fallacy 謬誤

1、logic,logic,love is a fallacy,fallacy,logic,logic,love is a fallacy,fallacy,simple conception fallacies in our text several other common fallacies,simple conception,in logic and rhetoric, a fallacy is incorrect reasoning in argumentation resulting in a misconception. defects in an argument, which ca

2、use an argument to be unsound or weak,logic,logic,love is a fallacy,fallacy,dicto simpliciter 絕對判斷 hasty generalization 草率結(jié)論(輕率歸納) post hoc 牽強附會(并非因果 ) contradictory premises 矛盾前提 ad misericordiam 文不對題 false analogy 錯誤類比 hypothesis contrary to fact 與事實相反的假設(shè)（假設(shè)非事實 ） poisoning the well 井下下毒,dicto simp

3、liciter,a latin phrase definition: the fallacy of accident is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular case in which some special circumstances (“accident”) makes the rule inapplicable. examples: (i) exercise is good. therefore everybody should exercise. (ii) watching tel

4、evision is a waste of time,1,絕對判斷,hasty generalization,definition: the size of the sample is too small to support the conclusion. example: fred, the australian, stole my wallet. thus, all australians are thieves. (of course, we shouldnt judge all australians on the basis of one example.),2,草率結(jié)論,post

5、 hoc,a latin phrase definition: a fallacy in logic of thinking that a happening which follows another must be its result. example: immigration to alberta from ontario increased. soon after, the welfare rolls increased. therefore, the increased immigration caused the increased welfare rolls,3,牽強附會,co

6、ntradictory premises,definition: the conclusion is contradictory to the premise. example: he decided to give up all his decisions,4,矛盾前提,ad misericordiam,a latin phrase means to pity definition: the reader is told to agree to the proposition because of the pitiful state of the author. example: we ho

7、pe youll accept our recommendations. we spent the last three months working extra time on it,5,文不對題,false analogy,definition: in an analogy, two objects (or events), a and b are shown to be similar. then it is argued that since a has property p, so also b must have property p. an analogy fails when

8、the two objects, a and b, are different in a way which affects whether they both have property p. example： young children are like flowers-flowers should stay away from terrible weather to grow, so children need to get rid of everything negative. a has x and y，and b has as x, so b must also have as

9、y,6,錯誤類比,logic,logic,love is a fallacy,comparison,false analogy 錯誤類比，就是由一個性質(zhì)的東西推到另外一個不相同性質(zhì)的東西。 hasty generalization 錯誤推廣(草率結(jié)論）,就是由小范圍推到大范圍,hypothesis contrary to fact,examples: if tv were not invented, today people would never have such wonderful entertainment brought by tv,7,與事實相反的假設(shè),if i had studi

10、ed harder, i would definitely have passed that test,poisoning the well,this sort of reasoning involves trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or false) about the person. this argument has the following form: (i) unfavorable information (

11、be it true or false) about person a is presented. (ii) therefore any claims person a makes will be false,8,井下下毒,logic,logic,love is a fallacy,several other common fallacies,無關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)移 (red herring) 例如：many people say we need to exploit the outer space, a point which i believe is wrong, because there are so many poor people on earth who hardly make ends meet. 點評：有一個問題沒解決并不代表著另一個問題不值得解決。 從眾錯誤 (bandwagon) 例如：everyone says it is justified to learn a second language