電路原理及電工學(xué)常用專業(yè)英文詞匯

1、電路原理專業(yè)詞匯表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits”Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits電路electrical circuit電流current電荷electric charge電壓voltage 電位potential電位差potential difference電動勢electromotive force 功率power能量 energy電阻resistor / resistance電導(dǎo)conductor / conductance電感inductor / induct

2、ance電容capacitor / capacitance歐姆定律Ohms Law廣義歐姆定律generalized Ohms Law參考方向reference direction電壓極性voltage polarity正極positive polarity負極 negative polarity理想獨立電壓源ideal independent voltage source理想獨立電流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source壓控電壓源voltage controlled voltage s

3、ource(VCVS)壓控電流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控電壓源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控電流源current controlled current source(CCCS)節(jié)點node支路branch回路loop基爾霍夫定律 Kirchhoffs Law基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)閉合面closed boundary集總參數(shù)lumped parameter集總參數(shù)電路lu

4、mped circuit集總參數(shù)元件lumped element分布參數(shù)distributed parameter分布參數(shù)電路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element無源器件passive element無損電路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串聯(lián)series connection分壓voltage division并聯(lián)parallel connection分流cu

5、rrent division等效電阻equivalent resistanceY-變換Wye-Delta transformation入端電阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路電流法method of branch current節(jié)點法Nodal Analysis回路電流法loop current method網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh current method外網(wǎng)孔outer mesh自導(dǎo)納self-admittance互導(dǎo)納mutual-admittance矩陣matrix行row列column參考節(jié)點reference node平面

6、電路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克萊姆法則Cramers rule代入法substitution method運算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向輸入端noninverting input反向輸入端inverting input輸出端output等效電路模型equivalent circuit model開環(huán)放大倍數(shù)open-loop gain閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù)closed-loop gain入端電阻input resistance輸出電阻output resistance線性工作區(qū)linear

7、region正向飽和區(qū)positive saturation反向飽和區(qū)negative saturation同向放大noninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier積分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振蕩self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems疊加原理superposition principle輸入/激勵input / excitation輸出/響應(yīng)output / response線性電路linear circuit代

8、數(shù)和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴維南定理Thevenins Theorem諾頓定理Nortons Theorem二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-terminal circuit開路電壓open-circuit voltage短路電流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem對偶原理principle of duality對偶元件dual element對偶圖dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear

9、Circuit非線性電路nonlinear circuit非線性元件nonlinear element壓控電阻voltage-controlled resistor流控電阻current-controlled resistor靜態(tài)電阻static resistance動態(tài)電阻dynamic resistance小信號分析small-signal analysis小信號模型small-signal modal分段線性化法piece-wise linear mthod數(shù)值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一階電路first-order

10、 circuit一階微分方程first-order differential equation過渡過程transient process線性時不變電路linear time-invariable circuit單位階躍函數(shù)unit step function單位脈沖函數(shù)unit pulse function單位斜坡函數(shù)unit ramp function起始條件initial condition起始值initial value零輸入響應(yīng)zero-input response零狀態(tài)響應(yīng)zero-state response穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)steady-state response暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transien

11、t response時間常數(shù)time constant指數(shù)函數(shù)exponential function階躍響應(yīng)step response沖激響應(yīng)impulse response自由響應(yīng)natural response強迫響應(yīng)forced response全響應(yīng)complete response穩(wěn)態(tài)值final value卷積積分convolution integration時域延遲time delay換路switching跳變現(xiàn)象jump phenomenon脈沖持續(xù)時間pulse duration脈沖重復(fù)周期repeating period of pulse Chapter 7 Second

12、-order Circuit二階電路second-order circuit齊次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系數(shù)微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然頻率natural frequency衰減系數(shù)damping factor諧振角頻率resonant frequency / undam

13、ped natural frequency過阻尼情況overdamped case欠阻尼情況underdamped case臨界情況critically damped case固有振蕩角頻率damping frequency / damped natural frequency衰減振蕩damped oscillation無損lossless正弦響應(yīng)sinusoidal response波形waveform實數(shù)real復(fù)數(shù)complex衰減attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplitude / magnitude相位p

14、hase相位差phase difference角頻率angular frequency周期period頻率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬時值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective value root-mean-square valueu 領(lǐng)先 i u leads i by u 落后 i u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase實部real part虛部imaginary part直角坐標形式rectangular for

15、m極坐標形式polar form指數(shù)形式exponential form相量phasor參考相量reference phasor電壓三角形voltage triangle瞬時功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance導(dǎo)納admittance電抗reactance電納susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)sinusoidal steady-state response時域time-domain相量域phasor-domain視在功率apparent power功率因數(shù)power factor (pf

16、)復(fù)功率complex power功率三角形power triangle復(fù)共軛complex conjugate有功功率active power無功功率reactive power最大功率傳輸定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共軛匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magne

