[語(yǔ)言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)分類模擬題42

1、書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語(yǔ)言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)分類模擬題42公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)分類模擬題42Section Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 Conventional wisdom has long held that mam

2、mals stayed millions of years on earth. As long as dinosaurs roamed the lands, our distant ancestors never got to be much more than chicken-hearted creatures that sneaked out at night to grab bits of plants when the terrible lizards were asleep. Only when they were wiped out did mammals begin to ear

3、n a little evolutionary respect. But that picture changed dramatically with the announcement in Nature of two impressive fossils. One, of a brand-new species named R. giganticus, broke apart the notion that most dinosaur-age mammals were never larger than squirrels. The animal had the dimensions of

4、a midsize dog-by far the biggest dinosaur-age mammal ever found. And the second, a new specimen of a previously discovered species called R. robustus, refuted the notion that it was always the mammals that got eaten. Inside the skeleton where the animals stomach would have been are the fossilized re

5、mains of a baby dinosaur. This discovery was the chance of a lifetime, says Jin Meng, scientist and coauthor of the paper. Indeed, Meng didnt expect to find things like this at all. The smaller skeleton was discovered about two years ago by villagers in Chinas Liaoning province, site of some of the

6、richest fossil beds in the world. They brought it to the attention of scientists, who took it to an institute for examination. We didnt see the stomach contents at first, says Meng. After they did, however, it didnt take them long to realize they had struck scientific gold. On closer examination, th

7、e scientists determined that the remains were those of a juvenile dinosaur. Some of the arm and leg bones were still attached to each other, suggesting that R. robustus didnt chew its food thoroughly but wolfed it down in large chunks. Taken together, the finds overturn the already eroded idea that

8、early mammals were tiny and timid. Now paleontologists can stop cooking up theories to explain why mammals were so littlethat they had to be small to avoid being found, for example, or they couldnt grow larger because dinosaurs already occupied those ecological spaces. But its now clear that mammals

9、 did fill some of the spaces reserved for larger animals. Its quite possible, says paleontologist Anne Weil, that they competed with dinosaurs for the same prey. And because they ate dinosaurs, they may even have had an influence on dinosaur evolution. What sort of influence? We dont know, she says.

10、 Thats how it is with the best finds. They leave you with more questions than answers. 1. Mammals in the dinosaur age used to be described asA.fierce and dangerous.B.shrewd and swift.C.doglike and sneaky.D.small and cowardly.答案:D解析 句意：恐龍時(shí)代的哺乳動(dòng)物曾經(jīng)被描述為什么?根據(jù)第一段第二句“As long as dinosaurs roamed the lands,

11、 our distant ancestors never got to be much more than chicken-hearted creatures that sneaked out at night to grab bits of plants when the terrible lizards were asleep”可知，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為我們遠(yuǎn)古的祖先只會(huì)等到可怕的恐龍?jiān)谝雇砣胨臅r(shí)候，才膽小如鼠地從藏身之地偷偷出來(lái)采集植物充饑。根據(jù)第二段第二句“One, of a brand-new species named R. giganticus, broke apart the not

12、ion that most dinosaur-age mammals were never larger than squirrels.”可知，全新的物種R. giganticus化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)，推翻了大多數(shù)恐龍時(shí)期的哺乳動(dòng)物都不比松鼠大的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，恐龍時(shí)代的哺乳動(dòng)物曾被描述為瘦小而懦弱，故選D。2. The fossil of a baby dinosaur in the skeleton of R. robustus indicates thatA.R. robustus must have died in its pregnancy.B.this mammal could have d

13、ied while fighting with dinosaurs.C.R. robustus swallowed the baby dinosaur as its food.D.mammals would eat their young when starved.答案:C解析 句意：R. robustus骨骼當(dāng)中的小恐龍化石說(shuō)明了什么?根據(jù)第二段第4-5句“And the second, a new specimen.refuted the notion that it was always the mammals that got eaten. Inside the skeleton wh

