2012北京各區(qū)一模試題分類匯編(閱讀理解附答案)

1、第一組：海淀一模：閱讀理解 （共44分）六、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。（共26分，每小題2分） alondon , ukimperial college london (帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院 )and university college london are very famous. london is also going through big changes with the coming olympic games. you need to pay about $20,600 a year.boston, usa you proba

2、bly know of harvard university and mit. they are near boston. studying at these two universities is expensive: about $50,000 a year. with the help of scholarship (獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)，the fee is about $39,600 a year. vienna, austriathe city is home to austrias two highest-ranked universities: the university of eart

3、h day vienna and the vienna university of technology. for students looking for rich culture, vienna is a good choice. the average fee is about $2,300 a year.melbourne, australiamelbourne now is australias number one city for international students. it has world-class universities, like the universit

4、y of melbourne, a high quality of life and good climate.47. you need to pay_ a year to study in london.a. $20,600 b. $50,000 c. $4,300 d. $39,600 48. if you look for rich culture, you may choose _.a. imperial college london b. harvard university c. the university of vienna d. the university of melbo

5、urne49. the university of melbourne is in _.a. uk b. usa c. australia d. austria b “will you give my kite a lift?” asked my nephew to his sister. lucy took it up and threw it into the air, but her brother didnt pay attention and ran off, so the kite fell down. “try again, children,” i said.lucy once

6、 more took up the kite. but john ran off so suddenly that the kite flew out of her hand and it fell flat as before. “try again,” said i.they did, and with more care, but a side wind came suddenly. as lucy let go the kite, it was blown against some bushes and the tail was caught. meanwhile, i went to

7、 the kites assistance and set the tail free from the bushes. i told them to find a more open area and then try again. we found an open area. i threw the kite up as john ran off. it rose up and promised a high flight. but john was so pleased that he stopped short to look upward. the string became loo

8、se. the kite shook and came down to the ground. “i wont try anymore. the kite wont fly. ” said he angrily. i replied, “a few disappointments are not supposed to discourage us. and now try again.” and he tried and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather. after

9、 enjoying the sight as long as he excited, john began to roll up the string slowly. “shall we come out tomorrow and try again.”i smiled, “yes, dear children. i wish to teach you the value of keeping trying. whenever you fail, remember try again!” 50. how many times did they fly the kite? a. five.b.

10、four.c. three.d. six.51. how did john feel when he finally flew the kite up? a. angry.b. hopeful.c. excited.d. worried52. the writer wants to tell us _. a. the ways of flying kites b. the pleasure of flying kites c. the cost of making mistakes d. the importance of keeping trying c theres a lot of fo

11、cus on trans fats（反式脂肪）these days. we read about it in the news, and theres talk of passing laws against trans fats. we are bombarded with the word. unfortunately, most people dont know what trans fats truly are and why they are so bad for us. a lot of food production companies want to get your doll

12、ars by printing trans fat free on their label (標(biāo)簽). sadly, they may not be telling the truth. so what is a trans fat really? a trans fat is a liquid (液體) fat that is turned into a solid. although there are very small amounts of natural trans fats in meat and dairy products, most of them are created

13、by adding hydrogen to liquid fat. food-makers do this because it makes the product last longer on the shelf. have you ever wondered why cookies can still be crispy and tasty after six months to a year on a store shelf? its because of trans fats. trans fats are typically found in things like donuts,

14、french fries, cookies, microwave popcorn, and potato chips.why are trans fats bad for you? trans fats raise the bad cholesterol（膽固醇）in your body and lower the good cholesterol that the body needs. fatty foods do cause overweight. trans fats build up in the body and block blood flow to the heart. peo

15、ple whose diet contains a high percentage of trans fats are at risk of heart disease and stroke.why can the food-makers label trans fat free when it isnt? because of the way the nutrition labeling laws work, the fda (food and drug administration) has allowed that if a food has less than 0.5 grams pe

16、r serving (一份) it can be classified as trans fat free. read the label and you may discover that the package actually contains 6 servings, and if you just ate three of them, you might have eaten 1.49 grams of trans fats. besides, in most fast food restaurants, ingredient and nutrition information are

17、 not listed. you may be shocked if you know what you are eating. an article in mens health magazine pointed that in kfc, hydrogenated(氫化的) oils appeared 91 times among the ingredients from the menu list.how do you really know if there are trans fats in the food you are eating? one way to truly under

18、stand what you are eating is to read the label. another is to understand your ingredients. anything on the label that says hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated, even if the package states trans fat free, has trans fats in it. you had better not buy that product. make a different choice, a choice f

19、or your health. 53. the expression “are bombarded with” in paragraph 1 probably means_. a. are tired of b. hear much of c. are connected with d. know clearly about54. which of the following is true according to the passage? a. trans fats can make food last long and keep people fit. b. food-makers us

