定語(yǔ)從句歸納總結(jié)

1、定語(yǔ)從句歸納總結(jié) 定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后進(jìn)行修飾限 定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。被修飾的詞 叫先行詞。 1. 定語(yǔ)從句的定義：用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。 3. 定語(yǔ)從句的位置：緊跟先行詞之后。 4. 引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞。 關(guān)系代詞： that/who/whom/which/as 關(guān)系副詞： when/where/why 5. 引導(dǎo)詞的位置：位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。 【as 除外】 6. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能： 連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 7. 定語(yǔ)從句的類型： 限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從

2、句 The man who you re talking to is my friend. 由介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo) The man to whom you re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man abo

3、ut whomI talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 由介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of

4、 which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. 由“代詞 / 名詞 +of+whom/which ”或“ of which/ whom +名詞/ 代詞” (先行詞指 人用 whom,指物用 which)引導(dǎo)。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either 等詞、 數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與 o

5、f whom 或 of which 連用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. ( 比較： He has five children, and two of them are abroad.) We have three books, none of which is/are interesting. ( 比較： Wehave three books, but none of them is/are interesting.) 除 why 和 that 不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句外，其余引 導(dǎo)詞都可以，用法同限定性定語(yǔ)從句一樣。但要注意以下

6、區(qū) 別。 1. 在形式上非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句有逗號(hào)隔開。 2. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用：它只是補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的 情況，翻譯時(shí)可譯成兩個(gè)句子。 The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital. 3. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，任何引導(dǎo)詞都不能省略。指 人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用 who, 做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用 whom; 指物做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)都用 which; 關(guān)系副詞用 when 或 where

7、，也不能省略。 The man, is sitting on the chair, is my father. The woman, I met yesterday, is my English teacher. The city, is far away, is very beautiful. He went to America, his parents live. He joined the Army yesterday, I left, too. 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句： The house, whose window faces south, is mine. =The house,

8、the window of which faces south, is mine. =The house, of which the window faces south, is mine. /that 指人是主格在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞，又作定語(yǔ) 從句的主語(yǔ)，不能省略。 Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there? /who/that 指人是賓格，在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞，又 作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)作動(dòng)賓時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。 Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just no

9、w? 當(dāng)作介賓時(shí)： 介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略； 介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省，即介詞+whom指人時(shí) 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom)。 The man(whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher. The man with whom I spoke is my teacher. 注：固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如look for, take care of等 不能把動(dòng)詞與介詞拆開，既介詞不能提至引導(dǎo)詞前。 She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for. :指人或物，是所有格“，的”形式。 Whos

10、e+n.起在 定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)即先行詞的什么東西怎樣了， whose 不能省略。 。 Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n. I didn t find the desk whose leg was broken. He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. The boss in whose company I work is very kind. /that 指物，指代先行詞且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)作動(dòng)賓時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。 當(dāng)作介賓時(shí)： 介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略； 介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省，即介詞 which( 指物時(shí) 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which) 。 The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine. The games