14、ere the animals stomach would have been are the fossilized remains of a baby dinosaur.”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的R. robustus標(biāo)本推翻了哺乳動(dòng)物總是被捕食這一觀點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)標(biāo)本的胃部發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)變成化石的小恐龍的遺骸。因此，R. robustus腹中的小恐龍是被它吞下的食物，故選C。3. By saying they had struck scientific gold (Lines 12, Paragraph 4), the author means thatA.their discovery earned th

15、em great fame.B.their findings enjoyed enormous market value.C.they acquired valuable resources for their studies.D.they had made a significant discovery in their research.答案:D解析 句意：“they had struck scientific gold”(第四段第1-2行)是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段最后一句“This discovery was the chance of a lifetime, says Jin Meng,

16、 scientist and co-author of the paper.”可知，在哺乳動(dòng)物胃部發(fā)現(xiàn)恐龍遺骸這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是千載難逢的。因此，“struck scientific gold”意為他們?cè)谘芯款I(lǐng)域內(nèi)作出了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選D。4. The expression cooking up (Line 2, Paragraph 5) indicates that the authorA.doubts the validity of the previous scientific explanations.B.thinks the new discoveries have practical sig

17、nificance.C.regards previous ecological studies as simply story-making.D.considers those new discoveries no longer hold water.答案:A解析 句意：“cooking up”(第五段第二行)這一短語(yǔ)表明作者持有何種觀點(diǎn)?第五段第二句“Now paleontologists can stop cooking up theories to explain why mammals were so littlethat they had to be small to avoid b

18、eing found, for example, or they couldnt grow larger because dinosaurs already occupied those ecological spaces.”意為“現(xiàn)在，古生物學(xué)家不必再編造理論來(lái)解釋哺乳動(dòng)物為什么那么瘦小了，例如，有的理論認(rèn)為，它們之所以長(zhǎng)得瘦小是為了避免被發(fā)現(xiàn)，或者，它們沒(méi)法長(zhǎng)大是因?yàn)榭铸堃呀?jīng)占領(lǐng)了它們的生存空間?！备鶕?jù)第二段第一句“But that picture changed dramatically with the announcement in Nature of two impressive

19、fossils.”和第五段第一句“Taken together, the finds overturn the already eroded idea that early mammals were tiny and timid.”可知，自然雜志上發(fā)表的關(guān)于兩塊化石的文章徹底改變了傳統(tǒng)的觀念。因此可知，作者基于最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的真實(shí)性產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑，故選A。5. What is the possible connection between mammals and dinosaurs?A.Mammals were under dinosaurs rule most of the time.B

20、.Mammals might have contributed to the evolution of dinosaurs.C.Dinosaurs failed in the competition with mammals for food.D.Baby dinosaurs were the main source of food for mammals.答案:B解析 句意：哺乳動(dòng)物與恐龍之間可能存在怎樣的聯(lián)系?根據(jù)最后一段第三句“And because they ate dinosaurs, they may even have had an influence on dinosaur e

21、volution.”可知，由于新發(fā)現(xiàn)證明哺乳動(dòng)物曾經(jīng)捕食過(guò)恐龍，它們很可能對(duì)于恐龍的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了影響。故選B。Text 2 Schools of education have long been objects of criticism. From James Koerners 1963 book, The Miseducation of Americas Teachers, up through two recent reports by national commissions, critics have complained about the intellectual emptiness

22、 of the curriculum at ed schools and the lack of connection between what is taught and the realities teachers face in the classroom. A recent survey of teachers about their graduate-school training drew comments like the shabbiest psychobabble imaginable and a waste of time. With an estimated 2 mill

23、ion new teachers needed over the next decade, the shortcomings in education schools are a practical concern. In what is a generally bleak landscape, a small number of schools stand out as innovators. Two key qualities distinguish these exemplars. First, they require that students master the subjects

