(word完整版)初二初中英語句子成分講解_練習(xí)及答案

1、 句子成分及基本句型一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語）（2）he reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語）（3）smoking is harmful to the health. （動(dòng)名詞作主語）（4）to swim in kunming lake is a great

2、 pleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）what we should do is not yet decided. （主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞 。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。如：his parents are teachers.we study hard. （行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）we dont finish reading the book. （助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）he can speak english. （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）賓語是動(dòng)作、

3、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。she is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語）she says（that）she is ill.（賓語從句作動(dòng)詞賓語）we often help him.（代詞作賓語）he likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）we enjoy listening to the music. 我們喜歡聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）說明 1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代

4、詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語；動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明 2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give, show（給看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）our teacher tells us a story.（2）the sun gives us light.間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介

5、詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promis（e 答應(yīng)）, refuse（拒絕）等。1 間接賓語加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay 等（1）i give him a book.（2）he passes me the book.（他將書遞給我。）（3）he writes me a letter. 改成：改成：改成：改成：改成：（4）he

6、will buy me some books.（5）she is making me a cake.（四）賓語補(bǔ)足語在賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分 ，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：they make her happy.（形容詞）i see her dance.（不定式）well helpyou to make the olympics a success.（名詞）please let him in.（副詞）we heard her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說

7、明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：i am a teacher.（名詞）he is always happy.（形容詞）they are on the playground now.（介詞短語）it gets cold.（形容詞）be 動(dòng)詞（am，is，are, was, were）系動(dòng)詞 表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改變（get， become， turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來）如：it s

8、ounds interesting.（sound 為系動(dòng)詞，interesting 為表語）we should all remain careful. remain（為系動(dòng)詞， careful 為表語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：the black bike is mine.（形容詞）whats your name?（代詞）they make paper flowers.（名詞）說明 1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything,

9、 something等時(shí)，定語在不定代詞后面。如：i tell him something interesting. （形容詞 interesting 作不定代詞 something 的后置定語）he has something to do.（to do 為不定式作后置定語）說明 2：短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：the boys in the room are in class four. （in the room 是介詞短語作 the boys 的后置定語。）2 （七）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、

10、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：he did it carefully.（副詞）we often help him.（副詞）her mother goes out to do some shopping on sunday.（介詞短語）when i grow up, i am going to be a teacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語）he sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）【簡單句的五種基本句型】a. 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(主謂)如：the sun rises. 太陽升起來。the car stopped. 小汽車停下來了。rise 和

11、stop 都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。b. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(主謂賓)如：i love my country.c. 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(主系表)如：her brother is a driver.he helps me.i like action movies.i buy a book.we feel happy.（feel 為系動(dòng)詞，表示感到）it gets dark.天黑了。（get 為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）tom looks ill. tom看上去病了。（look 為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來）d. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）(主謂+直賓+間賓)如：he giv

12、es tom a present.（雙賓語）他給湯姆一件禮物。mother make a new dress for me.（雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。e. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))如：they call her mary.（賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她 mary。we make our classroom clean and tidy（. 賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。he always makes us laugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。二、 典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. lily is cleaning the desk now.2. her garden

13、is the best in our town.3. liu ming is thirteen years old.4. i like this book very much.5. the girl on the blue bike is janes sister.6. she didnt come to my party because she was ill.3 7. wang ping does his homework carefully.8. we will go to the childrens palaocnece a week.9. they are in the classr

14、oom.10. it sounds good.11. his name is paul.12. we always go to school early.三、 課后練習(xí)(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語 my brother doesnt do his homework.abcd people all over the world speak english.abcd you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.abcd how many new words do you learn ?a b c d some of the students i

15、n the school want to go swimming, how about you?abcd(二) 挑出下列句中的表語 the old man is feeling very tired.abcd why is he worried about jim?a b the leaves have turned yellow.cdabcd soon they all become interested in the subject.abcd she is the first to learn about it.a b(三) 挑出下列句中的定語 they use mr. mrs. with

16、 the family name.cdabcd what is your given name?a b on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.b c i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.cdadabcd the man downstairs was trying to sleep.abcd（四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語4 she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.abcd he ask

17、s her to take the boy out of school.a b she find it difficult to do the work.a b c they call me lily sometimes.a b ci saw mr. wang get on the bus.a b(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語there is a big smile on her face.cdddcdabcdevery night he heard the noise upstairs.abcd he began to learn english when he was eleven.abcdt

18、he man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.abcdwith the medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off.ab cd典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. 主，謂，賓，狀3. 表2. 定，狀4. 謂，賓，狀6. 謂，狀8. 謂，狀10. 表5. 定，定7. 謂，賓，狀9. 表11. 定，表12. 狀，狀課后練習(xí)(三) d d b a b (四) d b d c b(五) c c a b b (六) c c c c d(七) d a d d a (八) us, 間接賓語 a stor

