this before. Later on, we were taken to principals （校長） office. There, principal told us to discuss the matter. It wasnt until then that I finally found that when I hurt someone physically, the wounds （傷口）eventuall

43、y heal （become health again）. But when I hurt them with my words, sometimes the pain （痛苦） never goes away. At the end of the discussion, I said sorry to Nathaniel. When I headed back to my room, I spent some time praying （祈禱）. I began to think about how often what I said hurt others. But I believe t

44、hat as I keep praying and asking God to help me and hell tell me when to keep my mouth closed. 1. When Robert was a child, it was difficult for him to _. （ ） A. keep his mouth full B. say good words to others C. pass his exams D. help others again and again 2. The underlined word “them” means Robert

45、s _. （ ） A. parents B. friends C. teachers D. classmates 3. Which of the following is TRUE? （ ） A. Roberts hurtful words hurt Nathaniels feelings. B. Nathaniel never talked to himself in class. C. Robert felt sorry for talking too much in class. D. Nathaniel said sorry to Robert for hurting him. 4.

46、In this passage the writer tries to tell us that _. （ ） A. when you hurt someone physically, the pain never goes away B. we should try to understand and help each other in class C. we should keep praying and asking God to help us D. words cause more pain than violence （B） Scientists find that hard-w

47、orking famous people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer heath than the job-holders. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness and solitude. Studies show that p

48、eople feel unhappy, worried and solitary when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Many high achievers who love their work feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves a bridge between man and reality （現(xiàn)實(shí)）. By work, people come into contact wi

49、th each other. By collecting activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status （價值和地位） in society. When a writer finishes his writing