24、 they will be teaching and structure their curricula accordingly. Second, these programs put a premium on hands-on experience. While traditional ed-school curricula are filled with courses on theory, the new approach places much greater emphasis on learning by doing. At Ohio State University in Colu

25、mbus, students in the one-year masters program spend half their time teaching in one of 55 Franklin County public schools, where they are paired with experienced teachers. You are immersed from Day 1, says OSU graduate student Kelley Crockett, a 37-year-old former businesswoman who does practical tr

26、aining at Gables Elementary School. And that forces you to be intimately involved. In New York City, the Bank Street College of Educationa two-year programruns its own junior high. That keeps us honest, says the schools president, Augusta Kappner. We are encouraging students to see how they function

27、 in school settings so they can constantly improve. Comparable programs exist at some other institutions, including the University of Virginia and Trinity University in San Antonio. But Linda Darling-Hamond, a professor at Columbia Universitys Teachers College who is an expert on teacher training, e

28、stimates that only 40 percent of the 1,200 teacher-education programs in the country have met national accreditation standards. Most education schools, she says, have operated bureaucratically, assuming that teachers didnt need to know many things, Just give them a textbook and send them on. 1. By s

29、aying intellectual emptiness of the curriculum (Lines 34, Paragraph 1) the critics mean to argue thatA.there were not sufficient items in the curriculum.B.the curriculum was poorly designed academically.C.the training based on the curriculum was hardly imaginable.D.the curriculum did not sufficientl

30、y address learners needs.答案:B解析 句意：批評(píng)者所說(shuō)的“intellectual emptiness of the curriculum”(第一段第3-4行)是為了說(shuō)明什么?“intellectual emptiness”意為知識(shí)欠缺。故選B。2. According to the author, the concern over the current situation in ed schools isA.well-grounded.B.unnecessary.C.widespread.D.ill-founded.答案:A解析 句意：根據(jù)作者，對(duì)于當(dāng)前師范院校的

31、擔(dān)憂是什么樣的?根據(jù)第二段第一句“With an estimated 2 million new teachers needed over the next decade, the shortcomings in education schools are a practical concern.”可知，由于未來(lái)十年內(nèi)對(duì)于新教師的缺口有200萬(wàn)，因此，師范院校的缺點(diǎn)是一個(gè)實(shí)際的問(wèn)題。由此可以推斷作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于師范院校的擔(dān)憂是有充分根據(jù)的，故選A。3. The word premium (Line 6, Paragraph 2) probably meansA.difficulty.B.empha

32、sis.C.limitation.D.reward.答案:B解析 句意：“premium”(第二段第六行)這個(gè)詞大概是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段最后一句“While traditional ed-school curricula are filled with courses on theory, the new approach places much greater emphasis on learning by doing.”可知，創(chuàng)新的師范項(xiàng)目與傳統(tǒng)的課程安排相比，更加注重在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)。因此，這些項(xiàng)目看重實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，premium應(yīng)與emphasis同義，故選B。4. It can be in

33、ferred from Linda Darling-Hammonds comment thatA.most ed schools should undergo fundamental reform.B.it is too difficult for ed schools to overcome bureaucracy.C.teachers at ed schools emphasize too much the value of a textbook.D.most ed school teachers are unwilling to participate in the innovation

34、s.答案:A解析 句意：從琳達(dá)達(dá)玲哈蒙德的評(píng)論中可以推斷出什么?根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Most education schools, she says, have operated bureaucratically, assuming that teachers didnt need to know many things, just give them a textbook and send them on.”可知，琳達(dá)認(rèn)為大多數(shù)師范院校有官僚主義作風(fēng)，認(rèn)為教師不需要了解太多知識(shí)，僅僅給他們一本教材就把他們送走。由此可推斷大多數(shù)的師范院校需要克服官僚主義的作風(fēng)，因此需要進(jìn)行更加根本的、制度層

