小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義 名詞復(fù)習(xí) 名詞的分類(lèi) 一、可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)： a.有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 b. 能用a, an, c. 數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾 d. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等詞語(yǔ)修飾 二、可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 1. 大多數(shù)名詞是在詞尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, mo

2、nths 2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc. 3. 以“o”結(jié)尾，有（生命）的加-es, 有的加-s potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos 4. 輔音字母y結(jié)尾，去y，ies factories, countries, ladies, citie

3、s, batteries 元音字母y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys 5. 以f, fe結(jié)尾，去f, fe, ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf ? leaves, life ? lives， wolf ? wolves wife ? wives half ? halves, thief ? thieves loaf ? loaves 1 handkerchief ? handkerchiefs, handkerchieves 三、可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化 man

4、? men, woman ?women, policeman ?policemen, foot?feet, tooth ? teeth, child?children, mouse?mice, goose ? geese 鵝sheep?sheep, deer?deer, Chinese ? Chinese, Japanese ? Japanese, Swiss? Swiss ox ?oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means ?means 四、名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)： 1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)： many, few, a few, a great num

5、ber of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 數(shù)詞,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of dozens of, scores of 2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)： much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of VI. 關(guān)于名詞數(shù)的注意點(diǎn)： 1.

6、名詞作定語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag 但也有用復(fù)數(shù)的： sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, talks table, the foreign languages department 2. 有些名詞在某些習(xí)慣性用法中，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式： 2 shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change

7、seats 五、名詞所有格 1有生命的s Marys, fathers, the boys books, anybody elses advice, each others mistakes, 2. 詞尾是-s 或-es的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“” the teachers office, the workers tools，twenty minutes walk 3. 詞尾沒(méi)有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則加“s”來(lái)表示。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs 4. s 也可用于時(shí)間，距離，天體，國(guó)名，地名 a two-hour ride, in two wee

8、ks time, todays newspaper, two hours ride, twenty minutes walk 5.如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“s”. This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. 如果不共有，則兩個(gè)名詞后面都加“s”. These are Bills and Toms bikes. 代詞復(fù)習(xí) 1、人稱(chēng)代詞 （1） 人稱(chēng)代詞的分類(lèi) 人稱(chēng)代詞分為主格和賓格兩種形式。 人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱(chēng) I me we us you you you you 第二人稱(chēng)him they he 第三人稱(chēng) them 3

9、 her sheitit (2)人稱(chēng)代詞的用法： 主格人稱(chēng)代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)。 She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一樣聰明。 We all like English very much.我們都很喜歡英語(yǔ)。 我我喜歡音樂(lè)。 I like music. 賓格人稱(chēng)代詞在句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我們常在星期六去看她。 即景活用：Miss Lin teaches _English this term. -You are lucky ._is a very good teacher. C

10、.us,She D. ours; He B.us; He A.our She 本題考查人稱(chēng)代詞主格與賓格的用法區(qū)別。第一個(gè)空在動(dòng)詞:答案:C點(diǎn)撥第二個(gè)空在句中作主語(yǔ)，故用主格，且性別上應(yīng);teaches后作賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格 相對(duì)應(yīng)。 Lin與Miss )Im going skating. Would you like to go with _? 北京(2008.A.meB. I C. my D. mine 是介詞，介詞后的代飼用賓格形式，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 :with答案:A點(diǎn)撥 ，物主代詞2 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。 他們的 它的 我們的你們的/ 類(lèi)型 詞義我的 你的他的/

11、她的my your our their 形容詞性物主代詞your His/her/its His/hers/its theirs mine yours 名詞性物主代詞 ours yours 物主代詞具有形容詞的的特征，后面接名詞。容詞性的 1（）形: 4 Our school is not far from here. 我們的學(xué)校肉這兒不遠(yuǎn)。 My father and mother are teachers. They like their work. （2)名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 This is not my pen. Mine is red. 這不是