19、y, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語初中英語語法賓語從句講解，專項(xiàng)練習(xí)及答案賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；5 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化 that 引，一般疑問句用 if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。一、基本講解1 概念:在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。 eg,he said he was good at

20、drawing. (動(dòng)詞賓語)he asks him how long mike has been down . (動(dòng)詞賓語)miss zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)2.連接詞(1) .陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用 that,口語中常常省略。e.g, she told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序eg, i wonder if /whether u have told

21、the new to li lei .注意：一般情況下，whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外。a. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用 ifeg, we are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或not 連用時(shí)， 只用whether.eg, please let me know what to do next.could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if 當(dāng)如果講時(shí)， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時(shí)不能用whether.(3).特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)

22、，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。e.g. could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情況：當(dāng) do you think 后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do youthink陳述句語序。3.賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)a.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句不受主句的限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。例如：i didnt know （if/whether he h

23、ad seen the film.）注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：he said （that the earth moves round the sun.）the teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用6 a.從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：(一主二賓三不變)“may i use your knife？”he aske

24、d me.he asked me if he might use my knife.“do you know her telephone number？”he asked me.he asked me if i know her telephone number.b. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問句，用問號(hào)。如：who will give us a talk? i dont know. i dont know who will give us a talk.do you know？where does he live? do you know where he

25、lives?二、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：she agreed that she could help me with my maths.she agreed to help me with my maths.2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時(shí)，主從句的主語也須一致這時(shí)從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：i dont know which sweate

26、r i should buy.i dont know which sweater to buy.3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時(shí)，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時(shí)，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”,或者在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶

27、to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如：she found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.she found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.賓語從句專項(xiàng)習(xí)題鞏固練習(xí)1.have you decided _for australia?a. when will you leavec. you will leave whenb. when do you leaved. when you will leave2.can you tell me _ ?a. where does tom live b. wh

28、ere tom lived c. tom lives where d. where tom lives3.the old man asked me _ .a. where was the cinemac. where the cinema wasb. where is the cinemad. where was the way to the cinema4.i think _ you will like him. a. that b. ifc. whyd. how5.i didnt know _ he will come or not. a. that b. whether c. weath

29、er d. how6.i wonder _ .a. how much cost these shoesc. how much these shoes costb. how much do these shoes costd. how much are these shoes cost7.she asked me _ . a. who he was b. who was he c. who is he d. who he is8.ask him _.7 a. whose cup this is b. whose cup is this c. this is whose cup d. whose

30、is this cup9.i dont know _ .a. what time the movie startsc. the time to start the movieb. what time starts the movied. the movie what time starts10.the doctor asked me how long _ .a. was i illb. have i been ill c. i have been ill d. i had been ill11.the weather forecast doesnt say _.a. if it rains t

31、omorrowc. if it will rain tomorrow12.do you know _?a. whose pen is thisb. if does it rain tomorrowd. if will it rain tomorrowb. whose pen this isc. whom does the pen belong to d. whom the pen belong to13.could you tell me where _?a. the tape wasb. was the tapec. the tape isd. is the tape14.they want

32、 to know _?a. where is the hospital b. how old are youc. when the train will leave d. why is the boy crying15.tony wanted to know _.a. what had father christmas put in his stockingb. when father christmas had put in his stockingc. what father christmas had put in his stockingd. where father christma

33、s had put in his stocking16.no one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.a. when b. whether c. where d. if17.july didnt know_.a. where is tims fatherc. who the old man isb. when was the first watch maded. what was wrong with her watch18.no one told us _, so

34、we need your help.a. how should we do b. what we should do c. what to do d. what should we do19.we dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.a. how do itb. how to doc. what do itd. what to do20.he asked me _.a. whether i find out the sender of the moneyb. whether did i find out t

35、he sender of the moneyc. whether the sender of the money found outd. whether i found out the sender of the money21. did you hear _? a. what did i say b. what i said c. i said what d. what i say22. can you tell me _?a. which class you are inc. you are in which classb. which class are you ind. are you

36、 in which class23. -excuse me. could you tell me _? - certainly.a. when can i get to the stationc. which station can i get tob. i can get to which stationd. how i can get to the station24. could you tell me where _ yesterday?a. did you go b. you go c. you have gone25. tom asked me _.d. you wenta. wh

37、ose shirt was this b. whose shirt this wasc. who shirt was this d. who shirt this was26. excuse me, could you tell me _?a. wheres the teachers officec. whats she doingb. wheres the bus stationd. where the post office is27. i want to see mrs. wang , but i dont know _.a. she lives where b. she where l

38、ives c. where she lives28. - go and ask mr. white for help. -but i dont know _.d. where does she live8 a. where does he livec. where is he livingb. where he livesd. he lives there29. - can you tell me _? - yes, he lives in a small town.a. where he livesb. who is singingc. when he will leave d. what

39、he said30. have you decided _ for london?a. when will you leavec. when are you goingb. when you will leaved. when you are going31. excuse me. could you tell me _our tickets?a. where do we show b. where shall we show c. where did we show d. where we shall show32. - what are you interested in about co

40、oking food? - we are all interested in _.a. how egg is friedb. how is egg friedc. how egg friesd. how does egg fry33. do you know _? a. what it is b. what is it c. who is he d. whose name is it34. do you know _?a. whose book is this b. whose book this is c. this book is whose35. i dont know _ now.d.