35、面的改革，故選A。5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.A Birds Eye View on Teacher Training ProgramsB.Traditional versus Modern Schools of EducationC.Innovation at Some Schools of EducationD.Comparison between Teacher Training Programs答案:C解析 句意：以下哪一項(xiàng)可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題?綜觀全文內(nèi)容，第一段由評(píng)論者對(duì)于師范院

36、校課程設(shè)置提出的意見(jiàn)，引出本文主題一些師范院校的改革創(chuàng)新；第二段指出創(chuàng)新院校的共同特征；第三、四、五段舉例說(shuō)明這些院校的舉措；最后一段引出不同意見(jiàn)，即對(duì)這些師范項(xiàng)目的批評(píng)。由此可知，本文主題為一些師范院校的創(chuàng)新，故選C。Text 3 Its almost an article of faith: your best ally in the fight against cancer is a doggedly optimistic outlook. And it would seem that mounting evidence of the links between emotional an

37、d physical well-being would support that view. The only problem is that there is no good evidence to support that belief when it comes to cancer. Moreover, the tyranny of positive thinking often becomes just one more burden for the sick. It was research in the 1970s and 80s that first popularized th

38、e idea that attitude might affect cancer outcomes. Such research led doctors to encourage patients to think happy thoughts and visualize their immune system blasting away cancer cells. But most of those studies have been dismissed as either flawed or inconclusive. A review of 37 studies that was pub

39、lished in the British Medical Journal in 2002 found that although a positive outlook does correlate with the perception of less pain by patientsa real benefit-there is little consistent evidence that coping styles play an important part in survival from or recurrence of cancer. Still, the optimism t

40、heory remains attractive. One reason is that Americans live in a culture that desires control. We want to believe that we can beat cancer by imposing our will on the disease. A better reason is that mental states like depression and chronic anxiety have been shown to have physical consequences that

41、affect the progression of such illnesses as heart disease and diabetes. While a similar connection is biologically plausible for cancer, it is far from proven. Even researchers who believe that studies will ultimately establish links between stress and the progression of cancer, like Stanfords Dr. D

42、avid Spiegel, know the picture is complex. It isnt a matter of Fix it in your mind, and you fix it in your body, he says, but it would be strange if what goes on in our minds didnt affect how our bodies deal with illness. So where does that leave cancer patients? Doctors know that individuals will a

43、lways bring their own dispositionsunny, sour or sarcasticto bear on their illness and treatment. Pressuring them to be models of positive thinking is useless. Worse, it could cause them to hide their fears and reject support. But clinicians must remain alert for signs of depression, which can affect

44、 the outcome of any disease if it interferes with treatment. And many patients will also needand welcomehelp to improve poor coping skills. Spiegel says, Having worked with people with life-threatening illnesses for 30 years, its clear that there are better and worse ways to deal with these things.

45、False optimism isnt helpful, but neither is despair. 1. By saying the tyranny of positive thinking (Line 5, Paragraph 1), the author probably meansA.people cannot but think optimistically.B.it is unfair to force people to think positively.C.people are advised to assume an optimistic outlook in life.

46、D.it is positive thinking that prevails.答案:B解析 句意：“the tyranny of positive thinking”(第一段第五行)大概表示什么意思?tyranny意為“暴君”，含有專制、強(qiáng)迫的意味。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Moreover, the tyranny of positive thinking often becomes just one more burden for the sick.”可知，積極思考的“暴君”往往成為病人的另一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。由此可以推斷作者認(rèn)為強(qiáng)迫病人積極思考是不合理的，故選B。2. What is found to

47、 be the real benefit of taking an optimistic attitude toward cancer?A.Strengthening the immune system.B.Reducing the pain felt by patients.C.Improving patients coping styles.D.Heightening the effect of medication.答案:B解析 句意：面對(duì)癌癥時(shí)保持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度的真正好處是什么?根據(jù)第二段最后一句“A review of 37 studies that was published.a pos

