綜合類職稱英語教材新增文章

1、2011年綜合類職稱英語教材新增文章下載閱讀理解新增文章（共3篇）第八篇the state of marriage todayis there something seriously wrong with marriage today? during the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the united states has exploded：almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now，and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. if this

2、trend continues，it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokesperson for the national family association. some futurists predict that in 100 years，the average american will marry at least four times，and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.but what are the

3、 reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? the answer to the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. the institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as t

4、hey usually didnt have jobs outside the home. but with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs，this is no longer the case, so they dont feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.in answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems. while the rate of divor

5、ce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular. in addition to this，many couples now cohabit and dont bother to marry. these couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. in fact，

6、more than 50%of first marriages survive. the statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.so is marriage really an outdated institution? the fact that most people still get married indicates that it isnt. and it is also t

7、rue that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and

8、apply it to all of our relationships!詞匯：divorce n.離婚 cohabit v.同居evidence n.證據(jù)，跡象 effectively ad.實際上futurist n.未來主義者 statistics n.統(tǒng)計，統(tǒng)計資料explode v.激增，迅速擴大deceptive adj.迷惑的，騙人的predict v.預(yù)言，預(yù)料，預(yù)報 outdated adj.舊式的，過時的extramarital adj.婚外的 indicate v.表明，暗示gloomy adj.陰暗的;令人沮喪的 consequence n.結(jié)果，后果instituti

9、on n.制度，習(xí)俗 contented adj.滿足的，滿意的outlook n.展望，前景 counterpart n.對應(yīng)的人(或物)pessimistic adj.悲觀的注釋：national family association：美國國家家庭聯(lián)合會練習(xí)：1.which is true about the problem of marriage in the united states today?a)divorce leads to the breakup of the family.b)half of the married couples get divorced.c)ameri

10、can people marry more than four times.d)more and more people are getting divorced.2.what does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?a ) it is not necessary to get married any more.b) women do not need a husband any longer.c) women are not economically dependant any more.d) many wives do

11、 well-paying jobs outside home now.3.why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?a) many people still like to get married.b)the rate of divorce has actually decreased.c)over 50%of the marriages continue to exist.d)the statistics of divorce is not quite true.4.how do people usually

12、 feel in their marriage life?a)they are much healthier.b)they feel no longer single.c)they are more satisfied.d)they suffer a lot less.5.which of the following about marriage is not mentioned in the passage?a)there will be more relationships outside marriage.b)many people try to get married again af

13、ter divorce.c)marriage has long been partly an economical need.d)it is a fact that most people choose to get married.答案與題解：1. d 從第一段里可以了解到選項a與c都是預(yù)計將來會發(fā)生的，而不是如今的情況。b選項與第一段第二句“almost 50%of the marriages end in divorce”不符。第一段第二句里的“the rate of divorce in the united states has exploded”“the evidence sugg

14、ests it is going to get worse”話語正好說明了d選項的情況。2. c 第二段第四句、第五句說得很清楚，婦女們?nèi)缃裨谕夤ぷ髟诮?jīng)濟上不再依賴她們的丈夫，因此覺得無需維持行將失敗的婚姻。3. a 從第二段里可以了解到離婚率并沒有下降而是上升了，因此b選項不對。而c選項與第三段里“in fact，more than 50%of first marriages survive”所說不符，該選項沒有提到是第一次婚姻。同樣，d選項在文中也沒有說到，文中第三段的最后一句只是說統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)具有欺騙性，而沒有說數(shù)據(jù)失實。4. c 文中第四段第三句的后半句說得很清楚，結(jié)了婚的人比單身的人更滿

15、足。a，d選項提到的是實際情況而不是婚后人們的感覺，因此不對。文中并沒有提到選項b所說的情況。5. b a選項在第一段最后一句里提到了，c選項和d選項分別在第二段、第四段里提到了，而b選項卻沒有哪一段具體提到第三十八篇excessive demands on young peoplebeing able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill，but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eig

