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1、名詞、代詞1、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧(一) 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)(1) 可數(shù)名詞 一般是個(gè)體名詞,如a boy(一個(gè)男孩),集體名詞a family(一個(gè)家庭),可數(shù)名詞在句子中必須有頭或是有尾,頭就是a,one,an或物主代詞;尾就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式: 情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/,濁輔音或原音后讀/z/bookbookskeykeys以o結(jié)尾的表示有生命的名詞加-es讀/z/tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的名詞加-es讀/iz/busbuseswatchwatchesboxboxes以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等

2、結(jié)尾的名詞加-s讀/iz/casecasesorangeoranges以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i,再加-es讀/z/familyfamiliespartyparties以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為v,再加-es讀/z/knifeknivesleafleaves 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式:變內(nèi)部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men詞尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen單復(fù)數(shù)同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式:1)集體名詞:集體名詞

3、不能運(yùn)用具體的數(shù)字修飾,下面的集體名詞,不能用a,one,two等修飾,只能在其前加the表示“全體”。the police警察(指全體警察) the English英國人(指全體英國人)the French法國人(指全體法國人) 2)復(fù)合名詞a woman teacherwomen teachers女教師 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英國男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law內(nèi)兄、內(nèi)弟、小叔、大伯(2) 不可數(shù)名詞 專有名詞:NBA全美籃球協(xié)會 Michael Jackson 邁克杰克遜 the Wes

4、t Lake西湖物質(zhì)名詞:液體:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉類:beef chicken mutton pork天氣:weather rain snow wind light 光其他:news(新聞,消息) bread(面包)抽象名詞:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress進(jìn)步【注意】有些不可數(shù)的物質(zhì)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表達(dá)不同意義。tea different kinds of teas 不同種類的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各種各樣的食品fruit 水果 all ki

5、nds of fruits 各種各樣的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一個(gè)玻璃杯 glasses 眼鏡、玻璃杯【名詞的格】1)表示有生命的東西的名詞所有格。一般在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s。如:Toms chair; the childrens bedroom以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加“”。如:the students reading room并列名詞 表示各自所屬時(shí),在兩個(gè)名詞之后都加s;w表示共同所屬時(shí)。在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s。如:Tom and Mikes father 湯姆和邁克的父親(倆人共有的父親) Toms and Mikes fathers 湯姆的父親和邁克的父親(倆人各自的父親

6、)表示店鋪,某人的家,私人開的診所、餐館等,其所有格后的名詞(如shop等)可以省略。如: at Toms 在湯姆家里 at the tailors在裁縫店 at a chemists在藥店 2)表示無生命的東西的名詞的所有格,常常用“of+名詞”的形式。如:the covers of the book(s)書的封面 a photo of my family一張我家的全家福注意:表示有生命東西的名詞,如果名詞較長或名詞的定語較長也可用“of+名詞”的形式。如:the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun the founding of the Peoples

7、 Republic of China 中華人民共和國的成立表示時(shí)間、距離、集體、城市、國家、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)及某些慣用語中的名詞,可用s。如:yesterdays newspaper昨天的報(bào)紙 five minutes drive開車五分鐘的路程of短語所表示的是修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容或材料。如: a map of the world 世界地圖 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些習(xí)慣用法中of短語不能替換s結(jié)構(gòu)。如: teachers office 教師辦公室 childrens book 兒童讀物(二) 代詞:英語中代詞有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞。人

8、稱代詞:人 稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)主 格賓 格主 格賓 格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem通 稱oneones物主代詞:人 稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱mymineourours第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通 稱ones反身代詞:人 稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves通 稱oneself

9、不定代詞:常見的有some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each, other,another,much,many,few,little,one等指示代詞:this,that,these,thoseWhowhomwhosewhichwhat誰(主格) 誰(賓格)誰的哪個(gè),哪些什么疑問代詞:2、 典型例題( )1. How many _ were lost in the fire!Alife Blives Clifes( )2. We will have a _ holiday, What about going to West Lake?Atwo dayBt

10、wo-day Ctwo-daysDtwo days( )3. I have _ to do this evening.Aa lot of works Bmany work Ca lot of workDsome works( )4.There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts( )5.My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad f

11、or him Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice( )6.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers ( )7. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )8 exciting news! We will have l

12、ong holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )9. Miss Brown will teach _ English next term. A. us B. we C. our D. ours( )10._ are League members. A. He and me B. I and he C. He and I D. Me and he( )11.We are in a hurry, so we cant look after _. A. they B. their C

13、. theirs D. them( )12.“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isnt it one of _?” A. ours B. ours C. ours D. our( )13. Would you please give _? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him( )14. She always thinks of _ more than _. A others, her B the others, she C others, herself D the others, her

14、self( )15. -Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?- _. I like a light blue one.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither三、課后練習(xí)( )1-How far is your cousins home from here? -Its about two _ drive.A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour( )2- Good morning, madam. Can I help you? -Sure, Id lik

15、e _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil( )3-Would you like some drinks, boys? -Yes, _ , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola( )4-Look! Do you know _man under the tree? -Sorry .Its too far to see _cle

16、arly.A. this; himB. that; hisC. this; herD. that; him( )5-Which of the caps will you take? -Ill take _,one for my father ,the other for my brother.A. neitherB. bothC. all( )6-Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? -_.I cleaned it all by myself.A. SomebodyB. NobodyC. Everybody( )7-Excuse me .I

