常見英漢對照有機基名表

1、.常見英漢對照有機基名表acetamido CH3CONH 乙酰氨基 acetenyl = ethynyl CHC 乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO 乙酰乙?；?氧丁?；鵤cetonyl CH3COCH2 丙酮基；乙酰甲基 acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亞丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO 乙酸基；乙酰氧基 acetyl CH3CO 乙酰（基）acetylene CHCH 乙炔 =CHCH= 雙亞乙基 acryloyl CH2=CHCO 丙烯酰alkoxy RO （R=烷基或烴基）烷氧基 allyl CH2=CHCH2 烯丙基;allyl = isoprop

2、enyl CH2=C(CH3) ;烯丙基；異丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亞烯丙基 allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O 烯丙氧基amido H2N 嚴格說來此項英文名只能用來表示?；系陌被怯⑽某Ｅcamino混用氨基amino H2N氨基 amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4戊基tert-amyl = 1,1;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2 特戊基azido N3 疊氮基 azo N=N 偶氮基azoxy N(O)N 氧化偶氮基 benzal = benzylidene 苯亞甲基benzamido C6H5CONH 苯甲酰氨基be

3、nzenesulfinyl（參閱phenyleulfinyl）C6H5SO 苯亞磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH 苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2 苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亞甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基；氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO 苯甲酰benzoylene C6H5CO（o、m或p）亞苯甲?；ㄠ彙㈤g或?qū)Γ゜e

4、nzoyloxy C6H5COO 苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2 芐基；苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亞甲基benzylidyne C6H5C 次芐基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O芐氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S芐硫基；苯甲硫基biphenylene C6H4C6H4 亞聯(lián)苯基biphenylenebisazo N=NC6H4C6H4N=N 聯(lián)苯重氮亞基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO 聯(lián)苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O 聯(lián)苯氧基bromo Br 溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH

5、丁間二烯基；1，3丁二烯基1butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH 丁烯基；1丁烯基2butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2 丁鄰烯基；2丁烯基3butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2 丁間烯基；3丁烯基2butenyleneCH2CH=CHCH2 1，4亞丁2烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亞丁2烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC 次丁2烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O 丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O 仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O 叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2 丁基sec-buty

6、l C2H5CH(CH3) 仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C 叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO 丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO 氨（基）甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基；甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基；碳酰carboxy HOOC 羧基chloro Cl 氯代；氯基chloroformyl ClCO 氯甲酰；氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnam

7、yl C6H5CH=CHCH2 肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基（鄰、間或?qū)Γヽresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基（鄰、間或?qū)Γヽrotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆?；鵦yano NC 氰基cyclobutyl C4H7 環(huán)丁基cycloheptyl C7H13 環(huán)庚基2,4cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH 2，4-環(huán)己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9 （3種異構(gòu)物）環(huán)己（鄰、間、對）烯基cyclohexyl C6H11 環(huán)己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5 環(huán)戊二烯基cyclope

8、ntenyl C5H7 環(huán)戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9 環(huán)戊基cyclopropyl C3H5 環(huán)丙基cystyl COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO 胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO 癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2 癸基diazo N=N 或 N=N= 重氮基diazoamino N=NNH 重氮亞氨基diazonium (NN) 重氮（化）dimethylamino (CH3)2N 二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH 二苯甲基dithio SS 二硫代dodecyl CH3(CH2)10CH2 十二（烷）基dotri

9、acontyl CH3(CH2)30CH2 三十二（烷）基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2 二十烷基epithio S 環(huán)硫；表硫；橋硫基聯(lián)在已與其它原子依別種方法相聯(lián)結(jié)的兩個原子上epoxy O 環(huán)氧；表氧；橋氧基聯(lián)在已與其它原子依別種方法相聯(lián)結(jié)的兩個原子上ethene=ethylene 乙烯 1，2-亞乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O 乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC 乙酯基；乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4 乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2 乙基ethylamino C2H5NH 乙胺

10、基ethylene CH2CH2乙烯 1，2-乙基ethylenedioxy OCH2CH2O 亞乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亞乙基ethylidyne CH3C 次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S 乙硫基ethynyl CHC 乙炔基fluoto F 氟代formamido OHCNH 甲酰胺基formyl OHC 甲酰fomryloxy HCOO 甲酸基；甲酰氧基fumaryl COCH=CHCO 富馬酰；（反式）丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3 呋喃基兩種異構(gòu)物geranyl C10H17 牦牛兒基glucosvl C6H11O5 葡（萄）糖基glyceryl CH2

11、CHCH2 甘油基；丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一（烷）基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2 二十一（烷）基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2 三十一（烷）基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2 二十七（烷）基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO 十七（烷）酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2 十七（烷）基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2 庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2 庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2 六

12、十（烷）基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2 二十六（烷）基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO 十六（烷）酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2 十六（烷）基hexamethylene CH2(CH2)4CH2 六亞甲基；1.6-亞己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO 己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2 己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亞己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO 組氨酰hydrazino H2NNH 肼基；聯(lián)氨基hydrazo NHNH 1，2-亞肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亞肼基

13、；亞聯(lián)氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羥氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO 羥基hydroxyamino HONH 羥氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2 羥甲基-idene 亞加于任何一個基名之前，表示在聯(lián)結(jié)處為雙鍵iodo I 碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 異戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 異丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O 異丁氧基原名 作取代基 作官能團烷烴：hydrocarbon alkyl烯烴：alkenes alkenyl

14、炔烴：alkynes alkynyl鹵代烴：alkyl halides氟：fluorine fluoro氯：chlorine chloro溴：bromine bromo碘：iodine iodo酚：pehnols hydroxy -ol醇：alcohols hydroxy -ol醚：ethers R-oxy -ether胺：amines amino -amine醛：aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮：ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羥酸：carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含

15、碳)-oicacid(不含碳)酰鹵：actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐：acidanhydrogrides酯：esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈：nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺：amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基：nitro烷 烯 炔甲：methane methene methyne乙：ethane ethene ethyne丙：propane propene propyne丁：butane butene butyne戊：pentane pentene pentyne己：hexane hexene hexyne庚：heptane heptene heptyne辛：octane octene octyne壬：nonane nonene nonyne癸：decane decene decyne作取代基時：詞尾改為-yl.連苯：biphenyl萘：naphthalene聯(lián)萘：binaphthalene蒽：anthrancene菲：phenanthrene芘：pyre