E英語(yǔ)教程2unit4

1、Listening and speaking,Reading,Grammar,Writing,Culture express,Content,Pronunciation and listening skills,Conversations,Passage,Listening and speaking,Focusing on time information,The pronunciations of the words in brackets are difficult to distinguish. Listen carefully and check () the words you he

2、ar,1 A 5:00 B 5:03 C 5:45,2 A 9:00 B 9:30 C 9:20,3 A 10:00 B 8:00 C 9:00,4 A 7:50 B 7:15 C 8:15,5 A 5:15 B 5:30 C 5:45,6 A 10:00 B 10:30 C 9:30,Focusing on time information,Scripts,Focusing on time information,Scripts,Tips,英語(yǔ)時(shí)間通常用以下兩種方法表達(dá)： 1. 直接表達(dá)法 1) 用基數(shù)詞 + oclock來(lái)表示整點(diǎn)，注意oclock須用單數(shù)，可以省略。 如：eight (o

3、clock) (8:00)。 2) 用基數(shù)詞按“鐘點(diǎn) + 分鐘”的順序直接寫出時(shí)間，表示非整點(diǎn)。如：eight five (8:05)，eight forty (8:40)。 2. 間接表達(dá)法 1) 如果分鐘數(shù)少于30，可用“分鐘 + past + 鐘點(diǎn)”表示，其中past是介詞，意思是“過(guò)”。如：twenty past four (4:20,Focusing on time information,Tips,2) 如果所表示時(shí)間的分鐘數(shù)多于 30，可用“（60分鐘 - 分鐘數(shù)）+ to +（原鐘點(diǎn)數(shù) + 1）”表示，其中 to 是介詞，意思是“差”。如：twenty-five to nine

4、 (8:35)。 注： 1) 當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)是 15 時(shí)，可用名詞 quarter （一刻鐘）表示。如：a quarter past eight (8:15)。 2) 當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)是 30 時(shí)，可用名詞 half （一半）表示。如：half past nine (9:30,Focusing on time information,Conversations,Conversation 1,Conversation 2,Functional language,Exercises,Exercises,Functional language,1.Listen to a conversation and matc

5、h the students in Column A with where they come from in Column B,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,1.Listen to a conversation and match the students in Column A with where they come from in Column B,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,2 According to the conversation, what s

6、hould Tommy do,A Take a new bag every time he buys something. B Degrade the plastic bags. C Bring his own bag every time he goes shopping,1 What is Tommys attitude to environmental protection,A Indifferent. B Worried. C Not mentioned,2.Listen again and complete the following conversation with what y

7、ou hear,3 Im _ bring my own bag every time I go shopping,1 Oh, but I _ take reusable bags every time,2 It is such a waste and _ for the environment,hate to,bad,supposed to,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,Scripts,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,3.Role-play a conversati

8、on in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language,Sample,Sample,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,3.Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language,Conversation 1 -

9、 Talking About Responsibilities,Role play - Sample conversation,Situation 1,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,Role play - Sample conversation,Situation 2,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,Functional Language,Conversation 1 - Talking About Responsibilities,1.Listen to a co

10、nversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,Mary and John agree with each other that charity work is meaningful,1.Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F,T,F,John

11、 has to take part in the rehearsal every other evening,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,The show mentioned by Mary is a contest organized by the Students Union,F,The purpose of the charity show is to make children have fun,F,2.Listen again and complete the following conversation with

12、what you hear,Hi, John, therell be a charity show next weekend. Are you _ coming,Its a concert organized by the Students Union. Its _ is to raise funds for the children in remote areas,interested in,purpose,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,Yes, I think were all supposed to help those

13、_. So, would you like to join us,in need,I dont think you have to. You can practice _; but I think you must take part in the final rehearsal,on your own,Scripts,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,3.Role-play a conversation in groups of three according to one of the following situations.

