狀語從句用法總結(jié)(完整),推薦文檔

1、狀語從句什么是狀語？狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。1.Naturally,our grandparentswerepleased to get our phone call.2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,I spend anhourworkinginher house every day 4.Seenfrom adistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.5.Iknowhowto lightacampfirebecause Ihad doneitbefore.狀語的位置比較

2、靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是狀語從句？狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。狀語從句一般由連詞( 從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。根據(jù)其作用狀語從句可分為：1.時(shí)間狀語從句2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.條件狀語從句5.目的狀語從句6.讓步狀語從句7.比較狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.結(jié)果狀語從句狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示 “一般將來時(shí) ”，用 “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示 “將來完成時(shí)”。I willcall you assoonasIarrive inBeijing.Asso

3、onasIhavefinishedthiswork,I willgohome.Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.1 時(shí)間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday ，the instant, immediately,directly,no soonerthan, hardlywhen,scarcelywhenI didn t realizehowspecialmymotherwasun

4、tilIbecame an adult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranaway fromthe orchard( 果園 ),themomenttheysawthe guardNosoonerhad Iarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.表示 “一就 ”除 as soon as 外，還有三類：名詞型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant副詞型 im

5、mediately, directly, instantly；句式型 no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhenThe moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.I came immediately you called.你一給我打電話，我就馬上來。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.我一到家，就開始下雨?！咀⒁狻咳绻?hardly, scarcely或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardly/Scarcely had I got home wh

6、en it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.在時(shí)間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來代替。When,while,as( 一邊 . 一邊 .),after,before, assoonas,since,till/until, by thetime( 到。為止, 所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時(shí))Mozartstartedwriting musicwhen hewasfouryearsold.He visited alotof places wh

7、ilehe wastraveling.He left the classroom afterhe had finishedhishomeworkthe otherday.when, while 和 as 的區(qū)別when 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示 “就在那時(shí) ”, when andthen; at thatmoment 。When she came in, I stopped eating.WhenI livedinthe countryside,I usedtocarrysome water forhim.We were about to

8、leave when he came in.While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while 有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。Whilemy wifewas readingthenewspaper,I was watchingTV.I likeplayingfootball whileyoulikeplaying basketball.As 表示 “一邊一邊 ”， as 引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as 也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。Wealwayssingas we walk.Aswewas goingout,itbegan

9、 tosnow.before和 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句before 的本意為 “在 之前 ”，根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為著還沒就，不知不覺就，才 ”等。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后?！斑€沒來得及/還沒有就，趁Itwillbefourdays before they come back.Einsteinalmostknockedme down before he saw me.Myfatherhadleft forCanadajust before the letter arrived.Theyhadnotbeen married fourmonths before they w

10、ere divorced.Afteryouthink it over, pleaselet me know what youdecide.Afterwehadfinishedthe work,we went home.till或 until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句till和 until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until 。如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。Ididntgotobed until （ till ） my fathercame back.Itwas notuntil the

11、meeting was over thathe began to teach me English.Iworkeduntilhecame back. 我工作到他回來為止。Ididntworkuntilhe came back. 他回來我這才開始工作。由 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在Itis時(shí)間since 從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I havebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.Wherehaveyoubeen sinceI l

12、astsawyou?Itis fouryears sincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。Itis fivemonthssinceourboss was inBeijing. 我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。2地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwherethere arefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.句型 1： Where 地點(diǎn)從句，（there ）主句。Where t

13、here is no rain, farmingisdifficultor impossible.They were good persons. Wheretheywent,theretheywere warmly welcomed.You should have put the book where you foundit.Where theCommunistPartyof China goes, there the people are liberated.句型 2： Anywhere/wherever地點(diǎn)從句，主句。Wherevertheseais, you willfindseamen

14、.3原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since,as, for特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeingthat( 由于，鑒于), nowthat( 既然 ),in that,consideringthat( 考慮到 ), giventhat( 考慮到 ).Myfriendsdislikeme because I mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhas come,let sbeginourconference.Consideringthathe is no morethan 12 yearsold,hisheightof1.80m isquiteremar