16、ht and eighteen of the so-called generation m1are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. it argues that，in fact，these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the o

17、ther.some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. at the same time that they are working，young adults are also surfing on the internet，or sending out emails to their friends，and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their ipods2 or on anoth

18、er computer. as some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to int

19、eract with the other people around them. they can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.all this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young peoples performance at university and in the workplace. when asked about their per

20、ception of the impact of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks，the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favour able response.the response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. the former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects late

21、r development of study skills，resulting in a decline in the quality of writing，for example，because of the lack of concentration on task completion. they feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. similarly，employers feel that young people entering the workforce

22、need to be taught all over again，as they have become deskilled.while all this may be true，it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact，too much. praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way todays youth are able to cope despite what the old

23、er generation throw at them.詞匯：excessive adj.過多的，額外 interact vi.交流，溝通，互動multitask vi.同時進(jìn)行多個任務(wù) wizardry n.魔力，法術(shù)supposedly adv.據(jù)認(rèn)為，據(jù)推測hail vt.贊揚 performance n.表現(xiàn)，行為claim vt.聲稱，主張 perception n.認(rèn)識，看法，見解considerable adj.相當(dāng)大的，相當(dāng)多的 impact n.影響，作用gadget n.小巧的機械裝置fritter vt.消耗，浪費 overwhelming adj.壓倒性的juggle

24、vt.耍弄，玩耍 majority n.大多數(shù)electronic device n.電子裝置，電子儀器 academic adj 學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)校的decline n.下降，衰退surf vi.(網(wǎng)上)沖浪，漫游，瀏覽 concentration n.專心，專注indicate vt.表明，指出 remedial adj.補習(xí)的，補救的affect vt.影響 deskilled adj.逐漸失去技能的isolated adj.孤立的，與世隔絕的 due adj.應(yīng)有的，適當(dāng)?shù)淖⑨專?.generation m：m代表multimedia。generation m即“多媒體時代”，是指伴隨著計算

25、機和因特網(wǎng)的普及而成長起來的一代年輕人。他們多出生于1980年之后，熱衷于計算機、因特網(wǎng)、視頻游戲、智能手機。這些新媒體和傳統(tǒng)媒體如電視、印刷品、音響制品結(jié)合起來，使得他們的世界異常豐富多彩?！岸嗝襟w時代”的另一特征就是可以multitask，即多項任務(wù)同時進(jìn)行，如他們可以一邊上網(wǎng)沖浪、一邊聽著音樂、一邊看著電視里的mtv、一邊和朋友短信聊天、同時還做著自己的家庭作業(yè)。2.ipod：美國蘋果公司的一款音樂播放器，除了可以播放mp3音樂外，ipod還可以作為高速移動硬盤使用，可以顯示聯(lián)系人、日歷和任務(wù)，以及閱讀電子書和聆聽有聲電子書以及播客(podcasts)。3.be wrapped up i

26、n注意力完全集中于4.bear in mind記住5.in respect of關(guān)于，就而言練習(xí)：1. according to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking generation m?a)they are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.b)they waste more time than they should save，contrary to common assumptions.c)they should priori

27、tize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.d)they need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.2.with the advent of new gadgets，what will happen to generation ms present e-devices?a)they make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people

28、.b)they are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.c)they become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties.d)they are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.3.how will multitasking affect generation m adversely?a)it m

29、akes them feel lonely and pitiful.b)it makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends.c)it makes them selfish and possessive.d)it makes them impolite and ungrateful.4.what is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities?a)they should adjust their academic attitudes serious

30、ly.b)they should seek psychological professionals for assistance.c)they should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.d)they should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next.5.in dealing with todays youth. what approach should parents take?a) be supportive and u

31、nderstanding.b) be realistic and lower their expectationsc) be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.d) be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.答案與題解：1.b 從第一段第一句話中的“a considerable amount of their time”“fruitless efforts”以及該段最后一句話中的“frittering away as