14、 You may refer to the Functional Language,Sample,Sample,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,3.Role-play a conversation in groups of three according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,Role play - Sam

15、ple conversation,Situation 1,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,Role play - Sample conversation,Situation 2,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,Functional Language,Conversation 2 - Talking About Responsibilities,1.Listen to a passage and complete the following table with wha

16、t you hear,Passage,calling on Beijgers not to use cars,starting the first Car Free Day in France,starting the first Car Free Day in Chengdu,Passage,1 The first Car Free Day in the world was started in _,A every dayB one day a weekC one day a month,2. Listen again and choose the best way to complete

17、each of the following,2 In Beijing, drivers are asked to go to work on foot or by bike _,A America B France C Beijing,B,C,3 The best title for this passage can be _,A The Origin of Car Free Day B Ways to Protect the Environment C World Car Free Day,C,Scripts,Passage,World Car Free Day was first star

18、ted by over 30 cities in France on September 22, 1998. It was started to protect the environment. By now, more than 1,000 cities around the world have had a Car Free Day. The first Car Free Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001. Other cities including Taipei, Shanghai, and Wuhan, also support the day.

19、 In Beijing, more and more people are joining the campaign. It asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day every month, and to walk or ride a bike to work. It also calls on Beijingers not to use cars on June 5th (the World Environment Day). The slogan for the day is, “If we drive for one le

20、ss day, we can have one more nice day.” So far, more than 200,000 drivers have shown their support. They say, “We cant control the weather, but we can choose not to drive. We must do more for Car Free Day.,Passage,3. Talk about the ways youre practicing to protect the environment. The following may

21、be helpful,Sample,Passage A,Passage B,Is there life on Earth,Vienna Vegetable Orchestra,Reading,Is there life on Earth,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Passage A,Passage A Is there life on earth,Lead-in,Extended reading,Pre-reading activity,Video appreciation,Lead-in,Video appreciation,Passage A Is ther

22、e life on earth,火星上有生命嗎？有人嗎？ 據(jù)國(guó)外媒體報(bào)道，美國(guó)宇航局的火星軌道探測(cè)器以及火星車正在尋找有關(guān)火星生命的痕跡，目前科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)在數(shù)十億年前，火星曾擁有潮濕的環(huán)境，很有可能存在生命，我們要做的就是找出它們留下的證據(jù)。地球上的生命具有非常頑強(qiáng)的生存能力，過(guò)去數(shù)十年，研究人員已經(jīng)在諸多惡劣的環(huán)境中發(fā)現(xiàn)不可思議的微生物，比如冰川內(nèi)部、深海熱液噴口、地下深處等，這些被認(rèn)為幾乎不可能有生命存在的地方都發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命，甚至是核反應(yīng)堆中也有可適應(yīng)極端環(huán)境的生命存在，這些情況都暗示火星可能還存在生命。 地球生命與火星生命之間是否存在關(guān)聯(lián)呢？科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多證據(jù)顯示火星曾經(jīng)擁有溫暖的世

23、界，有河流、湖泊,Lead-in,Extended reading,Passage A Is there life on earth,和海洋，火星可能存在地下水，有研究指出，火星生命與地球生命屬于太陽(yáng)系中兩個(gè)完全不同的生命分支，如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)火星生命，那么在外形等特征上可能與地球生命完全無(wú)關(guān)，這也暗示了生命可以出現(xiàn)在任何一個(gè)適宜的星球上，宇宙中幾乎任何一個(gè)具備條件的行星都可能演化出生命。 另一種理論認(rèn)為火星生命與地球生命是同源的，兩顆行星的生命擁有同一祖先，顯然該理論暗示了地球生命可能來(lái)源于數(shù)十億年前的火星，即便火星沒(méi)有演化出高級(jí)文明，那么低等生物也可能通過(guò)隕石來(lái)到地球，這些空間碎片可以在太陽(yáng)系

