2021英語(yǔ)國(guó)家.與文化入門練習(xí)整理

1、英語(yǔ)國(guó)家.與文化入門練習(xí)整理英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門練習(xí)Book1Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）1.The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.2.King Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.3.The Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the only area they did not subdue therein was Scotland.4.Th

2、e most important part of the UK in wealth is England.5.Celts were ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained much of the marshlands and built houses. But they didnt speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own language.6.The real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.7.The English are main

3、ly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.8.Alfred was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.9.English Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.10.William was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.11.The population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the S

4、cottish and the Irish.12.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.13.Scotland occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.14.Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.15.Caelic is mainly spoken in Scotland.16.In 14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.Exercise T

5、wo（Book1 Unit3）1.In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead”supported Oliver Cromwell, while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.2.Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3.The House of Commons is the sou

6、rce of real political power in the United Kingdom.4.The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.5.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.6.James l clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.7.The Prime Minister of Britain was appointed

7、by Queen.8.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch, but ruledby the government.9.The real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.Exercise Three（Book1 Unit4）1.A general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Br

8、irain.（p50）2.With the help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK goverment.（p56）3.The majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.（p58）4.By the House of Commons is a “vote of no confide

9、nce” decided.（p50）5.In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）6.The Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.（p52）7.Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believ

10、ed Privatization; the keeping of law and order; self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the trade unions.8.Margaret Thatcher carried out the economic policy of privatization to revitalize British economy in the 1980s.9.Political change in England came mainly through gradual reform.Exercise Four（B

11、ook1 Unit11）1.As far as the religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland who are loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.2.Celts language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic

12、 of Ireland.3.Christianity was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.4.In 1800, Irish parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of Union was signed, and Ireland was officiallya part of Brirain.5.In 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isac Butt

13、.6.The ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.7.The Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.8.Celts bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.9.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.10.The political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.11.Under the

14、 Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in the British colonial period.Book1 Unit151.The first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788 by the First Fleet.2.The Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia.3.Platypus, kangaroo and koala are unique to th

15、e Australia continent.4.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.5.The Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）6.The first industries that were developed after the settlement were the sealing industries.7.The original natives of Australia are the Ab

16、origines.8.Under the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the “protected reserves”.Book1 Unit161.Anglicanism is one of the many forms of Protestantism.（p258）2.Levels of sports in Australia are high particu

17、larly in both water sports and team sports.3.Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except Catholicism.4.The most popular sport in Australia is football.Book2Exercise 5（Unit1）1.In the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glacie

18、rs.（F）（p3）2.Now most of New Zealands forest has been turned into golf course.（F）（p4）3.In New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）4.Most Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）5.Before Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their own written languages and recorded their

19、history in written form.（F）（p10）6.In 1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）7.New Zealands highest peak is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.（p3）8.New Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and

20、South Island.（p3）9.The Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South Island.（p3）10.Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）11.Nearly three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the North Island.（p6）12.The first European

21、to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.（p10）13.The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown.（p10）14.As the first environmental legislation in the world, the Resource Management Act focuses on the effect of human activities on

22、the environment.（p6）15.Auckland, the countrys largest urban area, is located on the North Island.（p6）16.In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs and Maori grievances.（p9）Unit31.Christopher Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.（F）（p33）2.In 1607,Britain planted

23、 its firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now Virginia.（T）（p35）3.The second President John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than doubled the size of the United States.（F）（p47）4.Thomas Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the Louisiana Purch

24、ase in 1803.5.“All men are created equal” is from the document called The Declaration of Independence.（p42）6.The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States and granted the new nation all the territory north of Florida, South of Canada and east of Miss

25、issipi river.（p42）7.The principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8.The important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that Washington was appointed commander of the army.（p42）9.13 continental states are there at the time of independence of the United Stat

26、es.（p42）10.The U.S.A. is known as a “Melting Pot” for its mixture of nationalities.（p33）11.John Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into Puritanism.（p33）Exercise SixUnit41.American president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the US).2.The practice of judicial

27、review, an important feature of the American legal system is a crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）3.According to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the legislative and the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）4.Most of the bills introduced to the Congress

28、can eventually becomes law. （F）（p54）5.The American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development of American economy.（F）（p57）6.Congress can override the presidents veto by a two-thirds vote.7.Like all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the presid

29、ent and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）8.The role of American presidents includes command the armed forces, negotiate and sign treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.9.In the United States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is heard first before a federal district judge, and then a

