高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型

1、短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型：1.動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型有 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用 and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致主謂不一致缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。如2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：had改為have 本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是all these years，通常和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。所以使用have been doing的形式。如2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IIMy drea

2、m school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. There are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework.答案：didnt改為dont 本文敘述“我”的夢(mèng)想學(xué)校的情況。根據(jù)文章第一句My dream school starts at 8:30 am可知本文基本時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IIWe can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the la

3、ke listening music.答案：sat改為sit 本句中的or表示選擇關(guān)系，也是一個(gè)并列連詞，所以與前面的lie同樣都使用動(dòng)詞原形。如2014四川卷Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.答案: go改為goes。本句的主語(yǔ)a fire alarm為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式goes。如2014遼寧卷The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with

4、 the baby.答案: have改為has。本句的主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)the early morning barking，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用單數(shù)形式。2. 名詞的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。如2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷ISince thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.答案：year改為years。本句前面的指示代詞these修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以使用名詞years。如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IIFor example, we can do re

5、ading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.答案：hour改為hours。根據(jù)one and a half hours一個(gè)半小時(shí)。如2014四川卷Stay close to your teacher and classmate.答案: classmate改為classmates。此處表達(dá)同班同學(xué)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)橥橥瑢W(xué)應(yīng)該有多人，而不會(huì)只是一個(gè)。3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系who/whom/whose/what/which/how

6、/why/when/where/if/whether等。如2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IAlthough we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 答案：去掉but或butyet。連詞although不能和but連用?？梢园裝ut改為副詞yet。如2014四川卷If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teac

7、her immediately.答案: 去掉when。根據(jù)句意，如果你注意到有人失蹤或受傷，可知此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表陳述，故when多余。答案: and改為or。根據(jù)句意“有人不見(jiàn)或者受傷”可知Or表示的是選擇的關(guān)系。4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞).如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IAs result, the plants are growing somewhere.答案：result前加a 考查固定搭配，as a result結(jié)果是。如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IIThere are all kinds of the f

8、lowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 答案：去掉第一個(gè)the 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示一類(lèi)事物，不用定冠詞。如 2014四川卷If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead you back to the classroom.答案: a改為the。當(dāng)文章中第二次提到前面的某一名詞時(shí)，需使用the表示特指。如2014遼寧卷Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.答案: bark后面的a

9、改為an。名詞average是以元音開(kāi)始的單詞，所以使用an修飾average of。5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞 smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.答案: taste改為tasty 本句中的形容詞juicy和前面的small一樣，和系動(dòng)詞are構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。由and可知用tasty。We are growing wonderfully tomatoe

10、s at no cost!答案: wonderfully改為wonderful 本句中使用形容詞wonderful做定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾后面的名詞tomatoes。 如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IIThe teachers here are kind and helpfully.答案: helpfullyhelpful 本句中的形容詞helpful與前面的kind都是形容詞在句中做表語(yǔ)。如2014四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.答案: calm改為calmly 。此句remain為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成系表

11、結(jié)構(gòu)。6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。如2014四川卷If its the false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.答案: us改為you 。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)your teacher可知你的老師會(huì)帶你

12、們回教室。如2014遼寧卷We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.答案: our改為your。句義：我們很欣賞你的歉意。根據(jù)后面的you可知對(duì)方是來(lái)道歉的。如2014陜西卷Neither of the arrows hit the target.答案: Neither改為none。代詞neither表示兩者都不；而本句中沒(méi)有提及兩者，應(yīng)該是有很多的鳥(niǎo)。故使用none表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。7. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

13、的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ);某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。如2014四川卷Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calm.答案: trying改為try。此處為祈使句，因?yàn)檫B詞and連接的是兩個(gè)同樣性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容，前面是一個(gè)祈使句Dont panic or get out of line，后面也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)祈使句。故使用try，而不是trying。如2014遼寧卷It is difficult to understan

14、ding why she barks every minute shes outside.答案: understanding改為understand。本句中的it是一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to understand why.；不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中to后面要接動(dòng)詞原形。8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用.如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷INearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garde

15、n. 答案：by改為of with the help of在的幫助下。如新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IITherefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 答案：with改為for 本句中的介詞for表示目的。句意：我們有更多的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行課外活動(dòng)。如2014四川卷Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.答案: with改為about 固定搭配talk about something談?wù)撽P(guān)于某事。If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to