24、內(nèi)側(cè)的某個(gè)軌道上運(yùn)行，并重新被另一顆行星引力場(chǎng)捕獲，進(jìn)入另一個(gè)星球的環(huán)境中。如果這一假說(shuō)得到證實(shí)，那么地球生命可能就起源于火星，火星擁有潮濕環(huán)境的時(shí)期比地球更早,Lead-in,Extended reading,Passage A Is there life on earth,對(duì)此，有研究認(rèn)為火星生命無(wú)法在惡劣的宇宙環(huán)境中幸存下來(lái)，這一觀點(diǎn)并沒(méi)有獲得足夠的支持，因此我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以忍受低溫、強(qiáng)輻射環(huán)境的生命，頑強(qiáng)的微生物可以在隕石中休眠保存，在一個(gè)新的環(huán)境中復(fù)蘇。也有研究提出地球生命或源于太陽(yáng)系之外，當(dāng)太陽(yáng)系圍繞銀河系運(yùn)行時(shí)，穿過(guò)了一些星際氣體團(tuán)或者碎片群，由此引入了生命種子，該假說(shuō)暗示銀河系

25、生命可能更加普遍，無(wú)論是哪種情況，對(duì)火星生命的探索都將給我們帶來(lái)驚喜,Lead-in,Extended reading,Passage A Is there life on earth,Pre-reading activity,Passage A Is there life on earth,1. Match the following expressions with the pictures below,A white pollution B waste water C soil pollution D smog,D,B,A,C,Pre-reading activity,Passage A

26、 Is there life on earth,2. Try to imagine what the world would be like in 100 years if the problems above were not solved,Text study,Organization of the text,Language points,Text reading,Passage A Is there life on earth,Passage A,Is there life on Earth,There was great excitement on Venus this week.

27、For the first time Venusian scientists managed to launch a satellite in orbit around the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. The satellite was directed over an area known as Manhattan-named after the great Venusian astronomer Professor Manhattan, who

28、 first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago. Because of excellent weather conditions and strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the possibility of landing a manned flying saucer on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute o

29、f Technology,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,We have come to the conclusion, based on the satellite findings, Professor Zog said. There is no life on Earth. How do you know this? the science reporter for the Venus Evening Star asked. 5. For one thing, Earths surface is composed of solid concrete and nothing can g

30、row there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive. 6. What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?“ 7. We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier f

31、lying saucer than we have planned.,_,_,Passage A,_,_,_,_,_,_,Are there any other difficulties that you have discovered in your studies? Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud over the surface of Earth? We dont know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble; and we s

32、hall have to make further tests before we send a Venusian there. Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer,_

33、,_,Passage A,_,_,_,_,_,_,Passage A,Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs? Were not certain. They seem to be metal particles that move along certain paths. They give off gases, make noise, and keep crashing into each other. There are so many of these paths and so many metal part

34、icles that they are quite likely to get smashed when we land a flying saucer. What are those pointed objects sticking up?” They are tall buildings that give off light at night. Professor Glom has named them skyscrapers since they seem to be scraping the skies,_,_,_,_,_,Passage A,you say is true, won

35、t this set back the flying saucer program several years? Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstake gives us the added funds.” If all Professor Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of Venusian dollars to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?” Because if we Venu

36、sians can learn to breathe in the Earths atmosphere, then we can surely live anywhere in the universe,_,_,Organization of the text,Part I (Para. _,Part II (Para. _,1-2,3-14,The satellite landed on Earth has been sending back signals and photographs,Venusian scientists have come to the conclusion tha

37、t the Earth is unfit for them to live,Passage A Is there life on earth,Part III (Para. _,14-18,The Venusian scientists are determined to proceed with the exploration of the planet Earth,Structure,it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since,Line 3, Para. 1,之后，衛(wèi)星便不斷地發(fā)回信號(hào)和照片,自從三年