30、ppeal may be made to the Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme Court.（p55）10.The most important of the US Supreme Court, known as the power of judicial review consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.11.The Constitution de

31、fines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others.Unit81.According to US laws, American children mu

32、st go to school until they are at least 16 years old.（p119）2.American public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federal government.（F）（p119）3.Religious doctrines can be taught in American public schools.（F）（p119）4.Harvard University was founded in 1636.（p121）5.Junior college in Ame

33、rica is two-year college.（p123）Exercise seven（unit14）I. True or False1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban Crisis.T2. In the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bush ordered the invasion ofIraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in 2003.F（p225）3. The credibility of t

34、he Bush administration was significantly improved when the Saddamregime was found possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD).F（p226）4. Mr. Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American president ever elected in the UShistory.F5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the US w

35、anted to improveits relations with the Muslim world.F（p227）II. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration?CA. Vietnamization.B. Cuban Missile Crisis.C. Watergate Scandal.D. Re-establishing US relations with China.2. The formal diplomatic relation between

36、China and the US was established under President_.AA. NixonB. BushC. CarterD. Reagan3. Who is the founding leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, wildly known as theculprit behind the terrorist attacks on the United States?CA. Adolf Hitler.B. Saddam Hussein.C. Bin Laden.D. Abu Musab al-Zarqa

37、wi.4. Which of the following US administrations launched the first Gulf War?A. The Clinton administration.B. The Bush (Jr.) administration.C. The Obama administration.D. The Bush (Sr.) administration.5. The two Germanys, which had been separated since the end of Word WII, were reunited in_A_.A. 1990

38、B. 1991C. 1989D. 19996. In which of the following year did September 11 Attacks happen in the United States andkill more than 3,000 people?BA. 2000.B. 2001.C. 2002.D. 2003.7. Who was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy in July 2009?CA. Gary F. Locke.B. Maya Lin.C. Stephen ChuD. Elaine Chao

39、.8. Where did President Obama make his historical speech whereby he announced a majorchange in US policy towards the Muslim world?DA. Damascus, Lebanon.B. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.C. Ankara, Turkey.D. Cairo Egypt.III. Blank Filling1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, leavi

40、ng the UnitedStates as the dominant military power.2. Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime change formed the core elements of BushDoctrine.3. By the end of his first year in office, views on Obamas foreign policy record provedmore positive than negative.IV. MatchingMatch the US presiden

41、t with the event that took place in his presidency.Exercise EightI. True or False(Unit 17)1. The Group of Severn refers to a group of painters in the 1900s.F2. Quebec is the largest province in area and population.F3. The first major waves of immigration happened in the first half of the 20th centur

42、y.G(Unit 18)4. Governor Generals represent the Queen of England in Canada and usually serve for oneterm of seven years.F5. British and French political traditions have an important influence on the formation of theCanadian political system.F6. The Senate is also an elected body of men and women, rep

43、resenting four main regions inCanada.F7. In Canada, local governments are subordinate to the provincial governments, andprovincial governments are subordinate to the federal government.F(Unit 19)8. The Mtis played an important role in fur trade between the First people and theEuropeans.T9. The major

44、 economic activity during colonial times was the fur trade.F10. In Canada, immigration remains an explosive political issue.TII. Blank Filling(Unit 17)1. Most of the inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal peoples.2. The western-most province is British Columbia, which has three major moun

45、tain rangesrunning through it, among which the largest one is the Rockies.3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is probably the most famous image of the Canadianlandscape.4. The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.5. The prairies are called Canadas breadbasket be

46、cause the terrain is well-suited to farming.6. Ontario and Quebec are the most densely populated provinces. Over half of Canadaspopulation live in the two provinces.7. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada in 1949.(Unit 18)8. Canadas political system reflects the two major foreign forces

47、 on the historicaldevelopment of the country: Britain and the United States.9. Canadas system of government was based on the British system of parliamentarydemocracy. This is often referred to as “West-minster-style” democracy.10.Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with a

48、British system ofgovernment.11. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house, the House of Commons, and anupper house called the Senate.(Unit 19)12. The Inuit used to be called the non-Indian peoples.13. Canadas aboriginal peoples were forced to live on reserves.14. During the 1930s, the period of the Great Depression, Canadas immigration market wasopen only to Britons and Americans.15. In more recent years, the federal government encouraged Asian immigration, offeringpassports to those with capital and / or entrepreneurial skills, by pa