20、e trans fats because they make food delicious. c. the amount of trans fat in food is clearly written on the label. d. trans fat can be found in the food with package saying trans fat free.55. what can be the best title for the passage?a. danger of eating trans fats food b. truths and facts about tra

21、ns fats c. buy trans fats free products now!d. dont eat in fast food restaurants! d the “halo effect” is a classic finding in social psychology. it is the idea that general evaluations (評(píng)價(jià))about a person (e.g. she is likeable) influence judgments about their specific traits（品質(zhì)）(e.g. she is intellige

22、nt). hollywood stars give the perfect example. because they are often attractive and likeable, we naturally consider they are also intelligent, friendly and so on. that is, sometimes, not true.in the 1970s, well-known social psychologist richard nisbett set out to prove the fact that we actually pay

23、 little attention to our thought processes in general, especially to the halo effect.nisbett wanted to examine the way students made judgments about teachers. they had been divided into two groups to watch two different videos of the same teacher, who happened to have a strong indian accent. one gro

24、up watched the teacher answer a series of questions in an extremely warm and friendly manner. the second group saw exactly the same person answer exactly the questions in a cold and distant manner. in one the teacher appeared to like teaching and students, and in the other he came across as someone

25、powerful who didnt like teaching at all.after each group of students watched the videos they were asked to evaluate the teacher on physical appearance, mannerisms and even his accent (mannerisms were kept the same across both videos). the same as the halo effect infers, students who saw the “warm” o

26、ne evaluated him more attractive, his mannerisms more likeable and even his accent as more pleasing. this was unsurprising as it backed up the ideas on the halo effect. at the same time, for those who had seen the other video, the result was just the wrong way around.the surprise is that students ha

27、d no clue why they gave one teacher higher evaluations. most said that how much they liked the teacher had not influenced their evaluation of his individual traits at all. the halo effect is fascinating and now well-used in the business world. for example, books that have “harvard classics” written

28、on the front can ask twice the price of the exact same book without it. the same is true in the fashion industry. so, the next time you consider buying a pair of designer jeans or decide whether you like someone, ask yourself whether the halo effect is operating. are you really evaluating the traits

29、 of the person? this simple check could save you wasting your money or refusing a loyal friend. or perhaps, even if you do check, youll still never know.56. why does the author mention hollywood stars in the first paragraph?a. to help us to evaluate others.b. to explain what the halo effect is.c. to

30、 show us the background of the story.d. to tell us hollywood stars are not truly friendly.57. which one do you think is not an example of the halo effect?a. you make friends with the people who have good judgments.b. you prefer to buy the products advertised by a movie star. c. you pay more for a si

31、mple t-shirt with a famous designers name on it.d. you believe your teachers are intelligent because they appear likeable. 58. what can we learn from the passage?a. people can do nothing to avoid the halo effect.b. people use the halo effect widely in the business world.c. people often wonder how th

32、e halo effect works before shopping.d. people sometimes dont realize the halo effect when they make judgments.59. the passage is mainly about _.a the cause of the halo effectb the development of the halo effectc the evaluation of the halo effectd the influence of the halo effect第二組：西城一模： 閱讀理解（共44分）六

33、、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。（共26分，每小題2分）ajapanese people are famous for their inventions. the latest time-saving invention is a dog-washing machine. dog owners can buy one for their dogs. they can save time by putting their dogs in the machine and then 33 minutes later, out comes a c

34、lean, fresh-smelling dog. the washing includes a shampoo (洗發(fā)), rinse (沖洗) and blow- dry. sales of the dog-washer are increasing. the machines save a lot of money for pet owners in cleaning bills. however, it is bad news for pet hospitals because they are losing customers to the new dog washing machi

35、ne.the washing machine is very safe. tests showed that dogs enjoyed the wash and were very happy when the blow-drier came on. the makers of the machine say it is very safe and does not harm dogs in any way. one dog-owner, michiko kobayashi, loves her new machine. she said her dog was happy, too. mic

36、hiko explained to reporters, “before i bought my washer, i only took honey to the pet hospital a few times a year. now, i wash her every week and she looks great. i also save a lot of money.” 47. the dog-washer is used to _.a. walk a dogb. feed a dogc. clean a dog d. catch a dog48. the invention is

37、not good news for _.a. dog-ownersb. reportersc. machine makersd. pet hospitals 49. the dog-washer can help dog owners _.a. save time and moneyb. make moneyc. make dogs strongerd. clean the room ba new museum about laziness has opened in colombias capital, bogota. but, you have to hurry if you want t

38、o find out about being lazy because the show lasts for only one week. the unusual show has displays (展品) that include things, such as sofas, beds, and anything that lets you take the weight off your feet. there are also plenty of televisions for visitors to watch while they walk around in the museum