17、tic flux互感電壓mutual / induced voltage線圈coil鐵心線圈coil with iron core匝數(shù)turn耦合系數(shù)coupling coefficient變壓器transformer空心變壓器air-core transformer原邊primary coils / windings副邊secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想變壓器ideal transformer全耦合變壓器unity-coupled transformer變比turns ratio / transformation rati

18、o自耦合變壓器auto-transformer多繞組變壓器multiple-winding transformer右螺旋定則right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感l(wèi)eakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel resonance諧振頻率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality factor頻率響應(yīng)frequenc

19、y response選擇性selectivity選頻特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response復(fù)頻率complex frequency網(wǎng)絡(luò)函數(shù)network function轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transfer function多項式polynomial極點pole零點zero波特圖Bode plot分貝decibel增益gain對數(shù)logarithm半對數(shù)semilog轉(zhuǎn)折頻率corner / break frequency截止頻率cut-off frequency帶寬bandwidth無源濾波器passive fi

20、lter有源濾波器active filter低通濾波器low-pass filter高通濾波器high-pass filter帶通濾波器band-pass filter帶阻濾波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits對稱三相電源balanced three-phase sources對稱三相電路symmetrical three-phase circuit中線neutral line中性點neutral point三相四線制three-phase four-wire system相電壓phase

21、 voltage線電壓line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence負序negative / acb sequence相電流phase current線電流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激勵nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里葉級數(shù)trigonometric Fourier series指數(shù)形式的付里葉級數(shù)exponential Fourier series付里葉系數(shù)Fouri

22、er coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波頻率fundamental frequency諧波harmonic wave高次諧波higher harmonic頻譜frequency spectrum譜線spectrum line線狀頻譜line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇對稱odd symmetry偶對稱even symmetry半波對稱half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦爾定理Parsevals theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里葉變換F

23、ourier transformation拉普拉斯變換Laplace transformation原函數(shù)original function象函數(shù)transform function積分變換integral transformation頻域frequency domain幅度譜amplitude spectrum相位譜phase spectrum矩形脈沖rectangular pulse線性性質(zhì)linearity時域微分time differentiation時域積分time integration時域平移time shift頻域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反變換inverse L

24、aplace transformation拉普拉斯變換對Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-port network四端網(wǎng)絡(luò)four-terminal network / quadripoleZ參數(shù)impedance parametersY參數(shù)admittance parametersH參數(shù)Hybrid parametersT參數(shù)Transmission parameters策動點driving point(二端口)級聯(lián)cascade connection傳播常數(shù)transmission constantChapter

25、 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory圖graph拓撲圖topological graph子圖subgraph連通圖connected graph有向圖oriented graph樹tree樹支tree branch連支link割集cut set降階關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣reduced incidence matrix增廣矩陣augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩陣fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩陣fundamental cut set matrix單位陣unit matrix轉(zhuǎn)置陣transposed matrix正定矩陣positive

26、definite matrix非奇異矩陣nonsingular matrix逆矩陣inverse matrix方陣square matrix零矩陣zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach狀態(tài)變量 state variable狀態(tài)方程state equation狀態(tài)空間state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristicvector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩陣similar matrixChapter

27、18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非線性時變電路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治電路非自治電路前向歐拉法forward Eulars method后向歐拉法backward Eulars method相平面狀態(tài)平面 state planar相軌線中心點焦點節(jié)點鞍點平衡點 穩(wěn)定性stability漸近穩(wěn)定asymptotic stabilityChapter 19 Distributed Circuits分布參數(shù)電路distributed circuit傳輸線transmission line均勻傳輸線uniform transmissi

28、on line反射reflection透射transmission波長wave length波速wave speed行波traveling wave 駐波standing wave正向行波direct wave反向行波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前 wave front傳播常數(shù)propagation constantAppendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit鐵磁物質(zhì)ferromagnetic substance磁導(dǎo)率 magnetic permeability磁感應(yīng)強度magnetic induction磁通mag

29、netic flux磁鏈magnetic linkage磁通勢magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通連續(xù)性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux磁場強度magnetic flux intensity磁阻reluctance磁導(dǎo)permeance安培環(huán)路定理 principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲線magnetization curve磁滯回線hysteresis loop磁滯hysteresis渦流eddy current渦流損失eddy current loss

30、集膚效應(yīng)skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁飽和magnetic saturation電磁感應(yīng)定律law of electromagnetic induction勵磁電流exciting current電工學(xué)上中英名詞對照表一階電路 first-order circuitV形曲線 V curve三相電路 three-phase circuit三相功率 three-phase power三相三線制 three-phase three-wire system三相四線制 three-phase four-wire system三相變壓器 three-phase transforme