38、前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去,has been doing 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。（與since，for連用時(shí)，常常表示動(dòng)作會(huì)進(jìn)行下去,I have been learning English since three years ago,Passage A Is there life on earth,The satellite was directed over an area known as Manhattannamed a

39、fter the great Venusian astronomer Professor Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago,衛(wèi)星對(duì)準(zhǔn)的是一片叫曼哈頓的地區(qū), 這個(gè)地區(qū)是以金星上偉大的天文學(xué)家曼哈頓教授的名字來(lái)命名的。兩萬(wàn)光年前，曼哈頓教授用望遠(yuǎn)鏡首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)地區(qū),direct sth. at / toward sth.,機(jī)器將X光射線對(duì)準(zhǔn)了病人的身體,The machine directs an X-ray beam at the patients body,把某物對(duì)準(zhǔn)某物

40、,Line 1, Para. 2,Passage A Is there life on earth,name sb./sth. after sb./sth.,他被冠以他爺爺?shù)拿制鹆嗣?He was named after his grandfather,以某人/某物的名字給某人/某物命名,Passage A Is there life on earth,who first discovered it 20,000 light years ago 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的Professor Manhattan,The satellite was directed over an area

41、 known as Manhattannamed after the great Venusian astronomer Professor Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago,Line 1, Para. 2,Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the possibility of landing a manned flying saucer on Earth,Line 6, Para.

42、 2,金星科學(xué)家們得以獲得了有關(guān)載人飛碟能否在地球上著陸的寶貴資料,關(guān)于哪些學(xué)生獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的決定應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快做出,Decisions as to which students receive scholarship should be made quickly,concerning:關(guān)于,對(duì)于這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是從哪來(lái)的，有兩種說(shuō)法,There are two thoughts as to where this saying came from,Passage A Is there life on earth,as to,年輕人擁有一套大房子的可能性通常是極其渺茫的,The possibility of o

43、wning a large house for young people is usually rare,做某事情的可能性,Passage A Is there life on earth,the possibility of doing sth.,man: v. to work at, use, or operate a system, piece of equipment, etc. 在（某系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備等上）工作；使用，操縱（某系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備等）。manned 在這里是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾flying saucer,Venusian scientists were able to get val

44、uable information as to the possibility of landing a manned flying saucer on Earth,Line 6, Para. 2,We have come to the conclusion, based on the satellite findings,” Professor Zog said. “There is no life on Earth.,Line 1, Para. 3,根據(jù)衛(wèi)星上的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論，”佐格教授說(shuō)，“地球上沒(méi)有生命。,be based on / upon sth,我們的關(guān)系應(yīng)當(dāng)以尊重和信任

45、為基礎(chǔ),Our relationship should be based on respect and trust,以某物為基礎(chǔ),Passage A Is there life on earth,For one thing, Earths surface is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there,Line 1, Para. 5,首先，地球表面由堅(jiān)固的混凝土構(gòu)成，什么東西也無(wú)法在那里生長(zhǎng),for one thing for another,我不想買這棟房子。一方面太小，另一方面價(jià)格太高,I dont want to buy

46、this house. For one thing, it is too small; for another, the price of it is too high,一個(gè)原因是，另一個(gè)原因是,Passage A Is there life on earth,For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive,Line 2, Para. 5,另外，大氣中充滿了一氧化碳和其他

47、致命的氣體，任何人呼吸了這種空氣都不可能幸存下來(lái),be filled with,如果你嘴里滿是食物的話怎么唱歌,How can you sing if your mouth is filled with food,to be full of 被充滿,Passage A Is there life on earth,珍的眼睛里充滿淚水,Janes eyes were filled with tears,We dont know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble,Line 2, Para. 9,我們還不知道它是由什么

48、形成的，但是它會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)許多麻煩,be made of,風(fēng)箏是紙做的,The kite is made of paper,Passage A Is there life on earth,由制成。主語(yǔ)為制成品，用于從制成品可直接看出原材料的情況,易與之混用的一個(gè)詞組為be made from，其意思也是“由制成”，但是用在從制成品看不出原材料是什么的情況。 e.g. Butter is made from milk（黃油是用牛奶制成的。,Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings

49、 indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink,Line 1, Para. 10,這邊，諸位可以看到像是一條河的東西，不過(guò)衛(wèi)星探測(cè)的結(jié)果表明它已被污染，不適于飲用,be unfit to do sth.: 不適合做某事,這場(chǎng)病使她身體不適合飛行,The disease has left her medically unfit to fly,Passage A Is there life on earth,This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add

50、 even greater weight to the saucer,Line 4, Para. 10,這意味著我們將不得不自己帶水，這就會(huì)給飛碟增加更多的重量,add sth. to sth.: to put sth. with another thing 為某物增添某種東西,我們可以將銷售稅攤到這些產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格上,We can add sales tax to the price of these products,Passage A Is there life on earth,even: adv. used for emphasizing that although sth. is bi

51、g, good, bad, etc., sth. else is bigger,better, worse, etc. 更加；愈加。用來(lái)修飾形容詞比較級(jí),昨天天氣就冷，今天更冷了,It was cold yesterday, but its even colder today,Passage A Is there life on earth,This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer,Line 4, Para. 10,There are so

52、many of these paths and so many metal prticles that they are quite likely to get smashed when we land a flying saucer,Line 3, Para. 12,那里有很多這樣的通道，很多這樣的金屬微粒，飛碟在那里著陸的話，很可能把那些金屬微粒撞毀,在“get smashed”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中，get 作始動(dòng)性連系動(dòng)詞，與多數(shù)都已形容詞化了的過(guò)去分詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)的變化和動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,別被雨淋到,Dont get caught in the rain,Passage A Is th

53、ere life on earth,What are those pointed objects sticking up,Line 1, Para. 13,那些筆直豎立的凸出物是什么,stick (sth.) in / up / through: 把（某物）伸進(jìn)/伸上/伸入,當(dāng)護(hù)士將針頭扎向他的胳膊時(shí)，他把臉轉(zhuǎn)向了一邊,He looked away as the nurse stuck the needle in his arm,常用詞組： stick to 堅(jiān)持，不放棄 stick by sb 繼續(xù)支持并忠于某人 stick on sth 把某物固定在,Passage A Is there

54、life on earth,Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstake gives us the added funds,Line 1, Para. 16,是的，但是一旦創(chuàng)業(yè)基金組織給我們追加資金，我們就會(huì)接著推進(jìn)這一計(jì)劃,as soon as: 一就 ；一經(jīng),我們一到酒店就給你弄點(diǎn)東西吃好么,Well get you something as soon as we get to the hotel,Passage A Is there life on earth,launch,Line 2, Para. 1,該機(jī)構(gòu)將于下月發(fā)射一顆新的

55、氣象衛(wèi)星,The agency will launch a new weather satellite next month,vt. to send a weapon or a space vehicle into the sky or into space 發(fā)射；開(kāi)展（活動(dòng)、計(jì)劃等,警方已對(duì)該事件展開(kāi)調(diào)查,The police have launched an investigation into the incident,Passage A Is there life on earth,signal,Line 4, Para. 1,我們等待著他們發(fā)出行動(dòng)的信號(hào),We waited for

56、them to give us the signal to move,n. a sound, action, or event that gives information or tells sb. to do sth. 信號(hào)；暗號(hào),Passage A Is there life on earth,astronomer,Line 2, Para. 2,祖沖之是中國(guó)古代有名的天文學(xué)家,Zu Chongzhi was a famous astronomer of the ancient China,n. a physicist who studies astronomy天文學(xué)者，天文學(xué)家,派生詞：astronomy n. 天文學(xué)家 astronomical adj. 天文學(xué)的；極大的 astronaut n.宇航員,Passage A Is there life on ea