41、 whos book this isa. where is my catb. my cat is where c. where my cat isd. where my cat36. does he know _?a. whats your name b. what name is your c. what your is name d. what your name is37. do you know _?a. which floor he livesb. which floor he lives onc. he lives on which floord. which floor does

42、 he lives on38. tell me where _? a. is the hospital b. the hospital is c. is hospital d. hospital is39. he hasnt decided _.a. if hell go on a trip to wu xic. if he goes on a trip to wu xi40. can you see _?b. when will he go on a trip to wu xid. when does he go on a trip to wu xia. what hes reading b

43、. what is he reading c. what does he read d. he reads what點(diǎn)擊中考1. some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _.a. when ufos will appear next timec. where was this kind of plant foundb. why do horses know the wayd. how do elephants communicate2. -what time will mr. brown

44、be back to china?-sorry. i dont know _.a. when did he go abroadc. how soon will he be back.b. why he is going abroadd. how long he will stay abroad3. -may i come in ? im sorry i am late.-come in, please. but could you please tell me _. ?a. why you are late againc. who you talked withb. what were you

45、 doing thend. how do you come to school4. -could you please tell me _. ?-bus no.32 will take you right there.a. where is henan museumb. what henan museum is likec. how can i get to henan museumd. which bus i shall take to henan museum5. peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one knows _.

46、.a. where they have beenc. where are they fromb. where are theyd. where they have gone6. -do you know _. the capital museum? -next friday.a. when will they visitc. when did they visitb. when they will visitd. when they visited7. he wanted to know _.the english party.a. when will we have b. when we w

47、ill havec. when would we have d. when we would have8. i want to know _. .9 a. when we should arrive at the airportc. when the airport we should arrive atb. when should we arrive at the airportd. when the airport should we arrive at9.-david, look at the man in white over there. can you tell me _. ?-h

48、e is a doctor.a. who is he b. who he isc. what is hed. what he is10. -could you tell me _. ? he is wanted by the head teacher.-sorry, ive no idea. but he _ here just now.a. where tim; was b. where is tim; was c. where tim is; was d. where tim is; is11. -did mrs. king leave a message?-yes. she wanted

49、 to know _ this sunday.a. who you would go shoppingc. that you will go shoppingb. if you would go shopping with herd. when will you go shopping with her12.-im a teenagers mother. sometimes i dont know.-love and understanding.a. what my son needs mostb. what does my son want to getc. why my son gets

50、annoyed very oftend. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. -i wonder _. without water -about a week.a. how long man can livec. when man can liveb. how long can man lived. when can man live賓語從句鞏固練習(xí)參考答案1.參考答案 d 你決定什么時(shí)候去澳大利亞了嗎？賓語從句用陳述語序。2. 參考答案 d 賓語從句用陳述語序，where 作從句的賓語。3. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序，where 表示

51、地點(diǎn)。4. 參考答案 a if 表示選擇，我想你是否將喜歡他。5. 參考答案 b 有 or not， 所以用 whether.6. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序.7. 參考答案 a 賓語從句用陳述語序,who 作從句的賓語。8. 參考答案 a whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語。9. 參考答案 a 賓語從句用陳述語序。10. 參考答案 d 主句是過去時(shí)，從句也要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，醫(yī)生問我之前我已經(jīng)病了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。11. 參考答案 c if 連接賓語從句，賓語從句用陳述語序。12. 參考答案 b whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語

52、。13. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序。14. 參考答案 c 賓語從句用陳述語序，時(shí)態(tài)不受限制。15. 參考答案 c 主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭フQ老人是之前就把禮物放進(jìn)襪子里了，所以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。16. 參考答案 b 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 參考答案 d 賓語從句用陳述語序, 主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。18. 參考答案 b 沒有人告訴我們應(yīng)該做什么，所以我們需要你的幫助。賓語從句用陳述語序，如果選b 就是沒有人做什么，us 后面是賓語從句，而 us 是賓格不能作從句的主語，所以 c 選項(xiàng)缺少賓語從句的主語，應(yīng)選 b.19. 參考答案 d 我們不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陸地和海洋。what 做 to do 的賓語。20. 參考答案 d 賓語從句用陳述語序，他問我是否我能找出寄錢的人，主句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。21. 參考答案 b 賓語從句用陳述語序，what 作從句的賓語。22. 參考答案 a 賓語從句用陳述語序，哪一個(gè)班，所以用 which class.10 23. 參考答案 d