12、我的鋼筆。我的是紅色的。 I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours. 我的詞典丟了。請(qǐng)把你的借我用一下。Do you know Alice? Yes. I know_very well. 一 B. her C. hersel f D. hers A. she 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的定義和分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要是用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生 定義一、 時(shí)態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單地理解就是時(shí)有具體時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)形式，這就是英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。（時(shí)間）態(tài)（動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，另外就是動(dòng)詞的形態(tài) 二、動(dòng)詞的基本形態(tài)（或形式）：動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，過(guò)去式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去

13、分詞 動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi) 賓語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞雙賓語(yǔ) 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 be, seem, sound, turn, become系動(dòng)詞 等表語(yǔ)+ 5 +doing be 動(dòng)+done助動(dòng)donehavebeen +doingdo, does, did動(dòng)詞原Will, shall, would, should may, can, must, might, could情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 用法 例句 表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作He goes to school by bike every day. 每天騎自行車(chē)上學(xué) The pen is in the bag. 鋼筆在書(shū)包里。表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)特征一

14、般地球the sun. The earth moves around 表示客觀真理 圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。I will call you as soon as I get there. 一到達(dá)那里就給你電話(huà)。飛機(jī)九點(diǎn)起The plane takes off at nine. 飛。factory in 1986. in He worked a 1986年他在一家工廠工作。 They will appear later. 現(xiàn)在 時(shí) 表示將來(lái)（在時(shí)間，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中；在時(shí)刻表等計(jì)劃中）般一表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，去過(guò)存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作時(shí) 我 6 表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)一般將來(lái)作或狀態(tài)時(shí) 他

15、們稍晚會(huì)露面。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。 表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 We are having an English lesson now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語(yǔ)課。 m reviewing English these days. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 I在現(xiàn) 近來(lái)我在復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。行進(jìn) She is always helping people. 表示贊揚(yáng)，厭煩等感情色彩（與 時(shí) （贊揚(yáng)） 她總是樂(lè)于助人。always, continually等連用） 表示預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常We are leaving on Friday. 我們星期五出發(fā)。 代表將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)

16、） 時(shí)態(tài)分述 （一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). ,習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)1.定義:表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性 He goes to school on foot. a.b. He is seven years old. c.The light travels faster than the sound. : 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式2. 主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 二人稱(chēng) 第一, (works) (work) 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)動(dòng)詞用原形動(dòng)詞（如 work) 問(wèn)dont work 否定: Do.work 提問(wèn)定:(doesnt 提否 work) Does.work : 7 be 用am are 主語(yǔ)是

17、I is am 提問(wèn)（Are/ Am.) 否定（are / not) 否定：is not 主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞變化的形式和方法與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法基本一 樣： 如：works, runs, likes ）在動(dòng)詞原形后加 -s , （1does, goes, 如：teaches, 或-o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞， 加-es, -s, （2）以-x, -ch, -sh washes studies, flies, carries. -es, 如：結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變i再加（3）以輔音字母+y have -has; be- is ）不規(guī)則變化，如：（4等時(shí)間）標(biāo)志詞：如果句中有always, sometime

18、s, often, usually, every day 2 詞時(shí)，這個(gè)句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：a. He goes to school every day. b. He is often late for school. c. The earth moves around the sun. 用法：3.often, ）表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，1 等。always, usually, never （每天都一樣） 我每天走路去上班。 I go to work on foot every day. ）表示興趣，愛(ài)好，所屬關(guān)系等。2 她喜歡跳舞。（興趣愛(ài)好） Sh

19、e likes dancing. （所屬關(guān)系） I have a football. 我有一個(gè)足球。 處所等。 3）標(biāo)識(shí)性質(zhì)，特征，（包括外貌，年齡，高矮，來(lái)歷等）， （年齡）12She is 12 years old. 她歲。 8 The hospital is next to our school. 醫(yī)院在我們學(xué)校旁邊。（處所） 4）標(biāo)識(shí)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)，格言或警句。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國(guó)的東部。 Pride goes before a f

20、all. 驕者必?cái)　?.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) members of the Reading Club. 3. She and I （take）a walk together every evening. 4. There (be) some water in the bottle. 5. We (not watch) TV on weekdays. 6. Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays. 7. they (like) the

21、 World Cup? 8. What they usually (do) on holidays? 9. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 10. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. .按照要求改寫(xiě)句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) Daniel TV every evening. 2. I do my homework every day .(改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答) you homework every day？ No, I . 3.