32、much as”可以進(jìn)行同義替換，waste就是fruitless和fritter的同義詞。2.c從第二段的最后一句話中的“added to the list rather than replacing”可以判斷出，這些年輕人的電子設(shè)備是越來越多，而不是a被取而代之、b被輪流使用、d被出售或交換以便買更新的產(chǎn)品。3.b 答案a是文字游戲，原文中“isolated worlds”應(yīng)該理解為孤立的世界，即獨自alone，而不是孤獨“l(fā)onely”。答案c說他們變得自私和占有欲強，想買更多電子產(chǎn)品，顯然不對。答案d說他們變得不懂禮貌和不知感恩，均是對第三段最后一句話中的“no longer gree

33、t”和“nor can they eat at the family table”的字面理解。答案b是兩個近義詞，重點在性格變化上，變得“若即若離，難以捉摸。4.d 答案a認(rèn)為是態(tài)度問題，把客觀問題主觀化。答案b是誤導(dǎo)選項，試圖用“remedial help”誤導(dǎo)大家聯(lián)想到remedy一詞，故引出psychological professional的曲解。答案c把第五段第一句中的“l(fā)ater development”和“decline in the quality of.”表象化，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該抓緊趕上同學(xué)(catch up)。答案d才是正確答案，問題癥結(jié)在于multitasking難以讓人集中注意

34、力，造成浪費時間、影響表現(xiàn)等后果，這些前文均已提過。5.a答案a把praise替換成了相對隱性的近義詞。答案b只針對最后一段的第一句話，斷章取義。答案c前半部分encouraging還算接近正確答案，后半部分則成了鼓勵“將錯就錯。答案d認(rèn)為應(yīng)采取“聽之任之，順其自然”的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)第四十七篇spoilt for choicechoice，we are given to1 believe，is a right. in daily life，people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to mak

35、e decisions one way or another. in the main2，theseare just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower，or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. but sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have s

36、erious or lifelong repercussions. more complex decision-making is then either avoided，postponed，or put into the hands of the army of professionals，lifestyle coaches，lawyers，advisors，and the like，waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2.but for a good many4 people in the world，in rich and p

37、oor countries，choice is a luxury，not a right. and for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices，the whole system is merely an illusion，created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.the main impact of endless choice in peoples lives is anxiety. buying somethi

38、ng as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness，even paralysis，in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6，or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem

39、and reduce the unease. recent surveys in the united kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. the advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are，nonetheless，satisfied.it is not just their availability that is the problem,

40、 but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7.products also need to have a short 1ifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. t

41、he classic example is computers, which are almost obsolete once they are bought. at first，there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers，but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. this makes selection

42、 a problem. gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing8：no choice，no anxiety.the plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. with the greater mobility of people around the world，people have more choice about where they want to 1ive and work-a fairly r

43、ecent phenomenon. in the past，nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food，adventure，and more hospitable environments. whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history. so the mobility of people is nothing new. the creation of nation states and borders9 effecti

44、vely slowed this process down. but what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.詞匯：spoil vt.使某人掃興 unease n.焦慮，不安irksome adj.令人心煩的 sizeable adj.相當(dāng)大的，頗大的brainpower n.智能 proportion n.部分，比例option n.選擇 shareholder n.股東repercussions n.(常指意料之外的)影響，后果 manufacturer n.制造商，廠家complex adj.復(fù)

45、雜的 nonetheless adv.然而，不過postpone vt.&vi.延遲，延緩 availability n.可獲得性，可使用性professional n.專業(yè)人士adj內(nèi)行的version n.版本coach n.教練員，指導(dǎo) obsolete adj.過時的，被淘汰的luxury n.難得的享受 plethora n.過多，過剩illusion n.幻覺，想象 phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象ware n.商品，貨物 migrate vi.遷徙jmpact n.影響 swathe n.大片土地anxiety n.焦慮，不安 hospitable 有利的，適宜的consumer

