含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式

1、含蓄虛擬條件句的七種表現(xiàn)形式 所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語(yǔ)中的一類(lèi)條件句，其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下：1. 將條件隱含在不定式短語(yǔ)中I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我會(huì)給她寫(xiě)信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied

2、 harder, you)2. 將條件隱含在分詞短語(yǔ)中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed this time, what would)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一個(gè)人單獨(dú)在黑暗中行走，瑪

3、麗會(huì)感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。(=If it hadnt been for your help, we)In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情況下，我就會(huì)同意了。(=If circumstances had been different, I would)4. 將

4、條件隱含在名詞短語(yǔ)中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人這樣做了都會(huì)被開(kāi)除。(=If any person should behave in that way, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你就見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 將條件隱含在某些連詞中I didnt know tha

5、t he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就會(huì)同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6. 將條件隱含在定語(yǔ)從句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken

6、 it for a photo. 凡是看過(guò)那畫(huà)的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)7. 將條件隱含在一定的上下文中You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。(=If you wanted to, you might)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long) 虛擬條件

7、句中的條件從句有時(shí)不通過(guò)條件從句表示而含蓄在短語(yǔ)中（介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)，名詞短語(yǔ)等）或上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。主句虛擬謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成與if虛擬條件從句的主句構(gòu)成相同（詳見(jiàn)上面表格）含蓄條件句大體有三種情況。(1)條件暗含在上下文中。You might stay here forever.你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。(可能暗含if you wanted to)(2)習(xí)慣用法在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。You wouldnt know.你不會(huì)知道。I would like to come.我愿意來(lái)。在if it were( had been )not for

8、.此句型意為要不是由于，一般是對(duì)過(guò)去或者現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)條件陳述，但是習(xí)慣用虛擬語(yǔ)氣If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.（現(xiàn)在真實(shí)條件）(3)條件暗含在短語(yǔ)或者單詞中。將條件隱含在不定式短語(yǔ)中。I should be happy to go with you.如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)對(duì)將來(lái)的一種希望將條件隱含在分詞短語(yǔ)中。Born in better times, he would have been a s

9、cholar.如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he )Failing this time, what would you do？假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed this time, what)對(duì)將來(lái)的未知情況假設(shè)將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中。常用的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如but for, only for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。Without air, no one could l

10、ive.沒(méi)有空氣，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)But for his help, he would have failed.要不是有他的幫助，他就會(huì)失敗了。(=If it hadnt been for his help, he would have failed.)But for(要不是因?yàn)?通常表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，屬于條件句，結(jié)果句用3d+t have doneBut for(要不是因?yàn)?your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是

11、不會(huì)成功的。(暗含在分詞短詞but for your help)But for their help,we_ the program in time(2009安徽)答案DA can not finishB will not finishC had not finishedD could not have finished將條件隱含在名詞短語(yǔ)中。A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不會(huì)背棄我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)A few hours earlier, and you w

12、ould have seen the famous writer.要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你就見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)將條件隱含在副詞中。Alone, he would have been terrified.如是單獨(dú)一人，他是會(huì)感到害怕的。(暗含條件是alone)將條件隱含在并列連詞中：but對(duì)應(yīng)條件句,or, otherwise, or else, and, ?also對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)果句a)but引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示真實(shí)情況的分句，用正常陳述語(yǔ)氣（可以理解成條件句），前面并列句子可以理解成結(jié)果句。But引導(dǎo)的并列句子：條件句真實(shí)

13、，結(jié)果句虛擬。實(shí)際上把but換成if時(shí)，需要改成否定,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的條件句=if my car hadnt broken down,因此主句應(yīng)該用與過(guò)去相反的虛擬I would have arrived earlier but my car broke down on the way我本可以早點(diǎn)到的，但是我的汽車(chē)壞在路上了（10安徽26）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busyB. is busyC. had been busy.D. will be busy答案：A.考點(diǎn)：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣與時(shí)態(tài)。解析：前句表示對(duì)過(guò)去

14、的虛擬，而but之后表示過(guò)去的客觀事實(shí)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)b)這些連詞后的句子如果說(shuō)的不是客觀事實(shí)，它們前邊的句子采用正常的陳述語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)應(yīng)條件句，連詞引導(dǎo)的句子采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)果句：結(jié)果句虛擬，條件句真實(shí)句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）+ or/or else, otherwise,and+結(jié)果句（謂語(yǔ)部分：shouldwouldcouldmight等+動(dòng)詞原形）句子（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）+ or/ or else, otherwise,and +結(jié)果句（謂語(yǔ)部分：shouldwouldcouldmight等+ have done）He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or(可換成otherwise后加逗號(hào))he never could have vanquished that great beast.他一定是力大如河馬，否則他絕不會(huì)擊敗那只龐大的野獸。(暗含條件是連詞or)Im really