名詞性從句 (2)

1、考點1 主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether；連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1連接詞that，whether引導(dǎo)That the college will take in more new students this year is true今年這所大學(xué)將招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按時完成任務(wù)非常重要。特別提示(1)if不能引導(dǎo)

2、主語從句。(2)形式主語it替代主語從句。常見的it替代主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：AIt+系動詞+形容詞+that從句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。BIt+系動詞+名詞+that從句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的方向發(fā)展。CIt+be+ved形式+that從句。如：It is announced that the plan has been succ

3、essfully carried out據(jù)宣布計劃已經(jīng)順利實施。2連接代詞引導(dǎo)What we cant get seems better than what we already have我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。who the letter was from is still unknown這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你們當(dāng)中第一個到達(dá)這里的人將獲得獎項。3連接副詞引導(dǎo)How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear針灸是如

4、何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個謎。考點2 賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether，if等，連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1連接詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo)I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。I dont know

5、 if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。特別提示whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。(1)與or not緊接連用時。如：Let me know whether or not you can come請讓我知道你是否能來。(2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我們對你是否參加會議感興趣。2連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞有

6、what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞有when，where，why，how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她問我班上誰的書法最好。I11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就說什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奧運會是什么時間開始的嗎?Ive been thinking about how we can make the

7、newspaper more interesting我一直在考慮如何使我們的報紙更用趣。3賓語從句的語序在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他問我第二天什么時候可以出發(fā)。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎?4賓語從句的時態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時)she

8、says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時)(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時態(tài)。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他

9、說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時)(3)當(dāng)賓語從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，其時態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他說光比聲音傳播得快。特別提示在使用賓語從句時需要注意下

10、面幾點：(1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天寫日記成了慣例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為”的動詞或動詞短

11、語和see to表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral啟動發(fā)動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。We are

12、 talking about whether we admit students into our club我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。(4)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不認(rèn)識你。I dont believe he will come我相信他不回來?？键c3、表語從句常由連接詞that，whether；連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what

13、，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；連接副詞when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)。1連接詞引導(dǎo)The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us問題還是他們能否幫我們。2連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)The problem is who will take charge of this shop問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。That is when I real

14、ized the importance of journalism那時我才意識到新聞工作的重要性。特別提示(1)as/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door聽上去好像有人在敲門。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word當(dāng)時我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?2)當(dāng)主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般由th

15、at引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他來得晚是因為起床晚了?？键c4 同位語從句同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：They expressed the hop

16、e that we would go and visit Shanghai again他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。2同位語從句還可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引導(dǎo)。如：The student asked me the question whether the book Was wor

17、th reading學(xué)生問了我這個問題：這本書是否值得一讀。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道當(dāng)時他激動的原因。 考點5 名詞性從句需要注意的事項1that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句中有時可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點：(1)當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了來自同一個國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞后接

18、兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況也會得到改善。2that與what的區(qū)別。that在從句中不能夠充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他會康復(fù)的希望沒有消失。(that不充當(dāng)成分，也無含義)Wht he said proved to be true他所說的話證明是正確的。(what作said的賓語，可以翻譯為“的話”)3定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制；而同位語從句是對從句前面的抽象名詞作進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋。如：The news that our team has won the game Was true我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句，補充說明news到底是一個什么消息)Th