31、r三角形聯(lián)接 trianular connection三角波 triangular wave三相異步電動機 three-phase induction motor支路 branch支路電流法 branch current method中性點 neutral point中性線 neutral conductor中央處理器 centre processing unit（CPU）互感 mutual inductance介電常數(shù) permittivity of the dielectric瓦特 Watt功率表 powermeter無功功率 reactive power韋伯 Weber反電動勢 coun

32、ter emf反相 opposite in phase反饋控制 feedback control方框圖 block diagram開路 open circuit開關(guān) switch水輪發(fā)電機 water-wheel generator功 work功率 power功率因數(shù) power factor功率三角形 power triangle功率角 power angle電能 electric energy電荷 electric charge電場 electric field電場強度 electric field intensity電位 electric potential電位差 electric po

33、tential difference電位升 potential rise電位降 potential drop電位計 potentiometer電壓 voltage電壓三角形 voltage triangle電動勢 electromotive force（emf）電源 source電壓源 voltage source電流源 current source電路 circuit電路分析 circuit analysis電路元件 circuit element電路模型 circuit model電流 current電流密度 current density電流互感器 current transformer

34、電阻 resistance電阻器 resistor電阻性電路 resistive circuit電阻率 resistivity電導(dǎo) conductance電導(dǎo)率 conductivity電容 capacitance電容器 capacitor電容性電路 capacitive circuit電感 inductance電感器 inductor電感性電路 inductive circuit電橋 bridge電機 electric machine電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩 electromagnetic torque電角度 electrical degree電樞 armature電樞反應(yīng) armature reactio

35、n電工測量 electrical measurement電磁式儀表 electromagnetic instrument電動式儀表 electrodynamic instrument平均值 average value平均功率 average power正極 positive pole正方向 positive direction正弦量 sinusoid正弦電流 sinusoidal current結(jié)點 node結(jié)點電壓法 node voltage method對稱三相電路 symmetrical three-phase circuit主磁通 main flux外特性 external chara

36、cteristic發(fā)送機 transmitter他勵發(fā)電機 separately excited generator可編程控制器 programmable controller（PLC）安培 Ampere電流表 currenter安匝 ampere-turns伏特 Volt電壓表 valeage伏安特性曲線 volt-ampere characteristic有效值 effective value有功功率 active power交流電路 alternating current circuit (a-ccircuit)交流電機 alternating-current machine自感 sel

37、f-inductance自感電動勢 self-induced emf自耦變壓器 autotransformer自勵發(fā)電機 self-excited generator自整角機 selsyns自動控制 automatic control自動調(diào)節(jié) automatic regulation自鎖 self-locking負極 negative pole負載 load負載線 load line負反饋 negative feedback動態(tài)電阻 dynamic resistance并聯(lián) parallel connection并聯(lián)諧振 parallel resonance并勵發(fā)電機 shunt d-c ge

38、nerator并勵電動機 shunt d-c motor并勵繞組 shunt field vending同步發(fā)電機 synchronous generator同步電動機 synchronous motor同步轉(zhuǎn)速 synchronous speed同相 in phase機械特性 torque-speed characteristic過勵 overexcitation執(zhí)行元件 servo-unit傳遞函數(shù) transfer function傳感器 transducer閉環(huán)控制 closed loop control回路 loop網(wǎng)絡(luò) network導(dǎo)體 conductor導(dǎo)納 admittanc

39、e階躍電壓 step voltage全電流定律 law of total current全響應(yīng) complete response麥克斯韋 Maxwell基爾霍失電流定律 Kirchhoffs current law（KCL）基爾霍失電壓定律Kirchhofs voltage law（KVL）庫侖 Coulomb亨利 Henry角頻率 angular frequency串聯(lián) series connection串聯(lián)諧振 series resonance串勵繞組 series field winding阻抗 impedance阻抗三角形 impedance triangle阻轉(zhuǎn)矩 counter

40、torque初相位 initial phase時間常數(shù) time constant時域分析 time domain analysis時間繼電器 time-delay relay勵磁電流 exciting current勵磁機 exciter勵磁繞組 field winding勵磁電流 exciting current勵磁變阻器 field rheostat兩相異步電動機two-phase induction motor兩功率表法 two-powermeter method伺服電動機 servomotor步進電動機 stepping motor步距角 stepangle汽輪發(fā)電機 turboal

41、ternator直流電路 direct current circuit (d-c cir-cuit)直流電機 direct-current machine法拉 Farad空載 no-load空載特性 open-circuit characteristic空氣隙 air gap非線性電阻 nonlinear resistance非正弦周期電流 nonsinusoidal periodic受控電源 controlled source變壓器 transformer變比 ration of transformation變阻器 rheostat線電壓 line voltage線電流 line curre

