外科學(xué)緒論IntroductionofSurgery上課

1、外科學(xué)緒論Introduction of Surgery,一、現(xiàn)代外科學(xué)的發(fā)展 Development of Modern Surgery,解剖學(xué) Anatomy,John Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher,麻醉 Anesthesia,Willam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on Octobe

2、r 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery,3. 抗菌術(shù) Antisepsis,Joseph Lister (1827-1912), the originator of antiseptic surgery,輸血 Blood transfusion,Richard Lewisohn (1875-1961), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern technique of bl

3、ood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body,Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood gro

4、ups, A, B, and O,Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909,Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was on

5、e of the most influential teachers of his time,Innovators & Pioneers in Surgery,John H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation,Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, a

6、nd blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912,傅培彬 (1912-1989), 瑞金醫(yī)院外科創(chuàng)始人,1954 二尖瓣分離 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis 1958 大面積灼傷 Severe Burn 1963 斷肢再植 Replantation of cut limb 1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心臟移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation 1990s-

7、二醫(yī)外科全面發(fā)展 灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科 Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary 口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科 Stomatological S. Plastic S. Pediatric Cardio S,The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China,二、外科學(xué)范疇Category of Surgery,外科疾病分類(lèi) Classification of Surgical Diseases 1) 損傷 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electric

8、al 2) 感染 Infection 3) 腫瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant 4) 畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired,5) 內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào) Metabolic & Hormonal disorder 6) 梗塞與缺血 Infarction & Ischamia 7) 其它 Others 梗阻Obstruction 寄生蟲(chóng)病Parasite diseases 靜脈曲張Vein varicose,2. 外科專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)展 Development of Surgical Specialties,工作對(duì)象和性質(zhì) 實(shí)驗(yàn)

9、外科 Eexperimental Surgery 臨床外科 Clinical Surgery,2) 人體解剖系統(tǒng) 骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery 頜面外科Dentofacial surgery 心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery 泌尿外科Urologic surgery 神經(jīng)外科Neurosurgery 普通外科General surgery (腹部外科) Abdominal surgery,3) 性病性質(zhì) 腫瘤外科Neoplastic surgery 急癥外科Emergency surgery 創(chuàng)傷外科Trauma surgery 燒傷外科Burn s

10、urgery 4) 手術(shù)方式 整復(fù)外科Plastic surgery 顯微外科Microsurgery 移植外科Transplantation 微創(chuàng)外科Minimally invasive surgery,5) 年齡 小兒外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科Adult Surgery 6) 專(zhuān)業(yè) 婦科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科Ophthalmology,3. 外科總論與各論 General Surgery & Special Surgery,外科學(xué)總論 General Surgery 各臨床外科共同的專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ) 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)與臨床外科學(xué)的橋梁 外科學(xué)

11、各論Special Surgery 論述各系統(tǒng)、各臟器 外科疾病的病因、病理、診斷與治療,外科分子生物學(xué) Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫學(xué) Surgical immunology 無(wú)菌術(shù) Aseptic technique 外科水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 輸血 Blood transfusion,外科休克Surgical shock 外科營(yíng)養(yǎng)Surgical nutrition 多器官功能障礙綜合征 Multiple organ dysfunction syn

12、drome, MODS 麻醉Anesthesia 外科重癥監(jiān)測(cè)治療 Surgical intensive care,心肺腦復(fù)蘇 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 疼痛治療 Pain management & Analgesia 圍手術(shù)期處理 Paraoperative management 門(mén)診外科Outpatient surgery 外科感染Surgical infection 腫瘤Neoplasma,創(chuàng)傷Trauma 燒傷與冷傷Burns & Cold injury 顯微外科Microsurgery 器官移植Organ transplantation

13、組織工程Tissue engineering 腔鏡外科Laparoscopic & thorascopic surgery 內(nèi)鏡外科Endoscopic surgery 外科介入治療Surgical intervention treatment,三、如何學(xué)習(xí)外科How to learn surgery,外科醫(yī)師的職業(yè)道德 Moral Character 理論聯(lián)系實(shí)踐Theory and Practice 外科基礎(chǔ)Basic theory Basic knowledge Basic technique,Spunk of tiger 膽大,形象化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demands,Eyes of eagle 眼明,Hands of women 手巧,Heart of mother 心細(xì),學(xué) 問(wèn) - Learn to find questions - Learn