48、itive outlook does correlate with the perception of less pain by patientsa real benefitthere is little.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極的精神確實(shí)與病人感知到更少的痛苦相關(guān)，這是一個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的好處，故選B。3. The author thinks that the optimism theory is derived fromA.Americans cultural pride in overcoming everything.B.the biological plausibility of willf

49、ul control of cancer.C.the assumed connection of mood with some illnesses.D.the scientific researches in the 1970s and 80s.答案:A解析 句意：作者認(rèn)為樂(lè)觀主義理論源于什么?根據(jù)第三段第13句“Still, the optimism theory remains attractive. One reason is that Americans live in a culture that desires control. We want to believe that we

50、 can beat cancer by imposing our will on the disease.”可知，樂(lè)觀主義理論保持吸引力的原因之一，是美國(guó)人生活在一種渴望控制的文化當(dāng)中。我們想要相信自己能夠通過(guò)將意志施加于疾病而打敗癌癥，故選A。4. What does the sentence the picture is complex (Line 3, Paragraph 4) mean?A.Researchers differ in views on the cure of illnesses.B.The human body is still beyond our understan

51、ding.C.Doctors are unable to handle cancers effectively.D.Various factors function in the treatment of cancers.答案:D解析 句意：“the picture is complex”(第四段第三行)這句話是什么意思?根據(jù)第三段最后一句“While a similar connection is biologically plausible for cancer, it is far from proven.”可知，雖然一個(gè)類似的關(guān)聯(lián)在生物學(xué)上看起來(lái)同樣適用于癌癥，但是它還遠(yuǎn)未得到證明。根

52、據(jù)第四段第二句“It isnt a matter of Fix it in your mind, and you fix it in your body,”可知情況并非如把想法印在腦海就等于把想法施加于身體那么簡(jiǎn)單。因此可推知，在治療癌癥的過(guò)程中有各種因素共同作用，影響最終結(jié)果，故選D。5. An appropriate title for the text would beA.Can Sunny Thoughts Halt Cancer?B.Fix Your Mind, and Your Body Will be FixedC.OptimismAnother Burden for Patie

53、nts?D.Smiles Surely Smooth Sentiment答案:C解析 句意：本文最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題應(yīng)為哪一項(xiàng)?主旨題。綜觀全文可知本文圍繞積極樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)與癌癥治療之間是否存在必然聯(lián)系這一論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)討論，并提出了強(qiáng)顏歡笑可能會(huì)給病人帶來(lái)更大的精神負(fù)擔(dān)的觀點(diǎn)。因此標(biāo)題中應(yīng)包含“樂(lè)觀心態(tài)”與“負(fù)擔(dān)”這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，才能足夠全面地概括全文內(nèi)容。故選C。Text 4 Advances in interfacesthe physical way we react with computersand other techniques of controlling computers will supp

54、lement the role of the traditional keyboard and mouse. Technologies in development include surfaces that allow fingertip control of on-screen objects and devices that senseand react tomovement. But we should assess human-computer interaction (HCI) to ensure that we retain control of key decision-mak

55、ing processes, one report suggests. Display technologies will soon allow us to fix screens of all sizes in a variety of fabrics. In the near future we will still be reading paper books and magazines; but well also be using paper-like digital screens to distribute content. Cheap and easily-accessed d

56、igital storage allows consumers to electronically record and store more aspects of our livesallowing us to share information and interact with people across the globe. This hyper-connectivity liberates us from fixed telephone lines, desks and offices, while advances in robotics develop the computers

57、 ability to learn and make decisions. New computing technology is tremendously exciting, said Tom Rodden, Professor at the University of Nottingham. But the interaction between humans and computers is evolving into a complex ecosystem where small changes can have far-reaching consequences. While new

58、 interfaces and hyper-connectivity mean we are increasingly mobile, we can see that they are obscuring the line between work and personal space. Huge storage capabilities raise fundamental privacy issues around what we should be recording and what we should not. The potential of machine learning might well result in computers incre