42、nt線圈 coil線性電阻 linear resistance周期 period參考電位 reference potential參數(shù) parameter視在功率 apparent power定子 stator轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor轉(zhuǎn)子電流 rotor current轉(zhuǎn)差率 slip轉(zhuǎn)速 speed轉(zhuǎn)矩 torque組合開關(guān) switchgroup制動 braking單相異步電動機 single-phase induction motor相 phase相電壓 phase voltage相電流 phase current相位差 phase difference相位角 phase angle相序 phas

43、e sequence相量 phasor相量圖 phasor diagram響應(yīng) response星形聯(lián)接 star connection復(fù)數(shù) complex number阻抗 impedance導(dǎo)納 admittance復(fù)勵發(fā)電機 compound d-c generator歐姆 Ohm歐姆定律 Ohms law等效電路 equivalent circuit品質(zhì)因數(shù) quality factor絕緣 insulation絕緣體 insulator顯極轉(zhuǎn)子 salient poles rotor測速發(fā)電機 tachometer generator繞組 winding繞線式轉(zhuǎn)子 wound rot

44、or起動 starting起動電流 starting current起動轉(zhuǎn)矩 starting torque起動按鈕 start button容抗 capacitive reactance容納 capacitive susceptance諾頓定理 Nortons theorem高斯 Gauss原動機 prime mover原繞組 primary winding鐵心 core鐵損 core loss矩形波 rectangular wave特征方程 characteristic equation積分電路 integrating circuit效率 efficiency振蕩放電 oscill tor

45、y discharge繼電器 relay熱繼電器 thermal overload relay（OLR）換向器 commutator調(diào)節(jié)特性 regulating characteristic調(diào)速 speed regulation繼電接觸器控制 relay-contactor control副繞組 secondary winding銅損 copper loss基波 fundamental harmonic諧波 harmonic諧振頻率 resonant frequency通頻帶 bandwidth理想電壓源 ideal voltage source理想電流源 ideal current sou

46、rce減幅振蕩 attenuated oscillation常開觸點 normally open contact常閉觸點 normally closed contact停止 stopping停止按鈕 stop button接收機 receiver接觸器 contactor控制電動機 control motor控制電路 control circuit旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場 rotating magnetic field隱極轉(zhuǎn)子 nonsalient poles rotor渦流 eddy current渦流損耗 eddy-current loss焦耳 Joule奧斯特 Oersted短路 short circu

47、it鋸齒波 sawtooth wave幅值 amplitude最大值 maximum value最大轉(zhuǎn)矩 maximum（breakdown）torque滯后 lag超前 lead傅里葉級數(shù) Fourier series暫態(tài) transient state暫態(tài)分量 transient component等幅振蕩 unattenuated oscillation聯(lián)鎖 interlocking感抗 inductive reactance感納 inductive susceptance感應(yīng)電動勢 induced emf楞次定則 Lenzs law頻率 frequency頻域分析 frequency

48、domain analysis頻譜 spectrum輸入 input輸出 output微法 microfarad微分電路 differentiating circuit疊加原理 superposition theorem零狀態(tài)響應(yīng) zero-state response零輸入響應(yīng) zero-input response罩極式電動機 shaded-pole motor滑環(huán) slip ring鼠籠式轉(zhuǎn)子 squirrel-cage rotor截止角頻率 cutoff angular frequency濾波器 filters磁場 magnetic field磁場強度 magnetizing farc

49、e磁路 magnetic circuit磁通 flux磁感應(yīng)強度 flux density磁通勢 magnetomotive force（mmf）磁阻 reluctance磁導(dǎo)率 permeability磁化 magnetization磁化曲線 magnetization curve磁滯 hysteresis磁滯回線 hysteresis loop磁滯損耗 hysteresis loss磁極 pol磁電式儀表 magnetoelectric instrument漏磁通 leakage flux漏磁電感 leakage inductance漏磁電動勢 leakage emf赫茲 Hertz穩(wěn)態(tài)

50、steady state穩(wěn)態(tài)分量 steady state component靜態(tài)電阻 static resistance碳刷 carbon brush額定值 rated value額定 rated voltage額定功率 rated power額定轉(zhuǎn)矩 tated torque瞬時值 instantaneous value戴維寧定理 Thevenins theorem激勵 excitation滿載 full load槽 fuse熔斷器 fuse電工學(xué)下中英名詞對照表二 畫PN結(jié) PN junctionP型半導(dǎo)體 P-type semiconductorJK觸發(fā)器 JK flip-flopD觸發(fā)器 D flip-flop二極管 diode二進制 binary system二進制計數(shù)器 binary counter十進制 decimal system十進制計數(shù)器 decimal counter二 十進制 binary coded decimal system（BCD）三 畫RC選頻網(wǎng)絡(luò) RC selection frequency network RS觸發(fā)器 R