17、 want to buy some stamps. Where can I find a post office? -I know _not far from here. You can easily find _.A. that; itB. it; oneC. one; it( )8_of the hats suited him, so Jack had to try on the third one.A. NeitherB. EitherC. Both( )9-Have you got _ready for the sports meeting? -Not yet. We still ha

18、ve _to do.A. anything; nothingB. something; everythingC. everything; something( )10. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. it D. them( )11. -Linda, help _ to some fruits. -Thank you!A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves ( )12. She is a student and _ name is Kat

19、e.A. she B. her C. hers( )13This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _ new words in it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few( )14. Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers ( )1

20、5 .He had something to write down and asked me for_, A. a paper B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper( )16. The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask, A. problem; questions B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question ( )17. - Can I just have a try? -Sure. It doe

21、snt if you give a wrong answer. A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care ( )18. - Could you move over a little and make some_ for me? - Sure. Please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground ( )19. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of cof

22、fee D. Two cup of coffees ( )20. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks ( )21. Id like something to read. Would you please pass me the _? A.pen B. box C. ruler D. book ( )22. September 10th is _. A. Womens Day B. Childrens Day C.

23、Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers Day ( )23. -How do you get home from _? By bus? -No, I walk. _ isnt very far. A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. the school, School D. school, School 24. She began to learn French all by herself last year. She began to _ _ (自學(xué)) French last year.25. This is

24、not my pencil-box. _(I)is in the bag.26. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _(he)?27. Did you enjoy _ (you),Mary and Kate?28.The hunter was very smart and brave. When two _ (狼) came, he wasnt afraid at all. 典型例題答案1答案:B此題考查名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)問題,根據(jù)問題中的動詞were得知此題應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,而life這個(gè)名詞屬于以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞,改f,fe為ve再

25、加s,注意這里的lives讀laivz。2答案:B此題考查復(fù)合名詞作定語,復(fù)合名詞作定語時(shí),通常不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,中間用連字符號。當(dāng)然如果不用連字符號也可以用名詞的所有格形式,此題的命題陷阱在選項(xiàng)D上,選項(xiàng)D two days,如果是two days就可以選用,同學(xué)們一定要注意所有格符號的位置。3答案:C此題主要考查work這個(gè)詞的用法,work當(dāng)“工作”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞(當(dāng)然當(dāng)作著作講時(shí)是可以加s的),所以A選項(xiàng)不能選用;B選項(xiàng)many不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也不能選用;D選項(xiàng),work加了s,也不能選用,只能用C選項(xiàng)。a lot of可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞,此題中文“今天晚上我有許

26、多工作要做”。4答案A。解析 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是以s結(jié)尾的名詞,其中A為不可數(shù)名詞,B、C、D為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,句中用了連系動詞is,5答案B。解析下文說制作蔬菜沙拉,故選蔬菜類的tomatoes。6答案 D。 解析可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在原形后加“s”。根據(jù)school concert可知,需要挑選的是singers。7答案 B。 解析news為不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不能用a/an來修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。8答案 B。 解析news為不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不能用a/an

27、來修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。9答案:B分析: teach 是及物動詞后面帶賓語,因此應(yīng)該用代詞的賓格。10答案:C分析:從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看空格處應(yīng)填主語所以要填主格,按英語的習(xí)慣在并列主語中,I總是放在最后。11答案:D分析:look after 是一個(gè)短語動詞,其中的after是介詞,需要接賓格形式。另外,我們也可以把look after看作是一個(gè)及物動詞,其后面也應(yīng)該接賓格形式。12答案:C分析:在“one of + ?”結(jié)構(gòu)中要用名詞性物主代詞,根據(jù)前文,

28、它相當(dāng)于“a bike of ours”。13 D分析:英語中,當(dāng)直接賓語(人)與間接賓語(物)都用人稱代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(物)后講直接賓語(人),而且要在直接賓語(人)前加上介詞“to”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“”。14 C”分析:在英語中,“別人”屬于“泛指”,應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語。由于這里的“她”與主語的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語,要用反身代詞作賓語才對。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“。15“C”分析:在英語中,“一些,另一些”有兩種譯法:“Some , the others ”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況,而“Some , other

29、s ”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息,而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”,顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選。16 C分析:英語中,“too to”意為“太而不能”,具有否定的含義。因此,“for sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對。17 D分析:帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前,應(yīng)該用代詞詞組:“some of”(意為“其中一些”)、“much of”(意為“其中許多”)、“most of”(意為“其中大多數(shù)”)等。“the most of”(意為“其中最多的”)在本句中的譯法欠妥,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:。18 D分析:意為“兩者都不”、“no

30、ne”或“no one”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意,答句應(yīng)該是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”, 19:B分析:在英語中,“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種:“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室,“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)該是“確指”的,因此,必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”,因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。 20 B分析:要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對象具有對稱性:這句是“the dishes

31、 on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比較,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?!皌hat”與“those”是比較級句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對象是復(fù)數(shù),因此,要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:21 D分析:要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比較級句型中,習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:22 B分析:take sth with sb意思是“隨身帶”,指代很明確,不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。但是,后半句如果用her,則可能理解為她與別人談話,與第二句的意思不符。此時(shí)只能用反身代詞herself表示“自言自語”。答案: 23答案:D分析:根據(jù)句意,第一空要填人稱代詞賓格,第二空要填反身代詞,正好構(gòu)成enjoy themselves(玩得愉快)24答案:B分析:本題中,mistake是可數(shù)名詞,初看題目似乎沒有

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