39、. the museum opened soon after the holiday season. the idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change their behavior and lifestyle throughout the rest of the year. the museums keeper, marcela arrieta, said she wanted people to have a rethink about laziness and decide whether it reall

40、y is a bad thing. she added, “we always think about laziness as an enemy of work.” ms. arrieta may not be pushing for a shorter working week, but she could have a point in that we might require more free time than our jobs allow us. avoiding the pressure (壓力) of work and relaxing more may make us he

41、althier and live longer. try out her advice for yourself; take the weight off your feet, put your feet up, and think about being lazy.50. visitors can _ in the museum of laziness. a. repair sofasb. watch tvc. buy bedsd. get a job51. what does the underlined part mean in paragraph 2?a. relax yourself

42、.b. become excited.c. lose weight. d. take off your shoes.52. the museums keeper thinks that _. a. museums are good places to visitb. work is a big enemy of lifec. people should rethink about lazinessd. the unusual show is very successfulc does it seem like everyone you know is, too busy, or tired?

43、do you feel like you never have time to just relax? do you daydream about being on vacation? well, you are not alone. most people have too much to do, and too little time. it is not surprising that stress (壓力) is a common part of everyones life. we often think that a vacation will help us relax. but

44、 most of us find that after a few days back at work or school, we feel the usual stress. the question is: how can we make relaxation and leisure (休閑) time part of our daily lives? here are some ways to reduce stress in your everyday life. exercise! exercise is one of the simplest and best ways to re

45、duce stress. when we exercise, our body produces natural relaxants into our bloodstreams. our stress level is then reduced. if your day is stressful, take 20 minutes or more for a walk, a bike ride, or a sport. get enough sleep. if you dont get enough sleep, you may feel more nervous or get angry mo

46、re easily. in addition, you will have a harder time concentrating (集中注意力) and doing your work. when you cant work well, you create stress for yourself. enjoy a sense of humor. it is good to have a good laugh about something that relaxes us. laughter breaks worry and helps us take a break. take time

47、to read the cartoon stories in the newspaper, watch a funny tv play or movie, or trade jokes with a friend. eat properly. if you dont eat healthy food, your body will feel tired and run down. eat normal meals, and dont eat too much sugary food. sugar gives quick energy, but soon you will feel tired

48、again. practice relaxation methods. there are many different relaxation methods that can help you reduce stress. some methods just take a few minutes, and can be done at any time during the day. other methods require more time, and space for quiet time. some common relaxation methods are: deep breat

49、hing and thinking, imagining peaceful scenes, massage (按摩), or yoga (瑜伽). make time for some free time activity every day. what do you like to do to relax you? is there something you enjoy doing that always makes you feel less stressful? think about hobbies or activities that give you pleasure. 53.

50、the purpose of the passage is to _. a. explain why many people feel lonely b. prove that stress is part of our life c. suggest taking more relaxing exercised. introduce some ways to reduce stress 54. from the passage, we can _ to help us reduce stress. a. take 5 minutes for a walkb. trade jokes with

51、 our friends c. try getting less sleepd. change hobbies and activities55. the writer may agree _. a. a short holiday cant reduce the stress completelyb. sugary food can provide more energy for people c. eating proper food can help our body produce natural relaxantsd. deep breathing and thinking are

52、better methods to reduce stressd time is not a fixed object. the idea of time in any given culture is largely a product created by beliefs, traditions, and values. in some cases, time is thought of as formless and is based on what is going on at the moment, rather than as a planned object. others re

53、gard time as a machine: a real thing which is fixed, which can be divided into schedules (日程安排) and can be wasted. similarly, cultures are also likely to think of the passing of time in different ways as well. a society can be moved towards a specific (特定化的) understanding of history. many cultures,

54、such as british, native american, greek, french, japanese, and some other asian cultures, take the past, cultural history, and traditions as having the most importance, and use them as a guide in making present-day decisions. some cultures see the present moment as the most important. tradition hold

55、s little importance, and planning for the future is not the most important thing, but rather the present time is more valued, and these kinds of lifestyles are relaxed. other societies can be future-oriented (關(guān)注未來的), and place an additional focus on planning and forward movement, and the present act

56、ivities are treated as a bridge to this future goal. this is the common agreement in the united states. how a person thinks of time can be understood in the way they work together with others. someone with a focus on the future will hold schedules and times to be very important, as they are necessar

57、y for moving on to the next step. however, someone who lives more in the present may consider a certain meeting time as not fixed. in italy and in many arab countries, it is normal for people to be 30 minutes late for a meeting. it is different in the united states or britain, for example, where lateness is accepted only up to 5 or 10 minutes. the concept (概念) of time, and its flexibility (靈活多變), meaning, and even the nature of its existence (存在) is something which is deeply laid