古典貿(mào)易理論答案

1、CHOICE QUESTIONS objected to: The mercantilists would have D ）1.（ （反對）n. （重商主義）a. Export promotion policies initiated by the government 發(fā)起）v. （出口促進(jìn)政策）b. The use of tariffs or quotas to restrict imports 配額）關(guān)稅）n. （n. c. Trade policies designed to accumulate gold and other precious metals （貴v. 積累）（金屬）

2、d. International trade based on open markets（自由市場） （ C ）2. Unlike the mercantilists, Adam Smith maintained that: 主張，堅稱）v. （a. Trade benefits one nation only at the expense ofanother nation （在損失的情況下）b. Government control of trade leads to maximum economic welfare最大值的，最大量的）adj. （經(jīng)濟(jì)福利） c. All nations c

3、an gain from free international trade d. The worlds output of goods must remain constant over time 不變的）（adj. （ D ）3. The trading principle formulated by Adam Smith maintained （v. 明確表達(dá)）主張，堅（v. that: 稱）a. International prices are determined from the demand side of the market b. Differences in resource

4、 endowments determine comparative advantage ）（資源稟賦c. Differences in income levels govern world trade patterns d. Absolute cost differences determine the immediate basis for trade （成本差異）（ A ）4. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the （生產(chǎn)要素）United States equal $20 per

5、hour while wages in the United Kingdom equal $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States than the United Kingdom if: a. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour b. U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hou

6、r while U.K. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour c. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour d. U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour while U.K. labor productivity equaled 25 units per hour （ C ）5. Concerning inter

7、national trade restrictions , which of 限制）（prep. 關(guān)于，就而論）n. （ false Trade restrictions: the following isa. Limit specialization and the division of labor （勞動分工）（專業(yè)化） b. Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from trade （貿(mào)易所得） （貿(mào)易量）c. Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities cu

8、rves （生產(chǎn)可能性曲線） d. May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantage （ A ）6. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Japan enjoys a comparative advantage over France in steel relative to bicycles” is equivalent to : （相當(dāng)于）a. France having a comparative a

9、dvantage over Japan in bicycles relative to （比較優(yōu)勢）steel b. France having a comparative disadvantage e over Japan in bicycles relative （比較劣勢）to steel c. Japan having a comparative advantage over France in steel and bicycles d. Japan having a comparative disadvantage against Japan in bicycles and stee

10、l （ B ）7. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium where a community 均衡）（n. indifference curve: ） CIC（社會無差異曲線，a. Lies above its production possibilities curve b. Is tangent to its production possibilities curve （生產(chǎn)可能性曲線，相切的） （adj. 正切的； PPC） c. Intersects its production possibilities curve

11、 相交，交叉）（v. d. Lies below its production possibilities curve （ C ）8. The gains from international trade increase as: a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities schedule b. A nation consumes along ts production possibilities schedule i沿著）（prep. c. The international terms of trade rise

12、s above the nations autarky price 自給自足）n. （d. The international terms of trade approaches the nations autarky price 接近，靠近）（v. （ B ）9. “The equilibrium relative commodity price at which trade takes place is determined by the conditions of demand and supply for each commodity in both nations. Other th

13、ings being equal, the nation with the more intense demand for the other 強(qiáng)烈的）adj. （nations exported good will gain less from trade than the nation with the less intense demand.” This statement was first proposed by: 提出）（v. a. Alfred Marshall with offer curve analysis （提供曲線）b. John Stuart Mill with th

14、e theory of reciprocal demand （相互需求理論） c. Adam Smith with the theory of absolute advantage d. David Ricardo with the theory of comparative advantage （ B ）10. Given a two-country and two-product world, the United States would enjoy all the attainable gains from free trade with Canada if it: 可得到的）（adj

15、.a. Trades at the U.S. rate of transformation b. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformation c. Specializes completely in the production of both goods （完全專業(yè)化）d. Specializes partially in the production of both goods （部分專業(yè)化）（ B ）11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports wi

16、ll: a. Improve the terms of trade ）（貿(mào)易條件，TOT（v. 改善）b. Worsen the terms of trade 惡化）（v. c. Expand the production possibilities curve （生產(chǎn)可能性曲線） d. Contract the production possibilities curve 收縮）（v. TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS （ F ）1. In an open trading system, a country will import those commodities that it

17、produces at relatively low cost while exporting commodities that can be produced at relatively high cost. Correct：import those commodities that it produces at relatively high while exporting commodities that can be produced at relatively high cost （ T ） mercantilists contended that because one natio

18、ns gains from 認(rèn)為）n. 重商主義者）（v. （trade come at the expense of its trading partners , not all （貿(mào)易伙伴） 的情況下）（在損失.nations could simultaneously realize gains from trade. 同時）（adv. （ F ） to the price-specie-flow doctrine , a trade-surplus nation （貿(mào)易順流動學(xué)說）-鑄幣-（價格would experience gold outflows, a decrease in i

19、ts money supply, and a fall in 差國） its price level. Correct： a trade-surplus nation would experience gold inflows, an increase in its money supply, and a rise in its price level. （ F ）4. If a countrys terms of trade worsen , it must exchange fewer exports for 惡化）（v. a given amount of imports. Correc

20、t：If a countrys terms of trade worsen, it must exchange more exports for a given amount of imports. （ F ） principle of absolute advantage asserts that mutually beneficial trade （互認(rèn)為）（v. can occur even if one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production 利貿(mào)易）of all goods. Correct：he principle

21、 of comparative advantage asserts that mutually beneficial trade can occur even if one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production of all goods. T ）that Germany has higher labor productivity and higher wage levels than France. （假設(shè)）Germany can produce a commodity more cheaply than France if

22、 its productivity differential more than offsets its wage differential . （工資差異）（v. 抵消）nations illustrated （ F ） price-specie-flow mechanism why one 表明）鑄幣-流動機(jī)制）v. （價格- gains from trade were accompanied by another countrys losses. 伴隨）v. （ Correct：The price-specie-flow mechanism illustrated a favorable

23、 trade balance was possible only in the short run, for over time it would automatically be eliminated. （ T ） is possible for a nation not to have an absolute advantage in anything; but it is not possible for one nation to have a comparative advantage in everything and the other nation to have a comp

24、arative advantage in nothing. 一個國家可能在所有商品的生產(chǎn)上都沒有絕對優(yōu)勢，但不可能一個國家在任何一種商品的生產(chǎn)上都具有比較優(yōu)勢，而其他國家在所有商品的生產(chǎn)上都處于相對劣勢。 （ F ） increasing opportunity costs , a nation totally specializes in （專門從事）（機(jī)會成本遞增） the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage; With constant opportunity costs , a nation partiall

25、yspecializes inthe （adv. （機(jī)會成本不變）部分地） production of the commodity of its comparative advantage. Correct：With constant opportunity costs, a nation totally specializes in the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage; With increasing opportunity costs, a nation partially specializes in

26、the production of the commodity of its comparative advantage. （ T ）10.The mercantilists were also attacked for their static view of the world 重商主義者）（n. economy. To the mercantilists, the worlds wealth was fixed. This meant that one nations gains from trade came at the expense of its trading （在損失的情況下

27、）partners; not all nations could simultaneously enjoy the benefits 同時，一齊）（adv. of international trade （ T ） productivity in the German computer industry grows faster than it does in the Japanese computer industry, the opportunity costof each computer produced in Japan increases relative to the opportunity cost of a computer produced in Germany. （ F ） Smi