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1、優(yōu)品課件 高考語法專題:定語從句 高考語法專題:定語從句 考綱新研讀 考查的重點是介詞+關(guān)系代詞 which,whon引導(dǎo)的定語從句;非限制性定語從句也時有考查。1. 限制性定語從句 句子作定語,由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),被修飾 部 分叫先行詞。(1)關(guān)系代詞:that, which, who, whom, whose, 在句子中 作主語或賓語,作賓語時可省略。that,指人或物:Whois the man that is read ing the n ewspaper over there? The fin ger (that) I put into my mouth was not the
2、 one (that) I had dipped into the cup. which, 指物: A chemical s shop is a shop which sells medicine.( 作主語)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作賓語)who, whom, whose,指人,分別做主語、賓語和 定語: The man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster. Who s the man (whom) you just talked to? Thi
3、s is the room whose window faces south.介詞后指人用 whom指物用 which。介詞可提前,也可在后;在后時可用who, that,也可省略: This is the room in which we lived last year. = This is the room (which/that) we lived in last year. Who s the man with whom you just shook hands?= Wh6 s the man(who/whom/that) you just shook hands with? 但是固定
4、搭配,介詞不能提前:Is this the book which she was looking for? (2)關(guān)系畐U詞: when, where, why, 在 定語從句中分別作時間、地點 和原因狀語。when,指時間:I still remember the day whe n (on which) I first came to Beiji ng.比 較:I still remember the day that I spent in Beijing. where, 指地點: This is the house where (in which) I lived two years a
5、go.比較:This is the house that I bought two years ago. why, 指原因:在“ reason”后: The reason why he waslate is that the car broke down on the way. 比較: The reason that he gave us is not reason able. (3)the same.as; such.as弓丨導(dǎo)的定語從句: This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. You should pay more attention to s
6、uch mistakes as you madelast time. This is such an in teresti ng book as every one likes to read. (4)定語從句典 例: Li Hua is one of the boys who are n ever late for school. (who指boys)李華是從不遲到的男孩之一。Li Huais the only one of the boys who is never late for school. (who指 one) 李華是 男孩中唯一從不遲到的。Is this new teach i
7、ng buildi ng the one you visited last night?(變?yōu)殛愂鼍浜?,is 移到 building 之后。) Is this the new teachi ng buildi ng you visited last ni ght?(變 為陳述句后,is 移到 this 之后。)Whois the manthat is talking with our teacher?(為避免重復(fù),用that不用who) (5)定語從句 應(yīng)注意的幾點:A. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 的區(qū)別: The fact that we talked about i
8、s very important. (that 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that作賓語,可省略。)The fact that the Chi nese inven ted the compass is known to all. (that引導(dǎo)的是 同位語從句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子介紹的是fact的具 體內(nèi)容。)B.用that不用which :兩者都可表物,大部分情況可通 用,但下 列情況例外:先行詞為all, few, much, little, nothing, everything,anything 等: All that must be done has been done. T
9、here is little that I can do for you. 先行詞被 all, few, little, any, the very, the only, first,sec on d, last 或形容詞的最高 級修飾時:That s the only thing that we can do now. This is the best novel that I have ever read.先行詞既有人也有物時: My father and his teacher talked of things and persons (that) they remembered in
10、the school. C. 用 which 不用 that :指物,在 介詞后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句:I ll never forget the da y on which I joined the army. That was the way (in which) she looked after us. Football, which is a very interestinggame, is played all over the world. 2.非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句是先行 詞不可缺少的定語,而非限制性定語從句 只是附加說明,如果去掉, 主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定語從
11、句用逗號與主句隔開,由which, who, whom, whose, where, when、 等引導(dǎo):His brother, who is a PLAman, wrote to him.(只有一個哥哥)His brother who is a PLA man wrote to him.( 不只一個哥哥 )Football, which is a very interestinggame, is played all over the world. We II put off the outing until next week, when we won t beso busy. He t
12、ook out a piece of paper, on which were written some words. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.比 較:“他有兩個女兒,其中一個是護士?!?Hehas two daughters, one of whom works as a nurse.(非限制性定語從句 )He has two daughters, and one of them works as a nurse.(并列句) 另外, as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可代替整個句子,as
13、指熟知的 內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而 which指沒想到的事情 或客觀事實,且只能在句尾。比較: As is known to all, Taiwan bel ongs to China. The earth, as we know, goes around the sun. He is aga inst the idea, as can be expected. He has to work on Sun days, which he does n t like. She remarried, as we had expected. 3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)介詞+
14、關(guān)系代詞引 導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾物時用which不用that,修飾人時用whom不用 who 例如: This is the room in which we lived last year. Wh6 s the comrade with whom you just shook han ds? (2) 注意:固定搭配, 介詞不能提前。例如:Is this the book which she was looking for? 既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如: Behavior is a mirror in which every one shows his image.
15、Life is a piece of white paper, on which every one can put one or two of their own words dow n. They arrived at an old church, in front of which stood a big crowd of people. Also prese nt were two of his colleagues, one of whom was injured.高考新咅“析 1. A persone- mail account is full won t be able to s
16、end or receive any e-mails. 2009 年高考天津卷 A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever 2. Myfrie nd showedmero und the tow n, was very kind of him. 2009 年高考全國卷A. which B. that C. where D. it C A 3. We went through a period com muni cati ons were very difficult in the rural areas. 2008 年高考上海卷A. which B. whose C.
17、in which D. with which 4. What surprised mewas not what he said buthe said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 5. Any way, that eve ning,I II tell you more about later, Iended up staying at Rachel s place . A. when B. where C. what D. which 6. George Orwell,was Eric Arth
18、ur, wrote many politicalno vels and essays. A. the real n ameB. what his real n ame C. his real n ame D. whose real n ame C A D D 7. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 8. She was educated a
19、t Beiji ng Un iversity,she went on to have her advaneed study abroad. A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which 9. His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 10. He was educated at the local high school, he went on t
20、o Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that B D A A 精題新探究 ? is ofte n the case with childre n, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived. A. That B. Which C. As D. It 2. This is one of the most exciting football gamesI have ever see n. A. where B. that C.
21、 what D. which 3. The course no rmally attracts 20 stude nts per year,up to half will be from overseas. A. in which B. for which C. with which D. of whom 4. Childre n, i n my opi nio n,creative ability is unthinkably rich, is seldom taken notice of by us, should be trained in that area. A. which; th
22、at B. whose; which C. which; which D. whose; that C B D B 5. At last, the thief had to hand in everything he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 6. is known to the world, Chi na s Liu Xia ng becamethe first Asia n in history to win the men s 110mhurdles at the Olympic Game
23、s. A. That B. Which C. As D. It 7.1 don t know the reasonyou were absent from the meeting, but I amnot sure that some one will tell me the reas onyou have n t told me. A. why; that B. that; why C. because; why D. of which; that 8. Whe n she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the peopleshe had visited. A. that B. who C. where D. which D C A A 9. Because of the traffic jamI was caught, I was late for the meet ing. A. by which B. in which C. that D. where 10. In my hometown, there is a mysterious dark hole,depth has
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