22、 She likes milk.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定回答） _she milk? Yes, she . 9 二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。 1. Where (be) John and Jack from? 2. His favorite subjects (be) P.E. and music. 3. His pen pal (live) in Toronto. 4. he (have) any sisters? 5. Ben can (speak) English and Spanish. 6. Her brother (not play) sports every day, he o

23、nly (watch) them on TV. 7. My patents want (go) shopping on Sunday. 8. She likes (play) computer games. （二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1） 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. c. He was a student in 2000. 構(gòu)成： 用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下： 1）、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化 一般情況 +ed +d e以字母結(jié)尾的

24、輔音去y變結(jié)尾 ied y以輔音字母+ed 雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，需要記憶。2) 10 式問(wèn) 式 疑 肯 定 式 否 定 主 語(yǔ)studenyou a student. Were I was I was a student. not a 第 t. 一、notwereWe/You/ They We/You/ They were you/ they Were students. students. 二人 students? a He/ She was He/ She was not a 稱(chēng)和 student. student. a he/ Wa

25、s she 第三 student? You/ / I They/ I / You/ likedWe/ They/ 人稱(chēng) music. like they Did like didnt music.you/ music? 復(fù)數(shù) people liked Many like Many people didnt music. people music. Did many 以及music? like 名詞 復(fù)數(shù) ，yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now 標(biāo)志性的詞：等2） 昨天我在街上看見(jiàn)他了。例如：I saw him in the

26、 street yesterday. Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。 練習(xí)一：用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk. 2. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night? 3. I_(be) tired yesterday. 4. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year. 5. What _ you _ (do) at eight oclock last night?6. My

27、grandfather _ (leave) Hongkong for New York in 1998. 11 7. What _ you _ (do) this time yesterday? 練習(xí)二：?jiǎn)芜x ( ) 1. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday? A. Do , get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up ( )2. What did you see _? A. now B. every day C. since 1990 D. just now ( ) 3. He went into the

28、room and _ the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked ( ) 4. -What _ you _ last week? - I bought a bag. A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought ( ) 5. -_ he _ his lunch? - Yes, he did. A. Have , had B. Had, has C. Did, have D. Did, had （三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （1）定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?？梢员硎居杏?jì)劃

29、的未來(lái)，也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 （2）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù) I+am+doing+sth. 第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) We+are+doing +sth. 第二人稱(chēng)單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+doing+sth. 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) He（She，it）+is+doing+sth. 第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) They+are+doing +sth. 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be（is/am/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（is/am/are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問(wèn)句:be（is/am/are）+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞 12 （3）現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則 1.直接+ ing(

30、例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+ing(例：si t+t+ing sitting) (4) 基本用法： A 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you. He is reading. They are talking now. B. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)

31、 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。E.g. They are working these days. D.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀色彩。 例：You are always changing your mind. 【實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)講解和分析：】 一、把下列詞匯變成ing形式 1.work_ sing_ play_ study_ 2.dance_ have_ write_ take_ 3.run_ sit_

32、 shop_ swim_ 13 二、用詞語(yǔ)的恰當(dāng)形式填空 1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy_ (put) the rubbish into the bin. 4. _he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_ (play). 5. Where is Mark? He_ (run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_ (sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_ (sing) there. 7. She _ (go) to school at eight oclock. 8. Its six oclock. They are _ supper. (eat) 9. He usually _ up at 17:00.(get ) 10. She _ (live) in Beijing. 11. Sally _ (be) here now. 12. _ (be)there a fly (蒼蠅) on the table ? 13. They are _ (dig) a