15、kable.Seeing that you realready at the door, I suppose I must inviteyou inside.Considering hesonly sixteen year old, he is not fitfor the job.Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the rightcareer for her.because,since,as, for辨析1） because語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見

16、的或已為人們所知，就用as 或since 。I didn t go,because Iwas afraid.Since/Asthe weatherisso bad, wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由 because 引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for 來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for 。Heis absenttoday,becaus e / forhe isill.Hemustbe ill,forhe is absent today.3)as 和for的區(qū)別：通常情況下，as 引導(dǎo)的從句在主句前，for 引導(dǎo)的從句在主

17、句后。Asthe weatheris cold,Istayathome. （同義句）I stayat home,forthe weatheris cold.4目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that,inorderthat特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest,incase,forfearthat ， inthehopethat, forthepurposethat,to theendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryup withtheletterssothathe couldsignthem.Theteacher raisedhisvoiceonpurpose that t

18、he studentsinthe backcouldhear more clearly.5結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：sothat,suchthat,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that,tothe degreethat,tothe extentthat,tosuch a degree that,(such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。)Hegot upso early that he caughtthefirst bus.It suchagood chance that we mustnotmiss it.Tosuchadegree was he excitedth

19、athecouldn t sleep last night.6條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if,unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so longas, onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingse that,on conditionthatWell startourprojectifthe presidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedso longas youkeepon trying.Providedthatthereis no opposition,weshallholdthe meetinghere.that,in ca條

20、件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句一樣，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來替代。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?7讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though,although, even if,eventhough特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)， while (一般用在句首)， nomatter， inspite ofthefact that, while,whatev

21、er, whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Icant agreeto hisproposal.Theold man alwaysenjoys swimmingeventhough the weather is rough.Nomatterhow hardhe tried, she couldnotchange her mind.as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、 副詞、 分詞、 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前） 。Childas/though hewas,he

22、knew whatwasthe right thingto do.= Thoughhe wasasmallchild, he knew what was the right thing todo.注意：a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。Try hardashewill, henever seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,he never seemsnomatterwho= whoevernomatterwhen=wh

23、enevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whicheverno matterhow= however注意： no matter不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。（錯(cuò)） No matter what you say isof no use now.（對(duì)） Whateveryou say is of nouse now.（錯(cuò)） Prisonershave to eat no matterwhat they regiven,（對(duì)） Prisonershave to eat whateverthey re given.8比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較),t

24、han( 不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：themorethe more; justas， so ; A is to B what /asX is to Y;nomore than;not A so much as BSheisas bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, thehealthier youwillbe.Foodis to men what oilisto machine.nomorethan只不過 (嫌少的意思)notmorethan 不如。(前者不如后者 )Ihavenomore thantwopens.It nosmo

25、re thana miletothe shops.Jackis notmorediligentthan John.oneofthe+名詞 (復(fù)數(shù) ) .之一 (用于最高級(jí) )HanMeiisone of the beststudents inour school.9方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, (ju st)asso , as if/though(正如 ， 就像 )特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWheninRome,do as theRomando.She behavedas ifshe werethe boss.Sometimeswe teach ourchildrenthewayourpar

26、entshavetaughtus.as if,as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的 ，好像 似的 They completely He looks as ifignorethese factsas if(as though)theyneverexisted.(as though)he had been hitbylighting.狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it ；從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be 的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞?？?/p>

27、省略。When ( the museum is ) completed,themuseumwillbeopen to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside forhisholidayif(itis)possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。I mtallertha nhe (is tall).The higherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).狀語從句的 省略 現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:由if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;由although,though,evenif

28、/ though 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;由when,while,as, before,after,until/ till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;由as, as if 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;由 as, than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作歸納。(1) 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it, 且謂語動(dòng)詞是be 時(shí) ,it和 be 要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。If (itis)possible,hewill help yououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeeting unless(itis)inconvenienttoyou(2) 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí),從句可以將主語和be 動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞 + 形容詞As (he was)you