《跨文化交際》-名詞解釋Word版

1、傳播優(yōu)秀Word版文檔 ，希望對您有幫助，可雙擊去除！名詞解釋1. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. 跨文化交際:指擁有不同文化認知和符號體系的人文之間進行的交際。2. Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,

2、values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是習得的一套關(guān)于信仰，價值觀，規(guī)范的公認的解釋，這些信仰，價值觀，規(guī)范對相當大人類群體的行為產(chǎn)生影響。 3. Culture identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. 文化身份：指有意識地把自己歸為某一特定文化或種族群體。4. Subculture are formed by groups of peo

3、ple possessing characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture. 亞文化:具有能在更大的一個社會范圍內(nèi)或主流文化中使自己有別于他人的特點的人類群體所形成的文化。5. Norms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a form of overt or c

4、overt penalty.規(guī)范指的是正確和不正確行為根深蒂固的文化原則，這種不正確的行為一旦發(fā)生，就意味著一種顯性或隱性的處罰。6. 文化震蕩Culture shock refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.人們在進入一種新文化環(huán)境時，遭遇的痛苦和難忘的經(jīng)歷。7. 人際交際interpersonal communication: a small number of individuals who are interacting

5、exclusively with one another and who therefore have the ability to adapt their messages specifically for those others and to obtain immediate interpretations from them.指少數(shù)人之間的交往他們既能根據(jù)對方調(diào)整自己的信息，又能立即從對方那里獲得解釋。8. 世界觀worldview :is the belief that we hold explaining the cosmos God, the nature of humanity

6、 and nature.指我們持有的對宇宙，神，人本質(zhì)及自然的最根本的看法。9. Context :its the information that surrounds an event ,it is in extricably bound up with the meaning of the event .10. 高語境文化High-context culture :its a kind of culture in which people are very homogeneous with regard to experiences ,information networks ,and t

7、he like ,e.g. Chinese ,Japanese 11. 低語境文化Low-context culture :its a kind of culture in which the population is less homogeneous and therefore tends to compartmentalize interpersonal contacts ,e.g. American ,German 12. 個人主義Individualism :broadly speaking ,individualism refers to the doctrine theater

8、the interests of the individual are of ought to be paramount ,and that all values ,rights and duties originate in individual s ,it emphasizes individual initiative ,independence ,individual expression ,and even privacy .個人利益勝于集體利益13. 集體主義Collectivism: it is characterized by a rigid social framework

9、that distinguish between in-groups and out-groups .people expect their in-group to look after them ,and in exchange for that they fell they owe absolute loyalty to the group .collectivism means greater emphasis on (1)the views ,needs ,and goals of the in-groups rather than oneself ; (2)social norms

10、and duty defined by the in-group rather than behavior to get pleasure ; (3)beliefs shared with the in-group; rather than beliefs that distinguish self from in group ; and (4)great readiness to cooperate with in group membership .個人融入集體。14. 對不確定因素的回避態(tài)度：uncertainty avoidance deals with a societys tole

11、rance for uncertainty and ambiguity ;it ultimately refers to mans search for truth.是關(guān)于一個社會對不確定性和模棱兩可的容忍程度。15. 權(quán)利距離power distance：組織或機構(gòu)里邊，沒有權(quán)力的成員對于權(quán)力不均等分配接受和期望的程度。16. 焦慮Anxiety occurs because of not knowing what one is expected to do, and focusing on that feeling and not be totally present in the com

12、munication transaction.在新環(huán)境下人們不知如何應(yīng)對，過多關(guān)注自己的情緒，不能全身心投入到交際中。17. 假定一致性：(1) To assume people know how someone else is thinking based on how they see things is called projected cognitive similarity.從自己看待事物的角度來判斷別人的想法。(2)Assuming similarity instead of difference refers to the assumption that people are m

13、ore similar to you than they actually are or that another persons situation is more similar to you own situation than it in fact is.18. 定勢stereotypes：refers to negative or positive judgment made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership.針對目標群體成員所特有的正面或方面的判斷。19. 偏見Prejudi

14、ce refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation.偏見是指對于某一特定群體，種類，宗教或性取向的無端的憎惡和懷疑。20. 言語交際Verbal intercultural communications happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.當來自

15、不同文化背景的人們用語言進行交流時言語交際就發(fā)生了。21. 禁忌語：Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people，or in certain for religious or social reasons.在特定文化中出于宗教或社會原因被一特定群體所避免使用的一些詞語或行為。22. 委婉語：Euphemism means the act of substituting a mild,indirect,or vague term for one considered h

16、arsh,blunt,or offensive.指用溫和的，間接的方式來代替嚴厲的，生硬的或冒犯的言語。23. 非言語信號：（狹義）noverbal communicate refers to intertional use of nonspoken symbol to communicate a specific message .運用非言語符號傳達特定信息的交際行為。（廣義）refers to elements of the environment that communicate by virtue of peoples use of them.人們交際時運用的環(huán)境因素。24. 副語言：

17、Paralanguage refers to the rate ,pitch and volume qualities of the voice,which interrupt or temporarily take the place of speech and affect the meaning of a message是與口語交際有關(guān)，指說的速度，音高，和質(zhì)量，這些要素會打斷或臨時取代語言并影響信息的語意表達.25. 時間行為：Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.是指研究人們?nèi)绾慰创褪褂脮r間。26.

18、時空行為：proxemics refers to the perception and use of space including territoriality and personal space.指對空間的認知和使用時空進行溝通，包括地盤性和個人空間。27. 目光語：The study of communications sent by the eyes is termed oculesics.研究目光傳遞的交流信息。28. 氣味行為Olfactics：The study of communication via smell is called Olfactics對通過味道進行交流的研究

19、。29. 觸覺行為Haptics:refers to communicating through the use of bodily context .通過身體接觸來進行交流。30. 身勢語行為Kinesics：is the term used for communicating through various types of body movements including facial expressions,gestures,posture and stance ,and other mannerisms that may accompany or replace oral messa

20、ges.指交際時所使用的不同類型的動作，包括表情，手勢，姿勢，和其他代替語言傳達信息的行為舉止。31. Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females. 32. Gender concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between males and females. 33. Gender identity- perception of self as a woman or man, masculine or feminine34. 良好的交際Competent communication：as interaction th