46、n.消費者 skip v.跳過induce vt.引起，導(dǎo)致 obese adj.肥胖的paralysis n.麻痹 metabolic adi.新陳代謝的unsuitable adj.不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，不適適宜的 psychiatric adj.精神病的abnormal adj.異常的注釋：1.be given to：傾向于2.in the main：大體上，基本上3. more complex decision-making is then either avoided，postponed，or put into the hands of the army of professionals，lif

47、estyle coaches，lawyers，advisors，and the like，waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee.對于情況更復(fù)雜的決策，人們或者回避、拖延，或者求助于各式各樣的專業(yè)人士-生活方式指導(dǎo)人員、律師、咨詢師等等，而他們也正等著你付費來緩解心理重負(fù)呢。put a in the hands of b由b為a做決策。the like等等，諸如此類的(人或物)。4. a good many：也可說a great many， (用來強調(diào)所指數(shù)量)非常多的。5.and for those who think they a

48、re exercising their right to make choices.the whole system is merely an illusion，created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.對那些自認(rèn)為行使選擇權(quán)的人來說，這整個體制不過是銷售商和廣告商為了賣貨而制造出的一種幻覺而已。exercise ones right行使權(quán)利。6. easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness，e

49、ven paralysis，in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away.購物更便捷，商品更豐富，但這卻讓很多人感到不知所措，甚至麻痹，最后只好放棄挑選，一走了之。access to獲得的渠道。7.hit the shelves：上架，上市8.gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing.那種無它可選，輕松購物的日子一去不復(fù)返了。此句為倒裝句。9. nation states and borde

50、rs：國家和疆域。練習(xí)：1. what is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph?a)the former is a right while the latter is not.b)the latter has more impact on life.c)the former may happen for many times in life.d)t

51、he latter requires a fee.2.when people can not easily decide what to buy，what is the least possible choice?a)give up.b)walk away.c) buy an unsuitable item.d) seek advice.3. why do products have short lifespan nowadays?a)they are more often replaced with better ones.b)they have worse quality.c)they h

52、ave too many versions.d) computer technology advances too fast.4.how does migration differ from the past?a)people now migrate across the whole earth.b)people now migrate for better life.c)people now have more choice about where to migrate.d)people now migrate for better environment.5. which is the b

53、est summary of the writers attitude towards choice in a commercial society?a) more choice，more anxiety.b)better more choice than no choice.c)better no choice than more choice.d) all choice is not easy.答案與題解：1. b根據(jù)文章第一句話，這兩種選擇都是權(quán)利，所以a不對，選項c本身沒錯但文中絲毫未提及，選項d有可能發(fā)生，但不是絕對的。選項b符合but sometimes selecting one

54、 option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions的意思。2. d第二段第三句提到了a、b、c三個選項，只有d沒提到，這正是本題答案。3. a第三段都是在講商家為了銷售更多的商品，不斷推出新產(chǎn)品，老百姓不知不覺更換地更勤，所以一個商品的使用壽命就更短了。4. c其它三個選項都不是新的特點，最后一段第三句話都有涉及。5. a整篇文章都是在論述現(xiàn)代商品社會人們雖然選擇更多了，但焦慮感也多了。其它三個選項文中都有提及，但不能代表作者整體的態(tài)度完型填空新增文章（共3篇）第五篇why people use ps

55、eudonymsyou cant choose the name you are given at birth.but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.of course, most people never change their names 1they feel unhappy about them.however, some people do 2 this course of action-particularly artists! what makes an artist wa

56、nt to change their name? sometimes its for purely 3 reasons, such as the nobel prize winning poet from chile，neflali reyes.he didnt want his father to 4 he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to pablo neruda when he was a young man. 5 other times the reason may appear eccentric;take the case

57、of the portuguese poet fernando pessoa， 6 wrote under 75 different names.the reason?“when i use a different name，i always write in a different way,”he explained.in most cases， 7 ，the reason is for social，historical，political，or cultural reasons.here are some of the most 8 ：the persons real name is just 9 long and difficult to remember.lets be honest， madonna louise ciccone is