Cohesion and Coherence銜接與連貫

1、cohesion and coherence 銜接與連貫,cohesion and coherence銜接與連貫,what is cohesion ? types of the cohesion what is the coherence ? relationships between cohesion and coherence 天凈沙秋思分析,語篇的銜接手段,語篇就好比是一棵大樹 一個條理清晰，上下連貫（語篇特征）的整體，那么語篇是靠什么形成的呢？ 靠銜接手段,what is cohesion,cohesion is a semantic concept, it refers to rel

2、ations of meaning that exist within the text.(halliday theyd been checked. yet the total came out wrong. (adversative) we may not be able to set up permanent decisions. therefore, it seems to me that we must take, so far as we can, so far as we can, a picture of the world into our minds. （casual） th

3、e first man landed on the moon. at the same moment, a young boy died in alabama. (temporal,英語邏輯關(guān)系表示法,1. 先后或列舉：first, second; for one thingfor another; in addition/ besides等。 2. 因果： as a result/thus/sobecause/等。 3.特例或舉例：in particular; for example; that is 等。 4.轉(zhuǎn)折： but/however/yet/nevertheless; on the

4、 other hand等。 5.引出結(jié)論：in conclusion/finally等。 6. 表示頻率：frequently/often; occasionally等。 7. 表示階段：during; briefly; for a long time; for many years等。 8. 表某一時刻： last sunday; in 2005; at six oclock; two months ago等。 9. 表示開端：in the beginning; before then等。 10. 表示其間：in the meantime/ at the same time等。 11. 表示

5、結(jié)束：eventually/ finally/ at last/ in the end 等,四、lexical cohesion詞匯銜接,由詞匯的重復(fù)，及其之間的語義關(guān)系所建立起來的銜接關(guān) 系，包括重現(xiàn)、同義、反義、上下義、整體部分義，以同 一語義場的詞匯搭配所建立起來的銜接關(guān)系。 1、the young man does not like bears, so yesterday in the park he gave the bear some poisonous food to eat. 2、to err is human; to forgive divine 3、 and sings a

6、 solitary song, that whistles in the wind. bearbears: 重現(xiàn) errforgive: 反義 singwhistle: 搭配,表1：銜接在英語描述中的地位( halliday & hasan , 1976,coherence,what is coherence? coherence in linguistics is what makes a text semantically meaningful. it is especially dealt with in text linguistics,concepts of coherence,te

7、xt vs. discourse texture the notion of coherence,the term text is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does from a unified whole. it may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a momentary cry for help to an all-day discussion on a

8、committee. (halliday and hasan,1976) some (coulthart) think that text only refers to written language, not including spoken. leech employs the term discourse to refer to communicative language,text vs. discourse,texture,a semantically coherent text must have texture. texture distinguishes text and n

9、on-text. a: how old is your son? b: he is seven. a: how old is your son? b: she is playing in the garden. (2) is semantically incoherent, she has no referent,the notion of coherence,we should first realize what coherence intuitively means for language users. (normal, understandable) coherence may al

10、so be taken as predicted not of a sentence, but of pairs, triplesof sentences or of fragments or the whole of a discourse. coherence may also be predicted of a sentence relative to the whole,e.g,claire and kent climbed mt. mckinley last summer. she photographed the peak, and he surveyed it,cohesion and coherence,天凈沙 秋思馬致遠,枯藤老樹昏鴉， 小橋流水人家， 古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。 夕陽西下， 斷腸人在天涯,天凈沙秋思,天凈沙秋思 馬致遠,劃分節(jié)奏,枯藤老樹昏鴉， 小橋流水人家， 古