繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路

1、中間繼電器的符號(hào),復(fù) 習(xí),2.電流繼電器 反映輸入量為電流的繼電器叫做電流繼電器。 電流繼電器的線圈串聯(lián)在被測(cè)電路中， 當(dāng)通過線圈的電流達(dá)到預(yù)定值時(shí)，其觸頭動(dòng)作。,復(fù) 習(xí),（1）過電流繼電器 當(dāng)通過繼電器的電流超過預(yù)定值時(shí)就動(dòng)作的繼電器稱為過電流繼電器。 （2）欠電流繼電器 當(dāng)通過繼電器的電流減小到低于其整定值時(shí)就動(dòng)作的繼電器稱為欠電流繼電器。,復(fù) 習(xí),課題八：繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路（一）,學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 熟悉繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)控制線路的構(gòu)成和工作原理。,課題八：繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制線路,一、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動(dòng)控制線路 1.轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動(dòng)原理 2.按鈕操作控制線路 3.時(shí)間繼電器

2、自動(dòng)控制線路 4.電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制線路 二、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接變阻器啟動(dòng)控制線路 1.頻敏變阻器 2.轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接頻敏變阻器啟動(dòng)控制線路 三、凸輪控制器控制線路,YR系列 符號(hào),繞線轉(zhuǎn)子三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，可以通過滑環(huán)在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串接電阻來改善電動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械特性，從而達(dá)到減小啟動(dòng)電流、增大啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩以及調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。,繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)控制線路,1、應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合： 在要求啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩較大且有一定調(diào)速要求的場(chǎng)合，如：起重機(jī)、卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)等，常常采用三相繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)。 2、分類： （1）轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動(dòng)控制線路 （2）轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接頻敏變阻器控制線路 （3）凸輪控制器控制線路,一、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動(dòng)控制線路

3、,1.轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動(dòng)原理 啟動(dòng)時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作Y形連接、分級(jí)切換的三相啟動(dòng)電阻器，以減小啟動(dòng)電流、增加啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級(jí)減小可變電阻。啟動(dòng)完畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動(dòng)機(jī)便在額定狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。,轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相對(duì)稱電阻器,轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相不對(duì)稱電阻器,2.按鈕操作控制線路 特點(diǎn)： 工作原理簡(jiǎn)單，操作不便，工作的安全性和可靠性較差，所以生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中不常用。,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,KH,SB5,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,KH,SB2,SB3,SB4,電路組成分析,KM

4、,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,合上QS 按下SB1 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng),FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB2 KM1線圈得電 KM1觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng),FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,K

5、M1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB3 KM2線圈得電 KM2觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng),FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,R1,R2,R3,SB2,SB3,SB4,按下SB4 KM3線圈得電 KM3觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,L1L2L3,KM1,SB5,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,KM3,KM2,KM,SB2,SB3,SB4,松開SB4 電

6、動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行,R1,R2,R3,FU1,FU2,QS,KH,KH,3.時(shí)間繼電器自動(dòng)控制線路 特點(diǎn)： 線路利用三個(gè)時(shí)間繼電器和三個(gè)接觸器的相互 配合來依次自動(dòng)切除轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中的三級(jí)電阻,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,R1,KT1,KT2,KT3,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KH,電路組成分析,L1L2L3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3

7、,KM3,KT1,KT2,合上QS 按下SB1 KM線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng) KT1線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM

8、,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT1延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合 KM1線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM1觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng) KT2線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2

9、,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT2延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合 KM2線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM2觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng) KT3線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM

10、2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT3延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合 KM3線圈得電,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M 3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM

11、,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開 KT1線圈失電 KT1觸頭斷開 KM1線圈失電 KM1觸頭動(dòng)作 KT2線圈失電 KT2觸頭動(dòng)作 KM2線圈失電 KM2觸頭動(dòng)作 KT3線圈失電 KT3觸頭斷開 電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,思考,？將三個(gè)觸器的輔助常閉觸頭與啟動(dòng)按鈕串接，這樣做的目的是什么？,思考答案,目的： 如果三個(gè)接觸器中的任何一個(gè)因觸頭熔焊或機(jī)械故障而不能正常釋放時(shí)，即使按下啟動(dòng)按鈕，控制電路也不會(huì)得電，電動(dòng)

12、機(jī)就不會(huì)接通電源啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行。,4.電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制電路 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)剛啟動(dòng)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子電流較大，隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的增大，轉(zhuǎn)子電流逐漸減小，根據(jù)這一特性，可以利用電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制接觸器來逐級(jí)切除轉(zhuǎn)子回路的電阻。,L1L2L3,FU1,3,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KH,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,電路組成分析,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,K

13、A3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,合上QS 按下SB1 KM線圈得電,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM觸頭閉合 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng) K線圈得電,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2

14、,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA常開觸頭閉合,為KM1,KM2,KM3得電作準(zhǔn)備 因啟動(dòng)電流大KA1,KA2,KA3的動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開,繼續(xù)串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng),FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度加快，電流減小， KA1欠電流,動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合，,KM1線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合,切除第一組電阻R1 串聯(lián)R2,R3繼續(xù)啟動(dòng),FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3

15、,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小 ， KA2欠電流, 動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合，切除第二組電阻R2 串聯(lián)R3繼續(xù)啟動(dòng),FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小 KA3欠電流, 動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合切除全部電阻, 電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)完畢，全速運(yùn)行,FU2,KH,QS,KH,思考,？中間繼電器的作用？,思考答案：,中間繼電器的作用是保證電動(dòng)機(jī)在轉(zhuǎn)子電路中接入全部電阻的情況下開始